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~14 ~oWo#~tyTIms~ Wodn0~ay~ Owwnber Ii~ W~1 lt's a bird!' It's a plane!.lt's...m.... an ornithopter!. Launching of the world's first successful orithopter -- a plane that files by flapping its wings like a bird.(Dr. James DeLaurier, University of Toronto) By Lorraine Brown Aviation history was made on Sept. 4, 1991, wiih the first successful flight of a motorized, flapping-wing aircraft near Bond Head, north of Toronto. Launched by hand off the side of a il, the 'omithopter' (a plane tbat flics like a bird) made two tbree-minute flights, and was brought down successfully each time by radio cotrol The plane was built by Dr. James DeLaurier, a professor ait the University of Toronto's Institute for Aerospace Studies. who bas been working on thc omithopter with Jeremy Harris, an engineer ai tbe Battelle Memorial Institute irn Columbus, Ohio, for almost 20 years. With is balsa-wood fuselage and keviar and carbon-fibre wings, the omnithopter combines the traditional materials uscd by model plane makers with the high-îechnology materials of thc space age. A one-horscpowcr motor powers the wings, wich flap at a rate of 3.5 times a second. Tfli omnithopter bas an cerie, bird-like quality whcn it flues. DeLauriers omnithopter is thc laest in a series of experimental planes, each one getting dloser bo acicving fRighi. The biggest problem was thc design of thc wings. which had to both propel thc plane and produce lift, as a bird's wings do. "'Mis was Uic most difficuit airplanf design problem Vve ever encountered,' says DeLaurier. "We nceded to do a dctaled computer analysis 10 find just the right amouint of twisting to efficiently achieve sirnultaneous ,thrusting and lifting.' DeLaurier explains that there are two forces ai work aithei front of any efficient airfoil: Uic 'normal force', which is perpendicular to the airfoil's surface, mnd Uic 'leading edge suiction', a force forward off thc lead ing edge of Uic airfoil mnd parallel to it. The vertical component of the normal force provides lift. while Urust cornes pnmarily from thei leading edge suction. t creates a low pressure area W;hîch helps draw Uic wing forward. The thin wvings of birds and bats create no leading edge suction. They get lift and thnist by twisting their wing oni the down,,rstroke, so that the normal force propels thiem forwý,ard as wcll as lifting,.'The tupstroke cmn actually produce a rearward thnist, mnd thcy partially colaseteir wings bo minimize th il. The tw;ýo scientista made a breakthrough this past year, with a new wing design.Thib eouinr new concept mnimiizes riklngon the upper and lower suirfaces of Uic ývings during flapping mad 1twisting. It allows a Uick., efficient airfoil to be used. so, that the 1pîmae cmn achieve mnd sustain lift amd Urust without lneed'ing tc0 collapse ils wing on the tipstroke. In oUier words, Uic scientists have built a wing like an airplane's Uhi a c flap like a bird's. The idea of flapping-wing flight is anything but new. Leonardo da Vinci was Uic first tb draw Ueoretical models of an omîthopter. back in the 151h century. There have bcen mnany attempts to achieve flapping-wing flight since then. But as far as DeLaurier knows afler extensive rcading on the subjeet, his omiUiopter is Uic first to actually succeed. 1DeLaurier mnd Harris launched an earlier model in 1989. But it only flew for 30 seconds mnd Uic flight was not long cnough for DeLaurier Io be certain Uiat Uic flapping wings werc giving the plane Uic lif iti necdcd Io continue Uic flight. DeL-aurier tested his various wing designs in an air tunnel ai the Institute for Acrospace Studies, mnd also studied Uic flight mechmnisms of birds mnd bats. Although he mnd Harris did not set oui 10 dcsign a bird-like wing, Uiir computer analysis of Uic best design for a flapping wing produccd something similar Io a gull's wing. Having finally reachcd his goal, DeLaurier is continuing Io work on improvements to Uic plane. He is also busy building a new omniUiopter which will go on display aI Uic Canada Pavilion ai Expo '92 in Seville. Construction of the orithopter was funded by Del-auricr amd Harris, wiîh money for the Expo model coming front Supply mnd Services Canada. DeL-aurier amd Harris are- in the proccss of patitfing their new wn dcs igon. (Cana4dian Science News) A roundq the Board (Continued from pàage 13) sWtatfng levels, are wfiere cosîs can really be controlled. WMile il may be "nice" 10o do certain tbings, if there isn'1 an urgent need we must say "no, Pot now". During thc electioti a number of voters asked what a trustee does. If's a fair questioPl. Trustees do not bave thec mme iisibility as local municipal politicians and therefore, their "job" is flot as well known. 1Let me begin again bY saying tbis is not a fulIl ime jéb- .Icannot support my family on Ille current honorarium of $7,934 Per Year. So if you try to reacb Me during the day you will prolbablY find I'm flot at home. M@st Of mY Board work is dofie in the evenings. In addition, you do flot require the services of full- time trustees nor can you afford them. A trustee is the vôice of the community on Uic scliPOl board. Il is our responsibility t0 make sure that the local sch9Ol system reflects the needs and values of our community as il relates 10 educating our cbildren. I am nfot a prôfessional educator.- I amn a pitrent and taxpayer. Trustec-s are responsible for settilig Board policy. It is the respo0tibiity of Board Administrationi 10 make sure policy is implemeçnted and followed. In short, Uic Board sets the general direction for the school system and administration keeps il on course. The trustee is also there to assist thc taxpayers whesl a need arises. Our Board is large. Stretching from Oshawa on the west, Trenton on Uice est and north througb an Enterprise Hill/CVumpbeflford, une, we cover both rural and urban areas. We have more than 2,000 employees, 23,000 students, 50 elementary and 9 scecondary schools, CGeiling to the source of answevrs is somïetim-!es no different than any large organizalion. It is important that parents follow an appropriate lune of communication when a problem arises, Most problems can be solved if the school is made aware of them. Talk to the, teacher. Teachers cannot educate your child alone. By expressing your concerns directly to the teacher you help them better understand your cbild and their needs. The school principal is the next link in the communication chain. Il is their job to manage the local school. If you find you, cannot resolve your concern by, speaking with the teacher then the principal can belp you. But remember, tbe principal is obligated 10 follow his or ber responsibilities as defined by Board polity or tbe Education Ad. If you are still not satisfied that your concern bas been addressed you can speak 10 the Superintendent for tbe area. Each Superintendent bas a "farnily" of schools to manage. lu our ward Trudy Lum is the Superintendent. Trudy can best be reached bv caling the Board office. I know that Truûdy will be willing bo help, you if your concerns have nýot been addressedl. So where do I fitlin?? Well, as far as I arn concerned anywhere along the linmba you tbink you need me. But please remember, I will ask if you have called the school in an effort te solve the problem. If il is information you need I would be happy b et il for you. Although many of my; calîs are from parents, I must stress that 1 represent ail public school taxpayers. whether or flot you bave children ai scbool. I am but one of fifteen trustees on our Board. Alone I bave no authority to change anything. It is my job to raise issues with the Board and gel the support from other trustees 10 implement changes. I will do my best to make sure Ward 3is hcard atthe Board table., In, the coming months I wilI share more information about the Board, ils committees and'the things a trustee does op the Board. ~p~v FTD®I Season's Greetings- Bouquet Capture the essence of the season with fragranit flowers and festive greenery. Iî's Uic nicest way to warm the hearts of famiily, friends and associates widi genuine holiday spirit. Mixed Holiday Planters Silk Centrepieces At4 Poinsettia Pots 4"% 6", 8't, 10" Spreading cheer ini and around Newcastle, Orono, Newtonville, W/ilmot Creek, Bowmanville FLOWERS PLUS 46 KING ST. E., NEWCASTLE rHalppýenings.. SANTA VISITS THE COeOP Yes it's that jolly old fellow himself ibis Saturday, December 14th at the Orono Co-op, betwcen 11:00 amt. and 3:00 p.m. Bring the kids to the Co-op and visit with Santa. And while you're there visit the Toy Department. TOWN HALL EUCHRE RESULTS The Orono Town Hall Euchre results for December 4th with 13 tables in play were: H-igh scores Dora MacDonald with 93; John Moffat with 91; Doreen Green with 88; Berneice Moffat with 84, and Aleck Moffat wi th 78. Low score Thelma Vagg. Draw winners Edgar Millson;,Bomuie Rahm; Dora MacDonald; Wes Wood; Margaret Elliott; Art Compton and Helen Couroux. Euchre is held every Wednesday night begining at 8 pam. Ladies please bring lunch.