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. W& t ol ir:.:m gfim s g " m: dres i> And m French [¥ 'pbuovmmmm'on- .n'nnenbu'lotpnflWt. . More @yer the president of the Onondagas, Miawatha, formed these five nations Armito 'the federal republic of Iroquois, "mand they admitted the Tuscaroras into #that "United States" which was creat-- ed to put an end to war. In the art of 'government we have not yet caught up i'u oo Liam se es 'mmnmfl with rich fish-- , ' had comfortable houses, and rtiied towns. In color they were outdoor Spaniards, a tall,. very some race, and every bit as able the whites. . Given: horses, hard for their tools, and some chan-- &:Mnnptomwnw age raldetrs, and they might well have This chapter must begin with a very queer tale of rivers as adventurers exploring for new channels. Millions of years ago the inland seas --Superiur, Michigan and Huron--had their overflow down the Ottawa wval-- ley, reaching the Saint Lawrence at the Island of Montreal. But, when the glaciers of the great lce age blocked the Ottawa valley, the three seas had to find anofher outlet, so they made a channel through the Chic go river, down the Des Plaines, and the "WHlinols, into the Mississippt. And whe1 the glaciers made, across that channel, an embankment which Is now the town site of Chicago, the three seas bad to explore for a new outlet. So they flled the basin bf Lake Erie, and poured over the edge of Queenstown Heights into Lake On« trrio The Iroquois called that fall the "Thunder of Waters," which in their language is Niagara. K All the vast region which was flood-- ed > tie fce--field of the great ice age ccame a forest, and every river turned by the ice out of its anglent channel Jecame a string of lakes and wat.. ills. This beautiful wilderness hNow let us see what manner of men were the Indians. At the summit of that age of glory--the Sixteenth cen-- tury--the world was ruled by the des-- pot Akbar the Magnificent at Deihi, the despot Ivan" tke Terrible. at Ao#-- cow, the despot Phillip II at Madrid, and a little lady despot, Elizabeth »f was the scene of tremendous adven-- tures, where the red Indians fought the white men, and the English fought the French, and the Americans fought the Canadians, until the continent was cut into equal halves, and there was peace. f * Yet at that time the people in the Baint Lawrence valley, the Mohawks, Oneidas, Senecas, Cayugas and, in the to teach their religion. _ 'Their' fArst visitor from Europe was acoues Cartier and they gave hbhim a - y welcome at Quebec. When his wore dying of gcurvyy an Indian cr cured them. But to show Hhis titude Oartier kidnaped the five chiefs, and ever after thnt.1 very brief intervals, the French reason to fear the Iroquois, Like another Indian nation, driven way from its .arms and fAsheries, the f Nation republic lapsed to savage I¥y, lved by hunting and robber3, rav-- J '"the white settlements and the khe! _ hbor tribes for food, outraged and f the dead, burned or even ate their prisoners.. == The French colonies were rather ; so all the best of the took to the fur trade. They wore «Jndian dress of long fringed deer-- ' €goon cap, embroidered moccasins, j '"m French sash like a rainbow. Whey lived like Indians, married among Athe tribes, fought in their wars; law-- Ress, gay, gallant, fierce adventurers, ¥ha.zogageurs of the rivers, the run-- j" ;af(»v,;. went monks into the «rllde Heroic¢," saintly Jesuita and M and some of the quaint-- Mgues in boly orders. And there . gentle reckless" explorers, & y to China, Of this. breed m Balle, whose folk were mer-- at Rouen, and himselt memy of the Jegults.: His i was the opening of trade with by way of the western rivers, P chaffing him, gave the La Ohine to his settlement and come more civilited than the French, th fleets to attack old Europe, and Copy righyby Bobbs--Merrill Company Today the railway trains riing 'by, with londs 'of tea to ship from Montreal, but # i' '.' ' ' 'l THE VOYAGEURS France. e io Rororares the onl he the Ohlo branch wateors of the -- The Indians told him of ?"'"'&?'"' 4 later tradet ;flxmms c SAr,. ths 'Bo in Aihe and the Atlantlic, lwith m base at the mouth of the Mis-- 'sissippl! for raiding. the --Spanish In-- 'gies, And a trade route across the west-- 'ern sea to China, All this he told to ; flanut -- Weantanam.. tha naeur -- envannie umr seas--Machilli--Mackinac--the Jesult . headquarters.. Being a good-- patured man bearing no malice, it was with a certain pomp of drums, flags and guns that be © saluted the fort, quite forgetting that he came as a trespasser into the -- Jesult migsion. Leaving the Jesuit miJssion an enemy in his rear, La Salle built a fort at the southern end of.Lake Michigan, sent off his ship for supplies, and en-- tered ~the ~unknown : wilderness. ~As winter--closed down he came with 33 ,.In éight birchbark canoces to the m:olu nation on The River Illinois, ; 'Meanwhile messengers followed to Taise the IMinols tribes for war against us.u'.touumb;mm to persuade hbis men to Ges La *Salle put, & rising of the Illinots to' shame, 'ate three dishes of polsons without impairing his very sound di-- gestion, and made his men too busy for revolt ; building Fort--Brokenheart, and a third ship for the voyage down the Mississippi to the Spanigh Indies. 'Then came the second storm of trou-- ble, news 'that his relief ship &om' France was cast away, his fort at Frontenac was selzed for debt, and his supply vessel on the upper lakes wus lost. He must go to Canada, . ~~The third storm was still to come, the revenge of the English for the cut-- ting of their fur trade at Fort Fronte-- nac. They® armed five hundred Iro-- quois to massacre the Illinois who had befriended him in the wilderness, " At Fort Brokenbeart La Salle had a. "Priest ~named Hennepin. With two voyageurs Pere Hennepin was sent to explore the river down to the Missis-- 'sippl, aud there the three Frenchmen werecaptured by the Siour. ~ Their captors took thenr by canoe up the thony, so namedby Hennepin.' Thence 'they were driven afoot to the winter . villages of the tribe. Hennepin being ~alow afoot, they mended his pace by ~setting m_mmf afire behind him. Likewise they anointed him with wild-- "ent fateto give hiin the agility of that animal, Still he was never popular, and in the end the three wanderers were turned loose. -- Many were their vagabond adventures before they met . the explorer Greysolon Du Luth, who took them back with him to Canada. the Appalachians and the Atlantic, ywith m base at.the mouth of the Mis---- Peierepumess w tds n 'ern &. All this he told to mcugw the worth of the gdventure.-- Fronte' gmh'mnmm'(m& Fort Frontenac at outlet of Lake Ontario. : Ffom here he cut the trade routes of the West, so that--no furs would ever reach the French traders of Montreal: or the English of New York,. The governor had not come to Canada for his health. -- La Salle*was penniless, but his mind went far beyond this petty: trading; he charmed away the. dangers from hostile tribhes; his heroic record won N-hlp_z?l'r'cc. Within a year he began adventure of the Missis Journey was a miracle of courage acrogs the unexplored woods to Lake "Erie; and on to Frontenac. There La Balle heard that the moment his back --was turned Ahis garrison had looted and burned Fort Brokenheart; but he caught these deserters as they attempt-- ed to pass Fort Frontenac, and left Every man has power to make of his --mind an empire or a desert. At this time® Lou!s the Great was master of Europe, La Saile a broken adventurer, but it was th& king's mind which was a desert, compared with the imperial brain "of this haughty, silent, manful ploneer. The creditors forgot that Ke owed them money, the governor caught fire from his enthusiasm, and La Salle went back equipped for his gigantiec venture in the West. The ofticer he had left in chargeo at Fort Brokenheart was an Itallan gen-- tieman by the name of Touty, son of the man who invented the tontine life insurance. He was a veteran soidier whose left hand, blown off, had been replaced with an iron fAst, which the Indians found to be stromg medicine. One clout on the head sufficed for, the fiercest warrior. When his gar-- rison sacked the fort and boited, he bad two fighting men left, and two priests.. They--all sought refuge in' the camp of the TIilinois. he began hifs adventure of the Missizs-- sippl by buying: out' Fott Frontenac as his bhso" camp. ~Here ho' built a ship, Andthough she was wrecked he saved--stores epough to cross the Ni-- agara heights, and build a second ves-- sel on Lake Erie. 'With the Griffin he. came to the meeting place of the three Meanwliile La Salle set out from Fort' Brokenheart in March, attended by a Mohegan hunter who loved him, and by four 'gallant Frepchmen. Their dreamed of a Frénch ewhire "Inp the Presently this pack of curs had news that La Salle was l?nlng an army of Iroquois to their *destruction, so Instead of preparing for defense they proposed to murder Tofity and his Frenchmen, until the magic of his lron fAst quite naitered their point of view. Bure ,enough .the Iroquois arrived in as -tr-?"n-t out to Aght. | Then through wldst of 'th6 battle Ton-- ty walked.Into the enemy's lines. He ordered the Iroquois to go home and behave themselves, and told such falry talos about the strength of his curs And his cutr pack on their knees in tears of gratitude,. Again he went to the Troquois, this time with stiff terms If they wanted peace, but un Minois envoy gave hbis game away, with such extravagant bribes and pleas Tor morcy that the Iroquois laughed at 'Tonty, They burned the 1llinois town, dug up their graveyard, chased the Aying nation, butchered the aban-- doned women and children, and hant-- ed the cur pack acrous the Missizsippl, Tonty and his Fronchmen made theit way to their nearest friendsa, the Pot-- mwattomios, to awailt La Sallo's re that J Lo Balod returned,. Lo found _4..'_' ! ¥ CX m the name of the most high, lls:" Invincible and victorious Prince S the Great, by the Grace of God, King of France and of Navarre," on the nineteenth of April 1682, La m anneted the valley of the. ippl from the Rocky mountains to the Ap-- palachians, from the lakes to the gulf, and named that empire Louisiana, . _-- As to the fate of this great explor--. er, murdered in the wilderness by fol-- lowers he disdained to freat as com-- rades, "his enemies were more in ear* nest than his frienc ;' There are vory few pirates left. 'The Riff: Moors--of Gibraltar straits with-- in 'recent years have been known to grab a wind--bound chip when they got the chance; the Arabs of the Red sea have taken stranded steamers; Chinese practitioners <shipped as pas-- sengers, .will rise in the night, cut their stronghold. 'When Tonty joined him, for once this~iron man showed he had a heart," * j So, after all, La Salle led an exped! tion down the whole length of the, Mississippl. He vo-tbt;hldlflp' of every tribe he met, bound them to French allegiance, and at the end erect-- ed ~the standard of . France on the quols. 'The scattered Illinoisz returned to their abandened. homes, tribes came from far and wide to join the colony. and in the midst, upon Starved Rock, over, some little retail business is done by the Malays round. Singapore, but trade as a whole is slack. | It was very different in the Seven-- teenth and Righteenth centuries when the Sailee Fovers, the Algerian cor-- sairs, buccaneers of the West. Indies, the Malays and the Chinese put pirate feets to seato prey on great: com--« merce, when Blackbeard, Captain Kidd, Bartholomew, Roberts, Lafitte, Avery and a hundred other corsairs under the Jolly Roger could seize tall ships and. make their unwilling seamen walk the plank. They and their merry men went mostly to the gallows, rich-- Iy deserved the same, and yet--well, land, for the Spanish #ervice. ":Z skipper ~ was mightily : addicted -- to puauch, and too drunk to object when "1'&" conspiring with--the--men, made bold--to seize the ship. 'Then he went down stairs to wake the captain, who, in a sudden fright, asked, "What's the mattér?" . "Oh, nothing," said Avery. The skipper gobbled at him. ~~"But komething's the matter," he. cried. "Does she drive? 'What weather is it?" "No, no," answered Avery, "we're at sea." "At sea!l-- How can that be?" PCome," says Avery, "don't be in a fright, but put on your clothes, and I'll let you into the secret--and if you'll turn sober and mind: your busi-- ness perhaps, in time, I 'may make you one of my lieutenants, If not, here's a boat alongside, and you shall be set ashore." The skipper, still in a fright, was set ashore, together with such of the men as were honest. 'Then Avery sailed away to seek his fortune. : On the coast*"of Madagascar, lying in a bay, two sloopse were found, whose ship o6f war and being rogues, having stolen these vessels to go pirating, they filed with rueful faces into the wooads, Of course they were fright-- fully pleased when they found out that they were not going to be hanged just yet, and delighted when Captain Anryukadtha-ton:l'rhhco- pany, 'They could Ay at game now, with this big ship for a consort. > Now, as it happened, the Great Mo-- gul, emperor of MHindustan, was send-- mmaum'm.mm Inue to make pligrimage to Mecca and worship at the holy places of Mahomet, The lady sailed in a ship with chests i ufuey portnd sfnaciy Tt the teble, journey, golden vessels for the table, tured . and His fort was & mm'fhwmmu mm-.' m"umn:'b.: man or i 'as time La Salle 1 that immense jour-- ney to the se and coming to Lake rallied the whole of the native tribes in one strong league, a red Indian--eolooy and with himself gifts for the shrines, an escort of princes covered with jJewels, troops, servants, slaves and: a band to :_t-v tunes with no music, after the manner, And it was their serious mis-- fortune to meet with Captain Avery outside the mouth of the Indus, Ar-- ery's sloop, being yoery swift,.got the prize, and stripped her of everything worth taking, before they let her go. It shocked Avery to think of all that treasure in the sloops vhu&: might get lost; zo presently, as t sailed in consort, he lavited the cAm tains of the sloops to use the big ship as their strong room, 'They put their dull, +4 There were so many pirates one hardly knows which to deal with, but Avery was such a mtm rogue, and there is guch a nice contf 6 ----well, here goos!" m%mm;x ship Duke, forty--fout guns, a merchant by hundreds had 'been: outraged, tom watched close, tor fear of h mmumwhug Avery misiaid both and } wltllllthl". two C"i"' of mmgmwm MMM'.} Ayery made to the New England colonies, where he imade a division of the plunder, handing the gold to the men, but privily keeping all: the dlamonds for himsclt.-- The sailors korttered out through the American settliements And the British Isies, mod-- edtly changing their names. Mr., Avery went home to Bristol, where We found some honest merchants to sell his dia-- monds, and lend him a.smaill sum on account.. When, however, he called on ® THE PIRATES The two parties, both in'search of & peaceful and simple life, made friends with the varions native princes,"who were glad of white men to 'Assist in ~the butchering of adjacent tribes. Two or three pirates at the head of an ats tacking force would »put the boldest tribes to flight. Each pirate acquired his own harem of wives, his own horde _dof black: staves, his own plantations, fishery and hunting groundd, his king-- dom wherein he reigned --an absolute monarch. Jt a native said impudent words he was promptly shot, and any attack of the tribes on a white man was resented by the whole community .of pirate kings, Once the: negroés conspired for a general rising to wipe out their oppressors at one fell swoop, but the wife of a white man getting wind of the plot, ran twenty miles in three hours to alarm her lord. When the native forces arrived they were warmly recelyed. 'After that each of their lordships buillt a --fortress for his ~resting place with rampart and ditth 'Bet round with a labyrinth of thorny 'entanglements, -- so that 'the bhrefoot pative coming as a--stranger by night, --woods,; offering --to sell .their loyal--ne-- »gro subjects by hundreds inexehange _for tobacco and suits of sailor clothes, Aools, <powder,; and ball. They had now .beeh twenty--five years in --Mada gascar, and, what with: wars, acci« dents, sickness, there remained eleven sailor kings, all heartily bored with their royailty. -- Desvite the <attact, ments of their harem#, children and s@arms of grandchildren and depend-- ents, . they were sick for blue water, hungry for a--cruise. . Captain Woods dbserved that they got very triendly After that he kept their majesties at a distance, sending officers ashore to trade with them until he had com-- pleted his cargo of slaves, So he sailed, leaving eleven disconsolate pt-- rate kings in a mournful row on the tropic beach, and no <moro has ever transpired as to them or the frte of their kingdoms. Still, they had fared much better than Captain Avery with hi« treasure of royal diamon*"~~ --QOnce Colonel Inman, ans old frontiers-- man, bought a newspaper which bhad a full page picture of Kit Carson. 'The hero stood in a forest, a gigaritic fig-- ure in a buckskin su', heavily armed, embracing 'a réscued herpine, while at his feet sepra rled six sliain Indian braves, his latest victims. . "What do you think of this?t" said the calonel, handing the picture to a delicate little ~man, who wiped <his alarm which--roused the garrison. ~~Long years went by.. 'Their--majes» ties grew stout from high feeding and with hisg seamen, and learned that they were plotting to selze the ship, hoist the black flag, and betake them-- gelves' once --more to piracy on He stood fire feet six, and looked mn.mmmm-.m&nm boys of all the world think this mighty frontlersman as \glant, -- At seventeen ho# was a remarkably green and innocent boy for his years, his home a log cnbin on the Migsouri frontlgr. -- Past the door ran the trail to the west where--trappers woent by in buckskin, traders among the Indians, and sotdlers Lor the savage wars of Here they met with another party of Engiish pirates who were 'also pent-- tent, having just' plundered a large ~m$m-uau ship at 'the mouth of the sea. 'Their dividend was three thousand pounds a man. aldthv.w_q': resoived stead of going home to be hanged. @Spectacies, utudied the work "-&:'i and replied in a-- gentle drawl, may be true, but I hain't got no recol-- lection of it." And so Kit * .rson handed the picture back. > ~» _ skins of wild beasts, reigning each in his kingdom with a deal of dirty state and royalty, ~ . We left two sloops full of pirates mourning over the total depravity of Captain Avery, Sorely repenting his sing, they resolved to »amend their liven and nee . what: they. could--steal in Madagascar. Landing on that great taking their plentiful supply of guns princess, a reigning sovereign, with a pirate fieet of his own--at the very time be was dying of want at Bide-- Bo Captain Woods found them when he--went in the ship Delicia, to buy slaves. ~At the sight of hig forty--gun ghip they hid themselves in the woods, very suspicious, but presently learned said, of him or his diamonds, but would give him to the justices as a pirate unless he shut hfs-- mouth, He went away and died of grief at RBideford in Devon, learing no money @ven to pay for his cofin. n Meanwhile the Qreat Mogu! --at Del-- hi was making such 'Azumal lamento-- tlons about the robbery-- of his daugh-- ter's diamonds that the news of Avery's riches spread to to Te < }::'. f i and ask him for an escort of troops !mmmzmmqentmd 'um« Kit, who was hard up, g!.d1j ' nocepted the cash, and rode to Bent 'fm, There ho i: 1 news that the Utes wére on the war path, but Mr. 'MNMMNMWW ! tho stables. ~Kit. walked, leading the \ horse by the tein, to have him perfect | 1y trosh In@five (nere was"need for lm ":fd ;' the On"vnm I ahe . f On another hurit, chasing a cow bi-- son downh a steep hill, be fire« just as the animal 'took a fiying leap, so that the carcass fell, not to the ground, "htmlkodonamnadnr.momv dlans persvuaded him to leave cow impaled upon a ti-o-toyboc;un it .ublcnuk;bmumvhodo not know the shrubs of the sbuthwest-- ern desert, it must sound 'ike--a frst-- In the-- following-- year Carson was serving as hunter to a Caravan west-- z:a Captain 'Cooke in camp, with squadrons of United Staten Gay-- alty. .The capthin told him--that fol-- lowing on the trail was @ caravan be-- tonging to a wealthy Mexican and--so richly loaded that a-- hundred riders 'had been hire : as guards. -- i ;;";;.'7 "v'l' out buffalo hunting, / wolves mneaking about, one of. them quite close to us. ~Gordon, one Of my men, wanted:to fire his rifie--at it, but I would not let him for fear he would bit a dog. I admit--that I had a sort of fdea that these wolves might be Indians; but 'when I noticed one of them turn short around and heard the clashing of his teeth as t mished at one of the dogs, 1 felt easy. then, and was certain that they were wolves sure enough. But the red devil foolgd me after wll, for he had two. dried buffalo bones in his hands under the wolt--skin and he rattled them' together every time 'he turhed to make a dash at the dogs! Well, by and by we. all dozed off, and it wasn't long before I was suddeniy aroused by a nolse and a big blaze. I--rushed out the frst thing for our mules and held them. If the savages had been at all smart, they could have kiHed us in a trice, but they ran as soon as they fired at vrs. They killed one of my men, put-- ting five shots in his body and eight in his buffailo robe. The Indians were & band of snakes, and found us by sheer accident. The, endeavored to ambush us the next morning, but we got wind of their fittle--game and killed three of the 1, including the chief." . > . . Once he was out hunting with six oth, ers and they made their camp tired At 'midnight" of the second d;;g: teen miles, then Into bad frouble fording Pawnge fork--while the-- Indians poured lead and arrows into. the teamas until the colonel and Kit Carson 4ed a terrific charge which dispersed the shot, and I don't beli¢eve the mule ever kicked after he was hit!" _ . -- At daylight . the Pawnees attacked In earnest and the fight lasted nearly three days, the mule feams being whut in the corral without food or wiater, enemy.--.'The fight. cost the train four killed and seven wounded.© : It was during this first trip that Car-- son sayed the life of a . wdunded team-- ster by cutting off hbis arm,; . With a razor he 'cut the fiesh, with a saw got through the bone, and .ith a white hot king--boit seared the wourd, stop-- pibg the flow of blood. _ camp, Tar up among, the mountajns, Fremont sat for hours reading some letters" JjJust arrived from 'home, then fell asleep to dream of his young wife. Presently a soft sound, rather Hke the blow of an ax, made K.t start broad awake, to find Indians in camp.-- They fied, but two of the white imen were Iying dead in their blankets, and the nolse ; at awakened Carson was the blow of a tomahawk braining his own chum, a¢ voyageur, La Jeunesse. rtass, which I thought was an Indian, f pulled the trigger; it was a center horse, stepping into a prairie dog hole, shot Kit some fifteen feet through the ailr. Isstead of Kit hunting bison, Mr. Buffalo hunted Kit, who ran for all he was worth. So they cane to the Ar-- kansas river where Kit dived while the bison stayed on the bank to hook him whri he landed, But while the bison gave Kit a swimming lesson, one of the hunters mace an unfair at-- tack from behind, killing the animal. Bo Kit crav'ed out and skinnedhis --It was in his eight years as hunter for Bent's fort that-- Kit learned<to know the Indians,--visiting their campas to smoke with the chiefs and play with the little boys.-- When the Sioux natlon invaded 'Comanche,.and_ Arpp-- ahoa>hunting-- igrounds he persuaded them to go north, and so averted war. In 1842 when, he was scout to Frte mont, he went. buffalo hunting to get meat for the command. -- One gayhe was cutting up a' beast newly killed when he left --his work in pursuit of a large bull that came rushing past him, His horse was too much blown %o"run well, and when at last he got-- near enough to fire, things began to happen .Ame of his great hunting feats was the killing of five buffaio with only four bullets. Being short of lead he had to cut out the ball} from number four, then cgatch up, and shoot num-- ber fAve. -- « + Presently the Mexican train came up and the -- majordomo -- offsred 'Oarson three hundred dollirs it 1 > would ride to the Mexican governor at Santa Fe any #ate, I was wide enough awake when the cry of 'Indians' was given by one Of the guard.. I had picketed my I stood, and I pregume he hb 501 lying down; all I remember is, tha mwmuxu-mbzhn was something rising up out of the ut buffailo hunting, : his message es an t 'was 'posted | 15 the porechor at Sente ¥e. agoAarad+ tat the rouk at «rider* but these had been to sleep leaping against the rocks; wp' e o o k "M l:'t.'!ndlnl'mmdh Wexans, only one escaping, who, dur-- ouotut;:qlurd. I had picketed my | ing the heat of the fight, caught a sad-- In One night as the epedition lay in py4»®T0 Ni l for scrape well 'Inside with a knife, and put on.as soon' &s dry, 'The saddles were of various fashions, though these and 'a large drove of horses, and a brass field gun, were things they had picked up about California. They are nllowodnouquor:thu."nodwpt.m much to do with their good conduct; and the 'Qiscipline, too, is very strict." One c these men was Kit Carson, sent off _ October to Washington on the Atisntic, three thousand miles away with news that California was eongquered for the United States, by a party of--~sixty men. In New Mexico, Kit met General Kearney, and told him that the Californians were a pack of cownards.© Ho the general sent back his troops, marching on wi** only one hundred dragoons. But the Cailfornl-- ans were not cowards, they had. risen against the American invaszion, they were fighting magnifi¢ently, and Fre-- wmnfiq.agndfimobumh comp the conquest, i 'It was during the California cam paign that: Carson made his famous rde, the. greatest feat of horseman-- ship the world has ever known.~ As a despatch ~rider, he made <his=© vay through the hostile tribes, and ter-- ride deserts from the Missourl to Cal-- lfornia and back, a total of four thou-- u.muducwmmvmm out on the return, he a party oft> Californian gentlemen on a trip up the coast from Los Anzeles to San Francisco. -- Two of the six men had a remount each, but four of them rode the six bundred miles without change of horses in 'kix days. Add that, and the. return to Kit Carson's journey, and it makes a tofal of five thousand, six hundred miles,-- Bo, for distance, he beats world records by one hun-- dred miles, at a speed beyond all com-- parison, and {n face of dificulties past all paraliel, rode abhead--a spare, active--looking man, with such an eye! <CHe was dressed in. a blouse and leggings and wore & felt hat,. -- After him came five Delaware Indians, who were his body-- guard and have been with him through all his wanderings ; they had charge of the baggage h 'rses.-- * e rest, many of them biacker than the Indians, rode two and two, the rifi¢é held in one hand across the pommel of the saddle. Thir-- ty--nine of them are his regular men, the rest are--loafers picked up lately; his originak men are principally back-- wmmmmugt,mm in io " * e malk of «he Missouri.----.=. , ~The dress of these men was principally a long loose goat of deerskin,.tied with thongs in backs,.the caravan trade on the Santa ¥e trail was never du!l for a moment. -- During these years one "Ands Kit CUarson's tracks all over the. Woest about as hard to follow ns t. .e of a fiesa in a blanket, : f 1846. .. "A cloud of dust appeared Mm_xu,aloufle.w country owned by the United States, at intervals between the Mexican re volta, --when Kit settled down as a rancher. ."The words "settled down," m'tb»meduneaowot ' wmm«u and «pent the rest of time -- fighting The retreat of the savages was far awny in the mountains, and well fort!-- fRed, The only chance of saving the women and children was to rush this place: before . there..was time to -- Ki mm.CmWh'lfll ,"'m_.nn:aum«mg For some of us old western repro bates who were cow hands, despising a sheep man more than anything else nimlthvthd&m' that Carso went into that -- business. He became a partner of his lifelong friend, Maxwel!, whose rancho in New Mexlco was very like a castle of the Middle.ages, The dinner service was bedded 'dowh with a cowhide on the Apaches, the most ferocious of all r«y-- Near Sant Fe, lHved Mr,. White and his son who fell in defense of their ranch, haviny kllled three-- Apaches, while the women and children of the household met with--a much worse fate thai That: of death, The settlers re fused * march in pursult until Car-- gon 'Arrived, but by mistike he was m.lvqnco-nu'd.nnncimhnv- Ing beon chosen as leader, eak TE 0 co t i7 dhe Apmther: and as ther rumet by . the : (and as ht Pode, throwing himseir on the off side. 8f his horse, aimst doncealed nock, Bix av--»wa atruck his horse, and one halle! :!s.iged in his cont befors he us out of range. He cursed his Mexicans, > put them to ahame, ho ©porsuaded theis, to fight, then led a gallant charge, kikking fAve Indians ag--they fled. 'The dolay had given them time to murder the wou-- en and chi--dren, f > ie the : governor-- ~Armijo---- his reply for Carson to carry to the caravan. . He said he was march-- Ing with a large force, and ho did so. But when the sursivor of the lost hundred rode into Armijo's camp 'with hils bad news, the whole outAt rolled their 'tails for »nome, Carsop, with the governor's letter, and thb news of plentiful trouble. Once, after his camp had been--at-- tacked by Indians, Carsoa dinesrstod that the mgfim'eocl'nn'nhm because he was asleep. The Ind'an in wiee e mer oiy te psertne Here, tor example, is a description Af 00-- ol E';'fl. ';gfiw Nok ie s o9 100. oi m" Pa' %m E- 3 ':" w# Th O Wl , ramBaesno c o C se 4 n *m.zim'MT" ds heng c Lk it Colonel Inman tells of nights at Max-- wel¥s rancin., "Lhave sat there," he writes, "In the long winter evenings when the great room was lighted only by the crackling logs, roaring up the huge throats® of its two frepiaces ~ o. . . watching Maxwell, Kit Car-- son and half a dozen chiefs silently interchange . ideas~ in the --wonderful sign language, uhtil the glimmer of Aurora announced the advent of an-- other day. "But not a sound had been uttered during the protracted hours, save an occasional grunt of satisfac-- tion on the part of the Indians, or when we white men exchanged a sep-- Wahted Information. * Scnator Francis E. Warren of Wyo ming, chairman of the senate commit-- tee on appropriattons, is serious--mind-- ed. Ho seldons tells a story, His pot one Is this : *"@éveral years ago one of the committees of which I was a mam-- ber® bad under ' consideration Indian heirahip 'cases. 'Particulars about them were' stated" clearly and fully in the book of estithates and all that we hnd «lo,'vdhblu'n-z'm-by,m-. One senator, who must vamnu gathering. spoke up: 'Mr, an,. %. his caravan, he walked, alone into the counell lodge, . 8o many yearswere passed since the Cheyennes had seen him that he was not recognized, and nobody. suspected that he knew their Ianguage, until he made a speech in Cheyenne, introducing himself, recall« Ing: ancient --friendships, oftering all courtesies.. As to their special plan for killing the leader of the caravan, and taking his scaip, claimed that he might . '}flmhflfl the point;. Th Kit to encour-- age his. men, the Indians to waylay In one mord campaign Colonel Car-- zon was officer commanding and gave a terrible thrgshing to the Cheyennes, Kiowas and.,Comanches. -- > Then came the end, during a visit to a son of his who lired in Colorado, Early in the morning of May 23, 1808, be was mounting his horse when an arterz; broke in his neck, and with-- in a few moments he was dead. But before we part with the fron-- tier hero, it is pleasant to. think of the caravan ; but from the night camp he despatched a Mexican boy. to ride three hundred miles for succor. When the Cheyennes charged the camp at dawn, he ordered them~to hall, and walked into the midst of them, explain-- ing the message he had sent, and what their fate would be if the troops found they hademolested them,. \When the Indians fould the tracks that proved Kit's words, they knew they had busi-- ness elsewbere. l It--rolled against their terrific sarid-- rock desert, The lan; is one of un-- earthly grandeur where nmatural rocks take 'the shapes of cowers, temples, palnces and Tortresses of mountain-- ous height blazing scarlet in color, In one part a wuvre of rock like a sem breaker ong. hundred fAfty feet hish and one hundred miles in length curls overhanging as though the rushing him still as a Yving man whose life is 'an Inspiration and his manhood an strong military foree to chasten the hearts of the Navajo nation.: 'They fract prismatie light like a colossal rainbow, and to the--west . the walls of the Navajo country drop & sheer mile into the stupendous labyrinth of the Grand Canyon, Such js the country of a race of warriors who ride naked, still armed with bow and arrows, their harness of Hliyer and turquoise, . . . They are handsome, cleanly, proud the flocks and herds tended by women The. conquest was a necessity, and it was.well that this was entrusted to gentle, just, ~wise, heroic Carson. ~He was 'obliged to destroy their homes, to fell their peach trees, lay waste their crawled b'fi-o'&flgwm ftor 4 mercy, but governor had no mercy, ------ and long after Carson's death, the --| lmmcspotmlnvrel'ollel(lllti:omwln.'~':§ Redondo.. A fourth part of them dieg of want;--And Abeir spirit was utterly *! broken before they were given back .: had . never--been uered, and "the muwlmw-vm"u gray waters had been suddenly struck into ice. On one side lies the hollow betide --the-- degsert ~springs, and--their vilinges~ are set in native orchards, vhile beyond their settlements graze crops, and sweep away their stock, starving them~tc surrender. He herd-- ed eleven thousand prisoners down to dress Ot n squasn, ° + We must pass by ~of u-unl'u.c dohfix-' ied troops on the march, Hogged ab Indian chief, the result being war. Carsoh was the Arst white:man to pass,.and while the chiefs were ~deciding how cto attack wish you would expiain u"\mc In the world Indians have to with Airahips.' * % e 1t a man sapouks o aubura lock® when a girl has red hnir she knows he has postry--In bls souls ~._ _ > .0 .. now actually have a printing onutft on board them and publish a newspaper on the voyage. Kauch day before the sailing hour the latest newn of the world, political, financial and general, is rushed to the editor, During. the flight news in. sent out by wirglous. from London and Paris at regular In-- tervals, uo that the asrial editor is in Instant touch with affalis,~ The news. is prepared, set up, and the paper printed during the aeroplane's flight. The, editions are delivéred to tha towns over which the airplane files by means of parachutes,. The aerial newspaper econtains stock quotations, special foa-- tures and nows in general. Aoro NewspaAper. The airplanes carrying mail and pas-- l o d . S tenaine Singd was sent «with a $ sns¥ % N4 ies w 5. 44 «typ ) # i1}