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Page Four THE COLBORNE EXPRESS, THURSDAY, AUGUST 12th, 1948 SHEEP, LIVESTOCK MOVE IsOIL SURVEYS AID BY FOOT IN AUSTRALIA FARM PLANNING More than half of the land of Australia is devoted to pasture of various kinds. Over this vast area the grass, clovers and drought resistant shrubs in the driest sections furnish almost the total food requirements of nearly 100,000,000 sheep and close to 14,000,000 dairy and beef cattle. The protection of these pastures is, therefore, of greatest importance. In the state of New South Wales for instance, where nearly half of Australia's sheep and lambs, more than a quarter of the dairy cattle, and a fifth of the beef cattle are located. Pasture protection Boards have been operating for over 50 years under the State Pasture Protection Act. There are 58 pasture protection districts, with 59 Boards, representative of the livestock owners and closely linked with the State Department of Agriculture through a Council of Advice. Each Board has at least three permanent employees: the Secretary, the Stock Inspector and the Rabbit Inspector. The Boards are responsible for the inspection of stock at sales-yards end slaughterhouses: supervision of the destruction of rabbits; control of dingoes (wild dogs); administration of the Noxious Insects Act; including the supplying of grasshopper poison bait to landowners; and the administration of 45,000 Travelling Stock Reserves and 1,000 Public Watering Places. Millions of sheep and thousands of cattle are moved on foot for daughter, and from place to place in New South Wales and also to other States each year. To facilitate this movement certain highways are designated as Travelling Stock Routes. With a right of way at times several hundred feet in width, these Routes are well provided with public watering places and travelling stock reserves where sheep and lambs and cattle may feed, rest or camp for the night. The funds to maintain the watering places and food reserves ire obtained by a charge on the stock for the facilities, used. The movements are almost entirely conducted by professional drovers. Sometimes one drover with his wife and possibly one other helper will take 5,000 head of sheep for distances of 500 miles, perhaps selling some of the animals en route, and travelling five or six miles a day! The drover's equipment might consist of a horse drawn vehicle loaded with food and sleeping equipment, saddle horses and a number of sheep dogs. With the increasing movement of stock by motor truck, this movement on foot is gradually decreasing, and perhaps in a mechanically inclined age, this picturesque sight may some day be entirely missing from the Australian country scene. Bits of Wisdom Some men have a thousand reasons why they can't do something, when all they need is one reason why they can. Built on what unites. Then we can vnite to build. To get teamwork, give it. Democracy does not depend on what I think about the country. It depends on whit I do about it. --Stelco The value of soil surveys to Canadian agriculture, both now and in the future, is discussed in an article in the May Agricultural Institute Review, contributed by P. C. Stobbe, who specializes in soil and agricultural engineering in the Division of Field Husbandry, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Sketching the early development of soil surveys in Canada from their initiation by the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, some 34 years ago, Mr. Stobbe points out that soil surveys are now carried on in all provinces through co-operation of provincial departments of agriculture, agricultural colleges and the Experimental Farm Service of the Dominion Department of Agriculture. The approximate area survey to date by all types of survey is about 214 million acres, of which about 135 million acres are occupied land and only 77 million acres are improved farm land, Most of the unoccupied land has been covered onlv by broad reconnaissance surveys to determine roughly its potentialities and to determine where most detailed work is justified. There are still about 35 million acres of occupied land and some 14 million acres of improved farm land which have not been covered by soil surveys of any kind, although some preliminary inspection trips have been made. Mr. Stobbe points out that soil surveys are not an end in themselves; their greatest contribution probably is in providing a basis for further investigation. They have aided greatly already in the establishment of soil-climate zones which are broadly associated with different types of farming, crop zoning and fertility requirements. The location of important agricultural developments, such as- irrigation and conservation projects, are based on soil surveys, and similarly, sub-marginal land which should be taken out of cultivation is determined through surveys. The establishment of areas suitable for production of special crops such as tobacco, apple orchards, sugar beets, fibre flax, and market garden crops, all owe much to the work of the soil surveyor. United Church, Colborne Rev. G. D. Campbell. Minister Sunday, August 15th-- 11.00 a.m.--Service in Old St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church. Subject--"The Leaven of the Pharisees." No Evening Service during August. Salem United Church 2.00 p.m.--Sunday School. Congregation invited to woaship with Colborne at 11.00 a.m. Trinity Church, Colborne Rev. R. E. Lemon, I Th., Rector Sunday, August 15th-- 10.00 a.m.--Church School 11.00 a.m.--Holy Communion and Sermon St. Peter's Church, Lakeport 3.00 p.m.--Service Old St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Colborne Rev. A. N. Reid, M. A., Minister Sunday, August 15th-- 11.00 a.m.--Service Rev. G. D. Campbell St. Paul's Church, Lakeport-- 9.45 a.m.--Service Baptist Church, Colborne Sunday, August 15th^ 2.00 p.m.--Sunday School. Anniversary Services-- 11.00 a.m. and 7.00 p.m. Rev. L. M. Smith, of Ottawa. Monday-- 8.00 p.m.--Young People's Meeting United Missionary Church, ■ Rev. A. C. Berry, Minister Sunday, August 15th-- 11.00 a.m.--Morning Worship 10.00: t.m.--Sunday School 7.00. p.m.--Exangelistic Service Wednesday-- 8.00p.m.--Prayer Meeting 8.00: p.m.--Young People's. Every two weeks. MACKINAY CLOTH HAS COLOURFUL HISTORY Possibly no cloth now made in Canada has a history as peculiarly Canadian as Mackinaw cloth, the colourful, rugged and almost weather-proof cloth that is favoured above all others by workers in the bush, miners, hunters and fishermen. Taking its name from Mackinac Island in Lake Huron, this cloth is thick, well-felted and well-napped. It is usflally woven in plaid or other colour combinations in weights up to 40 ounces to the yard. The story of Mackinaw cloth goes back to the war of 1812 when British forces captured the Island of Mackinac--The Gibraltar of Lake Huron--and held it to the end of the war. Blockaded by American forces, the garrison was forced to turn its supply of point blankets into outer garments. The make-shift coats of blanket cloth were so much warmer and more weather-proof than the standard issue greatcoats that their fame spread throughout the North. Point blankets had been used by traders since the earliest days of the Indian trade and were a common item of exchange for furs. Some of the first Canadian woollen mills adapted this cloth, now called Mackinaw cloth, for use in outer garments by making a closer weave and increasing the weight. At least one Canadian firm has been making Today, what was once a military expedient has become standard for the outdoors man. In lighter weights the cloth is used fo - sports garments. Export of the cloth to the United States is not possible because of high U.S. tariff rates but many a U.S. tourist and sportsman carries home a Mackinaw shirt or trousers at the end of his Canadian holiday Fire in farm buildings, caused by kerosene spilled from an over-turned lantern, can be guarded against by packing the oil fount with absorbent cotton. The cotton will soak up the kerosene so it will not spill if the lantern is upset. When filling the lantern, put in only as much kerosene as the cotton will absorb. CANADA FULFILLS 1947-48 WHEAT CONTRACT The terms of the Canada-United Kingdom wheat agreement for 1947-48 were fully carried out, with the last transactions to complete th" agreement concluded on July 27 between the Canadian Wheat Board and the United Kingdom Ministry of Food. Canada was able to carry ou' her side of the contract during a year when wheat supplies were limited, largely through the co-operation of producers of all those engaged in the handling and transportation of wheat from country elevators tc seaboard. In 12 months, the family of one moth can eat 100 pounds of wool. NEW WHEAT PRICES AND SUBSIDY ANNOUNCED On August 1 the Canadian Wheat Board increased its price of western wheat shipped to the United Kingdom under the Canada-United Kingdom wheat agreement from $1.55 to $2.00 per bushel for the crop year 1948-1949. Returns to producers for sales of western wheat on the domestic market will be on the same price basis as wheat sold to the United Kingdom. That is, producers selling to the domestic market will also receive $2.00 per bushel. These price adjustments do not effect the initial price received by producers in Western Canada on de liveries of wheat at country elevators. Producers in the western - division will continue to receive the present initial price of $1.55 per bushed, and they will of course share in any surplus accumulated by the Canadian Wheat Board during the five year pool period from August 1, 1945, to July 31, 1950. The price of flour and bread to Canadian consumers should not be affected by t his increase in the domestic price of wheat. As a subsidy to consumers in Canada, the Canadian Wheat Board will refund 45 cents per bushel on sales of western wheat to millers and other processors of wheat for human consumption ir> Canada. This subsidy is to be continued until further notice. CANADIAN SHEETS RANK HIGH "A Survey of Sheeting on the Canadian Market" was carried.out somo time ago by the Department of Household Science, University of Toronto "with a view to obtaining information that might be of assistance to the buying public." It contains interesting information on comparative qualities and prices. Three Canadian mills supplied J36 samples of sheeting representing all brands manufactured at that tinv 17 of these were unbleached. In au dition four Canadian and seven imported sheetings were bought at Toronto stores z.s representative of po,-ular choice, one Canadian sheeting was supplied by a hotel, and one Canadian and one imported sheeting by a university residence. While findings of the survey include considerable technical and semi-technical data the following excerpts are noted: "It was found that Canadian sheetings in general ha.< greater weight and strength than did American sheetings . . .That the imported sheetings are in general more FURTHER INCREASES IN RAYON AND NYLON PRODUCTION Two further expansion programs of vital interest to Canada's growing rayon and nylon industry were recently outlined by the companies concerned. Starting from almost nothing a quarter of a century ago this industry has develeoped to the extent that its plants in 38 comri ities across the Dominion provide full-time employment for more than 18,000 Canadians. Courtaulds (Canada) Limited expects to complete the new building and enlargements of present plants at Cornwall, Ont., early next year. Production will then be almost sufficient to fill the entire Canadian demand for vlsvose rayon filament yarns, and for staple fibre which at present is being imported in large quantities. Meanwhile Canadian Industries Limited has announced a plan expandits nylon plant at Kingston, Ont. This will treble present production of nylon staple fibre and boost output of filament yarn by 25 per cent. Demand for this staple has increased rapidly since it w: first produced in Canada early this I year. -■ I FATIGUE SLOWS I REACTIONS A large transport company found . that on the last lap of its Toronto-i Montreal run, its accident rate in-; creased appreciably. Drivers who i rated better than average were on this run but there was still too I many accidents from Cornwall c j Tests were made of the dirvers at | Toronto and zgain after they reached Cornwall. Result--Average reaction was found to be 35% lower than at the start of their trip Since then drivers have been instructed to < plete their turn at Cornwall, and accidents have fallen off. One application of five per cent DDT spray kills bedbugs and prevents their return for months. expensive than the domestic is vious and is a well known fact. That the quality of the domestic is in general equal to, and in some cases perior to imported sheetings of ilar type is not always realized. In only two cases of those studied were the imported sheetings found to be superior to the domestic . Also,, the eight imported sheetings were more expensive than were those of Canadian manufacture." HANDS AT WORK.. . for ONTARIO OJVTAK.MO & products are desired and purchased by people all over the world and the capacity to produce such goods largely determines the economic welfare of every man, woman and child within her borders. Because the sale of every article produced in Ontario brings valuable dollars into this Province, we all are more assured of job security . . . and we and our children can have more of the better things in life. To produce such goods in sufficient quantities, skilled labour is vital. That is why every single one of us should be glad that war veterans are constantly being trained to provide the skilled hands so needed by Ontario industry. They receive ON THE JOB training under expert instructors in our Ontario factories. This training, provided through the co-operation of the Department of Veterans' Affairs, the Federal Department of Labour and the Ontario Department of Education, starts veterans on the road to skilled craftsmanship. Taught to use their hands in such jobs as routing, etching, stripping, burnishing and finishing, they will eventually become photo engraving craftsmen. Because of the increasing importance of this trade, every effort of these newly-skilled workers helps to make Ontario a'finer place in which to live and contributes to the welfare and happiness of all her citizens. THE BREWING INDUSTRY (ONTARIO) R. C. Smith, 22, of Toronto, an R.C.A.F. veteran, is shown routing a plate in a large Toronto photo engraving plant. Duringtheirtraining,veterans are shifted from one job to another to familiarize them with all phases of photo engraving. Many veterans subsequently obtain full time employment in the factories where they receive training. MEDICAL DR. F. R. PEMBER Office Hours: Tuesday--Thursday--Saturday 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 PJtf. Monday and Friday 2 to 4 P.M. Wednesday and Sunday Emergencies Only OPTOMETRISTS NORMAN E. EDWARDS, R.O. G. S. WONNACOTT, R.O. OPTOMETRISTS McCarthy Theatre Building, Bellevilk Phone 185 Office Hours : 10 - 12 and 2 - 6 Wednesdays: 10-12 VETERINARY JOHN BEST, D.V.M. Veterinary Surgeon COLBORNE Summer Residence at Victoria Beacfe Phone: Colborne 70-r-5 T. W. HAWKE, D.V.M. Veterinary Surgeon COBOURG Division St. Ont. Phone 20< i. D. HALL, Barrister, Solicitor, Notary Public, etc. Office and: residence King Street, Colborne Ontario. EDWIN HOWELL BARRISTER, SOLICITOR, ETC. NOTARY PUBLIC Park and Toronto Sts., COLBORNE Telephone 88 m3-4£ INSURANCE W. W. D. McGLENNON (Successor to G. E. &. Wilson) GENERAL INSURANCE HEAL ESTATE CONVEYANCING ISSUER OF MARRIAGE LICENSES' BRUNSWICK BLOCK Colborne PHONE 20 Ontario. WILLIAM J. TROOP JR. Phone 114J, Colborne Auto -- Fire -- Plate Glass Burglary--Liability, Etc Farm Risks written in Hamilton Township Farmers' Mutual Representing NORTH AMERICAN LIFE DECORATING INTERIOR and EXTERIOR DECORATING -- PLASTERING Free Estimates Reasonable Prices ALL WORK GUARANTEED G. I. VanSLYKE Phone 219w Brigl.ton The Veteran AUCTIONEERS S. E. ROBINSON Colborne - Ontario EXPERIENCED GENERAL AUCTIONEER AND REAL ESTATE BROKER •sies of Any Kind -- Large or Small Conducted Anywhere -owest Rates for Guaranteed Service List Your Properties with S. E. Robinson, Phone 78-r-23 OSCAR C. MORGAN uicvioneer and Real Estate Broke; BRIGHTON Several good farms for sale; also some valuable town property '. O. Box 288. Phone 245 38-6ns CHIROPRACTOR a. T. SCOTT, F.C., Chiropractor and Drugless Therapist. Phone 100. P. O. Box 178, Front St., Campbellford, Ont. Honorary Fellow of the International College of Chiropractic, Inc. Colborne hours: Friday 6 to 8 p.m. at Brunswick Hotel, UNERAL DIRECTORS E. QUINN FUNERAL DIRECTOR Colborne - - - - Ontario -ay or Night Calls Promptly Attended MOTOR HEARSE >bonne 111 - - - Colborne, Ontario J. M. BLACKLOCK Grafton MOTOR HEARSE IN CONNECTION Oay or Night Calls Promptly Attended PHONE 38, GRAFTON BRUNSWICK HOTEL Colborne first-Class Meals and Accommodation Give us a call when in Colborne LT.-COL. J. F. WOLFRAIM, Prop. BUILDING MATERIAL Rough and Dressed Lumber, Flooring, Clapboards, etc CUSTOM SAWING W. W. MUTTON Europe was the cradle of our culture. Help to restore their intellectual life by giving, NOW to the Canadian Appea* for Children.