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18 Ontario School Library Association …continued from page 17 male to female college applicants has declined to the point where for every eight qualified females, there are only two males. So, "The purpose of this book, and of all the work I do with boys," says Wiseman, "is to give them a strategic methodology to rebel against the ALMB so they can come into their own as authentic, strong and emotionally engaged men." One of the book's unique features is that the author enlisted the help of over 160 boys in private, public, parochial, and international schools, rural and urban. They tweeted or emailed her questions, or explained how they reacted in certain situations which add to the book's authenticity. Parents and educators also contributed. Throughout the book, the reader is challenged with questions under the heading "Check Your Baggage." For example, "When you were growing up, what got you high social status as a guy in your community?" or "Were you intimidated by another kid or adult when you were growing up?" Wiseman also provides a comprehensive list of other books on similar topics which the reader can pursue. For a reader's guide to this book, please consult: rosalindwiseman.com. *** Just Babies: The Origins of Good and Evil Paul Bloom, 2013 ISBN 978-0-307-88684-2 Another essential for primary and secondary educators, parents, students, and all those interested in what makes human beings moral - or not Alright, we've all wondered what makes people good or bad, moral, immoral, famous, infamous, ethical or unethical. Is this something biological or, as psychologist Paul Bloom puts it, "If our wondrous kindness is evidence for God, is our capacity for great evil proof of the Devil?" In seven chapters covering subjects as diverse as "The Moral Life of Babies," "Empathy and Compassion, "Family Matters," and "How To Be Good," Bloom cites many examples of the way in which human beings can be wicked, indifferent, and prone to treating strangers badly. Twentieth-century genocide provides us with enough examples. However, "our imagination, our compassion, and especially our intelligence give rise to moral insight and moral progress and make us more than just babies." Through a series of experiments designed to see if babies could distinguish between a kind or cruel individual, we learn that a human's moral sense is innate and comes naturally. In addition, empathy and compassion (a trait lacking in psychopaths), two distinct emotions, often erroneously considered synonyms, are also manifested at a very young age. Babies then grow up to be adults who donate kidneys, or not, save strangers from drowning, or not, and adopt totally unrelated children, or not. This type of moral behaviour leads to the study of moral psychology (the reasons why we