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are drawn up by the and submitted to the federal of roads tor approval. In con-- and design, the bureau acts an advisory ea.rtty. but it is to obtain their approval on and-- construction features. + Bond Issue Roads. The roads 2e state bond issue high-- A the state highway ay» traverse the state from one to another. The State ot Illinois iday one of the best systems of ) Inter--city bhighways in tie < w The type of roads o built in Illinois are sec-- and they have been used '_t ard of comparison wher-- T are built. It may also be tate highway department. The aid roads arew a system of inter-- y roads, some of© which have absorbed in state bond _ issue --«-- There are approrimately 205 gw«mhhheou- ~which 140 miles are paved: 0o: 4 roads. State aid roads Roads laid out mo:x & j beti®:en the public, urt superintendent of highways, punty board of superrisors ana roads is borne--jointly by the gov-- ment and the atate. Tne tedera. au of roads endeavors to maintain gh standard of road construction, 1Is in constant touch with various arest to know that the specifica for concrete highways as drawn Lfi State of Illinois are being ' a majority of the states. The hig are . financed --from e thrck.3h the state bond 2 and further construction gf earried on through monies ted from the automobile license roads. E.zk roads in the State of Il-- a part of a system of high, A have been laid out by ' of roads and are units : wide system of reads. Sev-- 'Of these highways traverse the )«of Iilinois. Lake county is for-- in having two of these pass it. Green Bay zoad, desisnat-- route 42--4 and Milwaukee ave., I is state route No. 21, as fer as ) Villa, are federal aid roads. ia cost of constructing federal ate will also take over some 25 'of concrete roads which .have sconstructed by Lake --county. Lh.mdnmuu-onr. the will be retmbursed for all e ¢ road. (Route No. 20.) Lake Forest through (Route No. 22.) highway, Barrington to . (Route No. 19.) * 1 the Issue of 1924 Antioch road. (Under parement completed. state bond issuéd routes in Lake t' ate as follows: Un the Issue of 1918 ida road, (route No. 42.) ] ph road, (route No. 42--A.) 3 y road to Washington 9., re: ave. to Libertyrille, Lib-- b through Antioch. (Route No. E&oly-n.nofmtobond in lake county, 100 miles, state is contemplating the pay-- an additional 70 miles in Lake under the bond issue of 1924. time to No. 69.) vance all moniles for the con-- s of a state aid road when be-- t. Upon sompletion and ac s by the state, the state will refund of one--half the cost road, eaid money to be devot-- it to retiring the bonds used ce the roads or the county gystem of pulsmic highways in ounty can be divided into four states. Various tests and ex-- ts are made and such infor as may be of value to road-- is passed on to the state de-- ts.. The money for fedetal is is appropriated ty congress> al aid roads. bond issue roads. By M. E. AMSTUTZ ; Engineer in -- Collaboration of the state ald roads ;&nnd by the coun-- m in as parts of the state the state agrees to A in full for all ex-- Auve in the construc-- that may h*ve beon made ""' which have --been . advisory supervision t"' department, ana ; e ,bti;:nmul ) Miles of Paved Roads State Aid System; Rebates $008,000. ABOUT $1,000,000 . BARGAIN FOR 1928--The Independent Delivered to @ = y= .~imc« Door 52. Times for Only $1.50. All News of the County|*=" *' *' *' AYS 'The impravement ~* *~*~ --~ukee ayenue. from Libertyy't's "~ ~ ~idere road will not be nundertaken by the m@u&fifid'lhmn&dm, e tond 'routes, state highway fl-:::at has tak-- section; the awarding of the contract time, an average of 1,000 fteet of pave-- ment being built per wor>ing day. Paving operations were hegun . June 23. 1927 and completed August 21st, 1927. The pavement was laid on the Ivanhoe road and the work of ditch-- ing, building shoulders and entrance enlverts will be completed early next spring. -- 'The Deerfleld avenue road and the Grayslake road. part of which consisted of city witening, were both completed early this season. . The heavy grading and the construction ofa bridge have been completed on the Round LakeLong Lake oad: a year is being allowed for--the settle-- ment ofcheave tills; this section will 3. Milwaukee road from state bond route 21 north to state bond route 20. Approrimate leneth, 2 $--4 miles. 4. Deerfield road from state bond route 42--A west nearly to the Vernon-- West: Deerflield townshin line. Ap-- proximate leneth, 1 3--4 miles. 5. Round -- Lake--Long ('Lake roao from the end of the preseht pavement northwesterlv to the west lino of sec-- tion 24 in Grant township. Approxi-- mate length. 1 1--2 miles. 1. Milburn ;oad from Grand avenue north to the Zion--Antloch road. Ap-- proximately length,. & 1--2 miles. 2. Green Bay road from the end of the existing uavement north to join the pavement on © Wisconsin -- state route 57 at-- the Wisconsin line. A t proximate length, 5 1--4 miles. were paved in 1926, was completed and accepted by the state; it was opened to traffic the first of July, 1927. 'The construction on Wads-- worth road wae started in the month of May. 1927. and completed Novem:-- ber 11th,. 1927. Milburn road was built and opened to traffic in record The major M this program Green Bay road, of which three miles Construction -- 1927, The greater share of the construction carried on by the Lake county highway depart-- ment during the past year was financ-- ed ty the bond issue of 1926, viz., the $720,000 fsgue. The roads that were scheduled for improvement nnder this bond !--sue are listed below: tinuouslv. ~The cast of: maintaining these roeds amonunts to a high figure but when you take into consideration the total mileage of such roads, the cost per mile ts a nominal one. 'The maintenance of township roads is un Aer the snpervision of each town*hip hichw y commissioner, under whose direction the work != carrted on. Township, Roads. AH roads lying in the county and outside the -- ate Iimits of a city or village and nz' Inclnded federal, stato or state atd road are township roads. The of maintenance of these rmads Is borne by the township. The money for this maintenance is raised throuch road. bridgve and gravel tax, raised in each townshin. !t is very necessary that these subsidiary roads be Fepnt in good conditinn as they are roads that are used *y the public con-- We are at nresent main+ainin=® be-- twerh 70 and 80 miles of e--rth end grave! roads and are at all times ready to handle anv emergency, such as washonts, etc. During the winter months, the depaertment has eonir ment to clear roads for tratfic and is prapared to give the public the best of. service in this connection. It is apvarent to anvore that the in--| Culverts;. besides the work. done on creased valuas in real estate in Lake|Paving sections, we have m:x conntv and the develonment of the|two reinforced concrete girder lake resorts is directly attributable| bridges and are at present engaged to the wonderful convenience that is |in the construction of one concrete afforded the nublic by the system o# Slab bridge. Plans and specifications roads connecting the lakes with tha|have been prepared for another gird . renters of population.. it is a well|er type bridge. Two heavy mdhr% L:':'nwn« fact to evervonse connected | projects® were Ogthd } and we are' 'with the real estate development that| preparing plans for the 'laying ©of, urnnerty lying along a paved roag or| pavement on one of these sections. | within a reasomable length of distance| . '%uuu *AE from a paved road is wo;th severall The Lake . county highway , times its oririnal value. Practically| department, in co--operation with al! farm lands lIyin~ within Take|the state highway department, has county which are adijacont or near * | developed a very efficient system of :vodro:da have doubled and tripled | inspection. Before & contract~ is value while 'that land~ which is | awarded, thomtnmztdun-, several miles from the paved rhads,| surance that he will be to satis=: while of equal value as farm land, has | factorily carry on the work; 'we. ro-l not increased in value to such an ex--| quire him to submit a financial state~ tent. . 1 umot_humlbthhm' Maintenance of State Ald Roads Not} ment, and to furnish a eatisfactory Paved. -- Many of the citizens of Lake | surety bond guaranteeing the succes» . county are not familiar with the fact|ful completion of the contract. that.this county has a well ecuipped| When a contractor is awarded s maihtenance denartment. The de--|section, a resident engineer is plac partment has eischt Adarge trucks and|ed in charge of the work. The eng several small trucks,-- a full equin--|ineer must have both theoretical ment of road graders. tractors, and |training as a civil engineer, and prac-- various other maintenance eauipment.|tical experience on highway con-- present bond issue will have been completed, the county will have con-- 'structed ninetyv--five miles of pavement which will mean a direct saving of maintenance cc~t to the county of tetween fifty and seventy--five thous-- and dollars per year. In other words, the county has hbeen receiving 3 pet cent on every dnllar invested in roade t--o mthe standpoint of maintenance easts alone. Powever, when we figure the increase in real estate values of the county and the d in the cost of oneratin= vehicles on 39 pave-- ment. the county realizes a stunend-- ous amennt of interest from its h-i vesatment. When we take into consideration the fact that it costs the county from $500 to $750 a mile each year for the maintaining of earth and gravel roads, it will at once be evident that pave-- mert bu!"} under the above nrovisions is a paying investment.. When the of future refunds that may be appro oo O eR mt en ie 10 ha eomaiiet itc t visions and formal scceptance has | n 'by <the edunty @0 stats ald u.-u.um"aqmu'w | prolect ment as state roadse and are forever|proved; this road trA¥arse, a aong! maintained by the state, relisving the murnu:' counties and. townships of all future| Contract was . the filling in or exrnense connected Wwith them. _ Tni, | the 210408b and an earth roadway was perhaps is the groatast <benefit de rived from the construction of these roads as state aid roads. ind To ap whe: in ces 1 stpta season surface. The cone is then slowly re--' moved and the vertical settlement or slump is noted.. in concreté used pavement, the slum should not be than %% inch nor exceed 2 inchen and filled with concrete which is! u-udutnnnvoidnaufllid.udl ulnzhtmnofm"mogm' surface. The oona in than salowly ra-- eraily used| by ° contractors in <this, wmfihcflhus&ormmch;; incidentally=a § bag batch will lay two and one--halft {feet of pavement. We test the consistency of the con-- crete by a slump test. A fustrum of' & cone 4 and 8 inches in diameter,! wpudmnmm.uiui inches in height, is placed on its base,' trial railroad. The concrete © mixer'| '""b'"ltn"hhtnnumg approval with a capacity of not less: than a 4--bag batch; the capacity gen--' We J:ve prepared a set of specif' cations to cover all the important de-- tails of construction. The results o many experiences in road and bridg building have been incorporated into these #pecifications. We are in con-- stant touch with the state highway department and when improvements are made in=~highway construction;, we revise our specifications accord-- ingly. As the state is in constan: touch with bhighway work throughou. the country, we, through them, are able to keep our design and construe-- tion: up to the highest standards as developed in the United States, The main duty of the resident en-- gineer and his inspectors is to see that these specifications are strictly followed by the contractor in his any work. The resident engineer 1-- held directlyresponsible for the qua' ity of the work. On any paving sec tion the engineer has several inspec-- tors to assist him in seeing that th« work is carried on satisfactorily.!_ Ineer must have both theoretical training as a civil engineer, and prac-- tical experience -- on highway con-- struction before he is given charge 0° projects® were oaasmoauid'n are ! | o frow :.NM{ plans lt the 'laying * of, ;t'a vement on fl'""c'ju., ; J * M k L 25 In or The _Lake . county " highway, | jwe are department, in co--operation with| |{Of pav the state highway department, has} , 'tor to | developed a very efficient system of| | °" whi inspection. -- Before --a contract~ is| | Erade awarded, the contractor must give as--| |the pr surance that he will be able to satis--: | ton of factorily carry on the work; {we re--| | ®itted. quire him to submit s financial state--| | _ After ment of his concern, list his équip | | 429 20 ment, and to furnish a eatisfactory surety bond guaranteeing the succes» ful completion of the contract. constructed. mmagq'om&; outliet to the Fox River section : west of Wauconda and north of Bar-- | ringtoun. I Plans and specifications have been ; dnmummmvmlmf One bridge is to be built over w | Creek at Ingleside 'in the town of| Grant; it will be necessary to make} inmallrfloe.uonotthomtmd: and as--soon as the right--of--way has been éecuted, a contract will be let for the construction of a concrete gird-- er bridge. Construction was started }on' the 14th of November on a county : aid bridge, known as Chain O' Lakes | bridge, in the town of Antioch. This | bridge should be completed by early i spring. Aeontnctvfilh'htonhn-; uary 5th, 1928, for the construction : of the approaches to this bridge, and | the filling in of the slough at either } side. 4 I In summarizing our construction for ; the past year, we have built seventeen | miles of concrete highways; this in--: cludes the laying of the pavement, the | grading, building 'of new bridges and culverts;. besides the work. done on paving ueuon-.vcunuutm two reinforced concrete girder bridges and are at present engaged in the construction of one concrete slab bridge. Plans and cpodfleaum' rgh 'kfln. r-?'m grading ! er type ¥YY f projects® were onlgbt-d and . we :.r%' preparing plans the 'laying © of , } ] ting, the surface is belted, all } ance and surface water are | to be removed by floats or roll-- The finished _ surface of ~the vement is straightened with a 10 ;tt. straightedge; any depression I : _ jelevation exceeding 1--4 of an inch in' | '10 Teet must be removed; upon the' | completion of the work, it the engi--) | ~neer finds any bunips or depressions,| {funds available to the dounty througu cflomtn."uhm-,." {the gas tax is estimated to be $100,« hflammum' {taxation. It will provide for approm. 30 miles of additional pare Em It the proposed bond issue is b%l'mn:'otlm)em. @ prepare : necessary plans and <specifications and -- construction r'.wk'flluedn'fiommn- jspection as im the past, and we shan endeavor to build even * better grade ,btun-cutthnmuv. in the ~ NWomen © } _ hok M'm thin I¥iq square inch. Our average cores for was designed as it is, ( > _-- _ _ . _ : Proposed Bond lsaue of 9$1,000,000. tests; here they are tested for -- the weight per cuble foot, the absorption, and the . compressive strength in pounds per square inch. If we find 'that any of the cores do not measure up to the standard which we require 'we take further core tests in the vic. JAInity where such cores were remov-- jed.. If, upon further examination, we 'find that a section of the pavement: does not measure up to the required. unit strength, we either require the: contractor to replace 'such portions or 'we deduct payment for the entire: m.eootumttntmm"n-: &-wurmdnesuou I might : that the tests wé have made of| the work completed during the ~last year have all shown a uniformily high compressive strength. The theoreti-- cal strength of concrete for pave ments after it has been laid for thirty days, according to the American 8e sasme future time weo ohall 'give a do-- mmu&w«nn-l ment we are now and why it aase Aasteonaid an it to $ 1 that the pavement is less than the required thickness, we require the contractor either to replace such por-- 'tions or a deduction will be make in the final payment estimate for the en-- tire piece of pavement which has less than the required thickness.-- mre taken. If any core is found to 'be less than the required thickness, for the pavement, a number are tak-- en in the same vicinity; if it is found' on the concréte which will in eause it to disintegrate. If we could entirely eliminate bumps in a ment, which are due either to poor construction or tothe rising or tlement :of : the 'earth's --surface, due! :oMormw.vomu{ .0 a In order to insure that at all ttimes jwe are getting: the= proper : thicknoess jof pavement, we require the contrac tor to have a templet behind the mix er which will indicate : it <the sub grade has been leveled=to conform .to jthe proper cross section.= No eleva 'tion of any kind, whatsoever, is per mitted. : After the pavement has been laid, and not earlier than thirty days, we have cores removed from the pave-- i'ment. © These cores are taken out by 'the means of a motor driven drill; on' an average of eight cores per mile _ The cores removed from the pave-- ment are all carefully numbered, their location jotted down and then taken to the laboratory for further e / PRemm en y s a su7@ ) on . TaBL VBo bt the Important factors that deter-- mines 'the life of a pavement is in 'the smoothness of the surface. We rn tmdmmmt,mu, pavement is a bump or de C The vlhntl:'n caused bytlowh:l: 'Mms.m,mw-.] exceeding 1--4 of an inch, or waves in: the pavenient, payment for such j tions of the pavement is o_mad, ow rement." We have drawn up a set rules governing the means used to MP'" A todr « . I might add that one sAckl L t sinoy _al s "laue, | / l is Other changes in the engine are the addition of a breathing system, to eliminate : the annoyance of engine fumes; a new two--port exhaust and a glilencing engine enclosure. The four'wheel brakes are of tt;h non--locking design--the product of the Chevrolet laboratories, plus the facil-- ities of General Motors laboratories, and proving grounds. Front brakes are ~two--shoe unenergized > internals, while the rear brakes are the external self wrapping type. Front and rear brakes have been proportioned to pre-- vent side drag or pull. ~Bach brake has an individual adjustment at the _ The last mentioned feature | was achieved by the use of constant clear-- ance alloy "invar strut" pistons which k::t;:fl" smoother, more efficient--mo tions toward this end were nlnm Faising the compression ratio and by imm'ulve lifts. Through these makximum power is de ¥veloped. --<_ . spread endorsements were the increas ed speed and power Of the new car, easier steering, four wheel brakes of new design, shock absorber springs marking ap--advanced trend toward riding comfort and emoother engine ler and more beautiful, also that the rhnhlfu.tuuhldbnndevelop- ed to a measure heretofore unknown in the low price class. Outstanding developements in the engine and chassie that received wide-- spread endorsements were the increasg Widfire enthusiasm kindled thruout tboonuwm'hcnthem xnam for 19%8 went on dis Ay, took particular account of the :l'mmn,tbm embod-- ed in the new car. models, noted that the wheel base was increased and bodies made room-- New Chevrolet Is Put : On Display Saturday for Charles Morgan Kittle, president Oof Sears, Roebuck & Co., who died of setpic 'poisoning following an opera-- tion, will be held here tomorrow at at the Fourth Presbyterian church. -- Mr. Kittle; who was only 47-- years old, was taken suddenly iI1 Christmas Day. His physician ordered: an--im-- mediate operation for the removal 'of gall stones. The patient rallied from the operation and apparently was on the road to recovery when septic pois-- oning set in. He diéd late yesterday at St. Luke's hospital. spend the time required for the re-- turn trip this year, he will store his craft at Jacksonville and return next summer to take it home via the New York Great Lakes course. On the hoimeward trip, Captain Rynskel plans to go up the east coast and then to New York and through the Erie canal and bome via the An average of 12%5 to 150 miles was the daily cruise of the boat on its long southbound trip. Captain Ryn# kel expects to continue -- his trip to Cuba this week after repairs are completed on the Marine ways. The boat arrived here last Wednes-- day and anchored at the Yacht club pler. . Harbor sailors in the vicinity of Wankegan smiled and scoffed at the idea of the party making a--cruise of approximately 3,000 miles to Cubsa in the 27--foot craft but with the excep-- tion of being stuck half a dozen times on new sandbars formed by the re-- cent flood waters in the Micsissippi river, the trip was made without in-- cident. The boat left Waukegan O¢tober 26 and came down the Chicago river through the Illinois and ~Michigan ca-- nal to the Illinois river -- and thence down the Mississippi to New Orleans. ,'l'lu_wuthor was ideal at the start-- ing of the trip, but grew cooler as the boat progressed. | -- They stopped a week at New Or-- leans and laid up several times com-- ing south for short trips. No signs of the flood distress were seen with but one exception where a few tents. were pitched by the Red Cross with a few negroes living there. The wa-- ter--wast at its normal level although new sand bars had been created mak-- ing old charts useless. * The only way the channeds could be found was by watching the currents. Former channel markers would inev-- itably bring the boat up against a new sand bar that had formed and then they would seek a new course. The craft is a hand designed 27--foot cruiser with a 74-- foot beam and draws 2% feet of water. She is pow-- ered with a 90--horse power Gray mo-- tor capable of 'developing a speed of 15 miles an hour. > Fuel tanks of 100 gallons are included in the boat, mak-- ing a cruising radius of approximate-- dufo aitink The cruiser is on the big railways at the Bayboro Marine ways under-- going slight repairs before sontinuins her trip. Oakley Peterson and Her-- man Steichler, also of Waukegan, composed the crew for the duration of the trip. Mr. Rynksel is in the coal business at Waukegan. o '"New Year's in Havana," is the Slogan of Captain M. C. Rynksel, own-- er of a 27--foot cabin cruiser, and his crew of two, which cruised from Wau kegan, IIL., to St. Petersburg, a dis-- tance of 2,600 mileés. : The Independent at St. Petersburg, Fla., on Wednesday, Dec: 21st, had this to say of 'Mike' Rynskel, Wauke-- w P 1 Li 20 n hi coommiies C Stia onl S ies > * 5 TT CTZ CeCI007 iD a100 gi CaALLaUiuLll -- M CC oo niay T Anterest.. Realizing that all uncom-- < MILLEDTECER DA L. »|fortable spring action is the result of ; Cl S CCC T C S _ jrebound after striking a bump, Chevy-- a f P * rolet engineers set about to increase 7 -- the friction of the springs and thus > s eh';g.thedubmd. ed $y £ra Mennommime s © 0 . end was achiev equipping Mike-- Rynksel and Friends, in|the 'sorings: with 'special rebound 27-". Cabln St. MGN' chec Two checks are on each of burg, Fay 2000 mi. Rwey: | in ho aide en t es h center ap B e en "ds o e rmagey . Away. Oof the spring. These rebound checks P 3 0 es t n EW TK iel% &, 'fax..'rlvlfi,; ; 4 m, m HEAD IS DEAD Coth ME Scalue L. Sapttote Snd io. s en o peaeeh Rene L 9 se e ts i ait ons . uy 5'-4,' 5{ ¢ io ie e Pet s 40 'akna e o i OfoiATec cens1 0 00-- on d t d t ¥% C wear out of the brake lining. ---- * The aprings are also of extraordin-- Interest. Realizing that all uncom-- fortable spring action is the result of rebound after striking a bump, Chev-- rolet engineers set about to increase the friction of the springs and thus check the rebound. . This end was achieved by equipping ~MIpERTIVILEE CAMAGE-- | lc' --~ LUCE & FAKRLPo.____-- EF The Four--Door engine has numerous impressive over all roads at all speeds due to features such as alloy "invarstrut" semi--elliptic shock absorber springs pistons, hydro--laminated camshaft --84% of the wheelbase. j gears, mushroom type vaive tappets, AC --oil filter and AC air cleaner. -- Come in--see the car--and learn The chassis also has been rede-- -- how Chevrolet has again electrified signed. As a result, the new Chevro : America by creating a bigger and let provides delightful smoothness better motor car and offering it at throughout the entire speed range-- prices so low as to be actually wide margin of power for hills-- _ amazing! -- f L-,mamu-mumn--afn- gztovse faiam smcs stronger frame « stap + Ncwdn.lh-bofl- ~ 5--«--!2;- _ Fisher. ExE ,-" T Pn n i oo Today,.Chevrolet presents the crowning triumph of --_.__ Sixteen years' continuous progress--a great new auto-- mobile so impressive in appearance, performance and staunchness that it marks the opening of a new era of luxurious transportation at low cost. Built on a 107--inch wheelbase--4 _ click--of--the--heel acceleration--the inches longer than before--the Big-- ability to maintain 50, 55 and 60 ger and Better Chevrolet is impres-- miles an hour without the slightest sively large, low and racy. Its new sense of forcing or fatigue--the Fisher Bodies are finished in new . safety of four--wheel brakes--the holsteries and handsome appoint froma ball bearing worm and 'gear ments. Its improved valve--inhead _ steering mechanism--and enmfart él f Milwaukee Ave. § C All prices £. o. b. Flint, Michigan . > % Check Chevrolet Delivered Prices 4# Besil eai L+" "Prices Reduced!" -- Gfreater ease of steering was made |has been added for more m Mobyadopduumbanueooung.udahoatolotherm worm and gear steering mechanism combine to make the Chevrolets for * including iball bearings in the stecering | 1928 the best performing, most efftie are !n:'e:}ed fowul_l's_-.ped steel leclveg fent end dependable machanical unit assembled under high pressure against |ever built by the company. Vacuum tamk feel suppiy. for Zconomical Transportation y 349 semi--elliptic shock absorber springs «----84% of the wheelbase. s Come in--see the car--and learn how Chevrolet has again electrified America by creating a bigger and better motor car and offering it at click--of--the--heel acceleration--the ability to maintain 50, 55 and 60 miles an hour without the slightest sense of forcing or fatigue--the safety of four--wheel brakes--the Utility Truck The imperial 4Wheel Brakes Automatic windshicld > * Semmi--Goating rear axile. shield on closed p h0 «4: WA bod 4g8 iif