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& ATA drifted into the republic from all parts of $ PHYSIOLOGY AND TEMPERANCE. the world was owing to the efforts made 1 'cannot dismiss this part of my subject in the Public Schools of the United States without a word or two as to the extent to to impress the school children with the ad-- which physiology and temperance are re-- ' vantages of republican institutions. _ Her ceiving the attention of our lic School. '| great men formed the subject of anecdote It was in 1886 that authority w ven the and sketch in ®very text--books ; her strug-- £ Edncation Department to provide: uc-- _ | gle for independence, the courage of her tion in this subject. Since that a generals, the eloquence of her statesmen, was given a text--book was prescr , her literature, her natural resources, in | and although for several years the subj i fact, everything she was and everything --was optional, it was believed that publ she expected to be,' were made the subject pinion would justify its being made come~. of study and of declamation, and every pulsory, and this was done accordingly child on leaving school was made to feel $ by the regulations of last August. that the American republic, if not repre-- Out of 201,649 who were required under senting the whole world, represented at the regulations to study this subject, 171,-- least the most important part of it. ©'504 were reported as receiving the requi-- In the same way the study of the his-- site instruction. In addition to the study tory of the fatherland is made an import-- of the subject in the Public School, provi-- ant part in the curriculum of all the sion was made for the instruction of schools of Germany, from the Volkschuler teachers at Normal and Model Schouols, to the Gymmnasicn. In her. dark days, and every teacher since 1887 who has re-- ~ \\;hen humbled and crushed by the tirst ceived a certificate from the EKducation Nllbolopn. Frederick William arnounced to Department has been required to pass an t his disconsolate subjects "the State J o.\-'mx'.'inution as to his knowledge of the 4 must make good through intellectuai pow-- principles of physiology and temnerance. | er what it has lost in physical strength," Is it too much to expect that this action f | and straightway began the organization ',} the department will greatly aid the n't a schco'l system of which loyalty to the | enforcement of any legislation that may German Empire may be said to be one of | be required further to restrain the liquor its corner--stones. From its earliest his-- t mt.l'; 8 tory down to its triumphs before Sedan ® s * | f\'e}:y event calculated to stimulate at-- j coUrsE oOr sSTUDY,. hk achment to his native land or to increase n¥ Ganys p 1 Public| ' £ his admiration of the national character 8 'l;l(.)((')l;ox:lie b(iinmgffi'y f?x:ucI:l t;lmphfled C ot the great leaders of public opinion is '»\(hlh'nl the i"sl ten years. 'The opinion at daily presented to the pupil for the pur-- ne '""p tx\fgilently prevailed that almost pose of strengthening his interest in the :\-,.,-y quhbjecf within the range of numan country to which he belongs. }\xm\\'l';;i"\- should 'be taken up in the Pub-- In En_glum], strange to say, the subject "(f H'(-Im:f In 1871 our school ecurriculum a of British history occupies a secondary consisted of fifteen subje--cts, all of which place in the school curriculum. It s at wu:e"LohHgatvt)'. requiring the use of 24 present an optional subject, and the only te\'l-'ffi;ki at a '(-ost of $10 $3. 'The course incentive to teacher or pupil to take it new consists of nine compulsory subjects 3 up is the mercenary one that by so doing nd thr(';a optional, requiring the purchas» the school wili receive a larger grant. Out "f' ly nine text-!:m0ks at a cost of $4 06. , of 5,006,979 pupils enrolled in the schools of P Ne iR 1" mLent of the best educators is Englard and Wales in 1892, only 90,070 pu-- a-ltlxlen;]:l;' gin favor of a linitedl course of ']'IIS were ,'l.rq"r'.c-nf-"l for e'x:m'm'mtinn in ;:lut«'i;' for elementary schools, and by a 1"". the specific subjects, English history limited course of study 1 mean a course | being one of these subjects. It is but pro-- embracing a few subjects well taught. It ; per to say, however, that a series of read-- :1 'es not follow that because geology or| 'ers in British history is required to be -'~:?-n)my is rnot included in the curri-- used in every school from the second de'll" 't} at an advanced Public &ohool standard upward, so that much of tne N"fim t 4 Id know nothing of these sci-- knowledge obtained in this country by the | PupH ANOHL 'hat is neant is thit a knowl-- use of a text--book in British history is ob-- ences, but ~? h}[-xt'ncefi' .:.u:-'n. as a child may ie O o Oe ied y the sc of Leaders ;d.ytqu)rqlt)lh:':;"?\(l):;1ini.m.'z should be inciden--| spe('iall_\" prepared and which are suppre-- | t.:ll;(}'u"- ordinary course of the so'.wol.l mentary to the ordinary school reader,. e 1 ade the subject of special study | A few months ago when the Education and L MA t book * Department relieved candidates for en-- b-\;\."t';'""fl"';.: ;,l,"tl:;.: ul)'m:)n.r Public School (ru.nn-'m Alh«- High S('hunl from an ex-- k 'l ."" th . is ample material with amination in British history in order that curriculum P le, y fae o W pbombe es o ho which to develop all the facultles which greater attention could be given to the ' g ; be st active within the study of Canadian history. an outery was are S'."""UM(} ':' ';. -n:):hbol life. Imagina-- ;filstcdi l»y} the 4),;})();illiorx lpr(-ss and the "'i'"il lix"r]f: ';it.,lml:\) l(u,;('; the re,;g'.)nlllg p()W-} istoric charge of disloyalty was hurled Ds aid P arig 6i hntD . d > i d ; against the Government. It may be that ers ar% observallOn (l.m ',Lll,l,,,':( qu(_:gke::;gl in its zeal to promote a Canadian senti-- and ',~t1'mululwl' t'u t'p. l murriculum now ment the Education Department went too child's capacity as our Cl : of education i far in the first instance to make Canadian sds 1 ho ie en nsc history compulsory. It may be ihat the be to develop power and uomientrl:ul'unuof: pru_vlh-e of other nations, such as the 'f';'lfg.m.' ""'":. d? a'.l:e.fl;::::sy t((;n;v.l:'.\vnm'se United States and Germany, who had to dissipation of energy »rt in the four deal with mixed communities, as we have Retier have a Pupit §M CX NSLe hisa 4 P x * » rules of arithmetic than give A in Canada, was at fault. It may be that simple rules of init Y" to embody in the regulations of the do-- smattering of all. partment a course of study which pre-- TEACHERS ANL THEIR TRAINING. supposes greater attachment to our own iik 'hing staff of the Province of| ('()l{lltl'_\' t.h"" Ts nquh:w,l by ine l:)v_[u'n't- ()r:-(r:;'mlv:xl't.\\l'!r:;fnllb':rs $,480, fl\e nunlbér of | ment of Education of b.pgl:un.l and Wales, 'males employed being 5,710, and the num-| was too great a stride for this generat.on females emp %770. In the last (en years to take. But whatever may have been the ber of males "'"U' n' y aed b abou't\ motives which governed the department, female "'""h""\ ,,'mr':e 'nl('re'a:smcre)&;q."l by certain it is that at no previous poriod in 2,000, '"'," !"",(' "':; firh ",n;; the m}{moy- the history of Canada has there been so rbou* * f ',".- t: ~eLf an"-;; ' teachers may much attention paid to the history of our bidaiiriihe .»'".'nr-v\t' y 1\'f 'na(i';xial t:hf.ll':kC- cwn country, its relations to the Britisb have on 'Y" formation : f those influ-- Empire and the pesition it is destined to ter aiee LA dwelo',;","l. tr::d :str(;nxth to g«r'l'tl:'l;y.ki)f"itt'ni;nttrue to itself, in the future f.fi"fifnfihn'frl; :i,wfm,' t:)rlg;a question for 8 Cc » y Ed avier 4 Having --or The object of relieving the pupils from m'a:s;-né :-m.|'1:|d:'|: "t',',fi"('.mllt{l;}"f'helf)fi:gn;fi the examination in British history was to | the infudnicen < rould naAturall rive the teacher greater freed in deal-- | soy Sof thea teaohet Oe idns Rarnes & gree om in s f he more vigorous and force-- ing with the subject and the pupils great-- .1-:-umot;1ha't' 'Olf tok \mule T eacher: would s er zest in its studly. It is possible'so to is 'n(;rn"-":»lxl)' arouse the latent ener-- load our pupils with examinations as to more e *." and train him better for make school life irksome and repulsive, gies ,"f '?m."'lh.' f"u'.m e 'and self--assertion | and if there is one department more than t lll\; Oéi '::. ;_-;x:u-;";;l'(u'tAdul'l.ng which the ' another where the method of the examin-- ""_t_ 't Wf tllh' female toacher has been ex-- er is calculated to destroy interest in a :':"'i'";" io form i'g judgment on this point. subject it is in 1 study of history. Ex-- It is apparent, however, to the most su-- aminations in history cannot be framed perficial observer of the changing phases| so as to develop in the children either the (,f school life, that in recent years the, truc spirit of the historian or to disclose arbitrary discipline which asserted itself to their minds the aspirations which cul-- by physical foree has given way to the| minate in the great events which it re-- l-..umnn.e and sympathetic discipline of af--| cords. The child may get that for hitoself fection and self--respect; that the school--, by reawding and meditation ; he ougnt to reom, so frequently the scene of angry de--| ' get ii from the teacher , he cannot get it rpunciation and crual torture to be :u'olded.'| from the examiner. shunnedl and deserted whenever it was |_ _1 hope, therefore, it will not be many possible, is now resorted to with pleu'eut.'&l | years till we can say to the teachers of able anticipations and is enjoyed for its} |Hnmriu. '" We have confidence in your tkappy associations as much as for the work without an examination," and to the benefits which it produces. The great gulf | school children of Ontario, '"Read the his-- which once separated the teacher from his | tory of Great Britain for the purpose of pupils has been bridged over, and the feel-- | absorbing the spirit of her institutions, ings of dread and suppressed terror with the temper of her statesmen and the cour-- | which the child ever approached the| 2ge and,fresdom--loving disposition of her teacher bhave been replacel by feelings of { people and repeat it in the experience of| confidence and. affection. 'This change, in |-- Canada, ©'vifHied and sublimated by the itself a most important one, has been| _ | genius of our own institutions, and you brought about largely by the influence of } will have what is best in humanity and the female teacher. what is --best in government as well." | The tendency towards the employment of ------ammme -- > > ___----___--_'_:_4