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TtfE COLBORNE EXPRESS. COLBORN1 f THURSDAY, JANUARY 26, 1928 "ROOM 40" YIELDS ITS WAR SECRETS How- British Radio Decoders Intercepted German Orders Learning U-Boat Locations and the Time the Fleet Would Issue Forth By Clair Price. Loudon.--Now we know. At last we wave length of 400 meters; intercept-can be told. A few nights ago Sir Al- . ing their messages was merely a mat-fred Ewing, who has been Vice Chan- j ter of tuning down to their wave cellor of Edinburgh University since i length. Any operator could have done 1917, revealed to an Edinburgh audi- ! it if his other work had permitted, but ence what he described as the Ad- j all he would have got would have miralty's best-kept war secret. ery day that the war began in 1914, he said, Admiral Sir Henry Oliver, then Director of Naval Intelligence, gave him a handful of German wireless messages picked up by the radio station on the roof of the Admiralty building in London and asked him what he could make of them. The result was the creation, under Sir Alfred's direction, of the secret deciphering staff, which occupied "Room 40" at the Admiralty and whose existence was kept so secret that it was always referred to simply as "Room 40." Consider what the air was like during the war. There were no civilian mervges. The air was used for war messages only and was so congested that no transmitting set was used at sea without the captain's permission. The average radio room at sea used to pick up about 400 messages a week, eending perhaps three messages in the same period. Of these 400 messages .about 60 per cent, used to be been the jumbled letters of What Sir Alfred Ewing now reveals is that the Admiralty sot up receiving stations for the express purpose of picking up enemy messages and telegraphing them to "Room 40" in London to be deciphered. He says: "Numerous receiving stations were set up at which the fleet signals, submarine orders and other wireless messages of the enemy were systematically taken in and from which they were telegraphed to the Admiralty to be deciphered. Out guessing the Submarines. "When the work had passed its initial stage, as many as 2,000 intercepted messages were often received and dealt with in the course of a single day. In this way a close and constant watch was kept cn the German fleet and information was obtained beforehand of their prospective movements. Thus it was, forexample, that the Admiralty knew on the day be- ercepted position and operating j fore a battle of the Dogger Bank what German ships the former being, for ample, trawler 456 advising Devon- wJat" time port dockyard via Lands End that it where they was in position so much north and »" much west, 10 miles from Eddysti Light, time group "1230' ter being Davenport telling trawleri German headquarters to the ships 450 via Lands End to go and chase j concerned. It was obtained in good butterflies off Yaaka Hula Light, time _ Ume for th0 AdmiraUy to arrange for group "0132." ! suitable counter-measures, and when of this sort always went i thg batUe of the Dogger Bank began to the communication room to be de- , the watchers ln the Admiralty, decoded, but only those involving posl- , ciphering every gig^ followed it in ticns near the ship or the shipii a„ Ug phases from beginning to end. ♦ 0UJ)S0 UEC 1J;> '\\ hi'^-J, \\omiaPThis ! "Similarly the battle of Jutland was n ' ' r i ' , ..... i c' • • brought about in consequence of the was the common an >• I German signalling orders by wireless, tor cf the war zone. which, when deciphered in 'Room 40,' Source cf Warnings. | gavo sufncient indication of their in- Of the remaining 40 per cent, of tended plans. From December, 1914, m- - •:..-( picked up by the average j when the system of intercepting and ludio room at sea, 20 per cent, were deciphering enemy messages had be-war warnings broadcast in code at come effectively developed and the certain stated intervals by certain va,ious cipher keys had been dis-thore stations in Britain, France and COVered, the German fleet made no Italy. Of these also only those which movements that were not known in bore upon the ship's position or advance through the information they course were sent to the captain. These j unwittingly gave to the Admiralty by consisted almost entirely of the posi-jiheir own cipher signals. the war that they were obtained by "Besides intercepting naval signa^t^ J the use of direction-finders that en- | Sir Alfred continued, " 'Room 40' dealt a bled two shore stations to get a cut; successfully with much political ciph- > coming out, they were coming and were going. All this in-1 , formation was obtained from inter-e j cepted and deciphered German sig-; and the lat-! na,g by which orders were glTen from enemy transmitting set and \ er. The isolated position of Germany to determine its position at sea. I forced her to resort to wireless and ■ Alfred points out that the Ad- prevented frequent changes of the lty's use of directional wireless 'co(le books for confidential communi-h1 in many cases as a convenient j cation with correspondents abroad, milage to conceal the real source Among the many political messages ; war warnings. The real source, read was the notorious Zimmermann ivs, was the actual deciphering of , telegram, which was intercepted in reports and operation orders of the manner described in the third !> submarines, an unprecedented j volume of the Page 'Letters.' Presi-iveimnt and one that alone ex-1 oent Wilson was then hesitating on s the volume and accuracy of the j the brink of war. The Zimmermann rally's daily war warnings. These message, which revealed a condition-to cover the entire war zone and al offer to Mexico of an alliance a small proportion of them would ' against the United States, was de-i'ite'-e«t to any one «hip or es- ' ciphered in 'Room 40.' It was then but the importance of "that small j communicated very confidentially by irtion could be seen in the chart-! Lord Balfour to Mr. Page and through < of any ship at sea 1 PaS3 to Wilson, and was given by him the remaining 20 per cent. of | to the American press. Its publication Farmers Honor Memory of Empire's Soldiers Honor to the memory of the Empire's soldier dead was offered by the members of the Canadian Farmer's Marfeting tour which is overseas under the auspices of the Canadian National RailJ^vs. A huge wreath, six feet in diameter, beautiful in design and bearinsj|^rests of each province, intertwined with characteristic foliage, made in fl|H|psrand deposited at the cenotaph in London during the party's visit ttfreT The picture shows the wreath being inspected by W. D. Robb, vice-pr|fcident of the Canadian National Railways in charge of colonization and ag^culture, before the departure of the party from Montreal. | A ship or two was picked up and sunk off Gibraltar and the captured crews were transferred to the Seead-ler. The next nine seizures--British, French and an Italian--were made between Brazil and Africa. Luckner asserts that he treated his captives like No group of passengers on a liner ever enjoyed such happy comradeship as did we aboard our buccaneering craft. The fact that we were captors and captives only seemed to make it all the jollier. We took the greatest pleasure in making the time agreeable for our passengers, with games, concerts, cards and story-telling. We served special meals for all the na- 0f q*0(} tions whos ships Sunday School Lesson The Very Unusual A German War Hero Also < Sportsman -- Count Von Luckner the Picturesque, Chivalrous Sailor A SEA ROMANCE No one nation has a monopoly of heroism and no one nation can keep, her heroes to herself. Soon or later they belong to the world. Such applies to the tale of Count f on Luckner--skipper of the Seeadler, told in recent numbers of "World's Work. It was the fate of the German Nav; to play extreme parts in the war. .Nothing in maritime history matches the abjectness of the surrender of the high-seas fleet at Scapa Flow, but, the other hand, the war brought out few episodes equal to those connected' with the German commerce raiders Emden, Moewe, Seeadler and Woolf. champion wrestler of the waterfn Also at various times he saved live men from drowning and thereby Jjrought to the attention of the royal family of Prussia. Eventually Luckner passed examinations for the merchant marine. As a protege of the jcaiser he studied for the navy and when he received his commissio" returned home and made good boast to his father. To imagine such a career would dime novels brain expected, adventurous picturesque expres-got his chance In 1916. The German Admiralty Ad tralty ordered him to take command . raider that was to slip through blockade, if the British blockade was to b ented, the ship must be di: is a neutral so thoroughly that lot the slightest suspicion should be iroused. Luckner's account of transforming the captured American clip-ship Bas of Balmaha into a fully- greatest exploit of the four was that of Count Luckner's ship, the Seeadler. She was neither swift cruiser nor. equally speedy converted liner. She" book oi sailing ship, a Yankee-built iiipper, jiat slipped out of Hamburg, deceivedjthe British blockade, cruised 30,000 All of these ships played gallant, lone armed and equipped German raider, hands in far oceans; but by far the, ret with an authentic Norwegian at-" ' nosphero to decks, cabins, papers and' reads like the stage directions old-time Belasco play. The log wegian ship was stolen '25 ,000,000 worth of shipping and cargoes without shedding a drop e^filood. Consider the background of Count Luckner as he is quoted in his own itory. He is the descendant of a Sax-in warrior family and was destined for the cavalry, but he chose to have his legs bowed in another fashion. He informed his father that he would not b home until he wore the uniform German ay to liicli Hit ad; Em American rould pick up, "about 15 j opinion to the necessity of w d be ships' "alios," say ! In "Room 40" the British Admiralty >uld be S O £'s and the j created a new and powerful weapon, if drifting mines. The 1 and a new weapon always calls for an ginally an Admiralty answer. Wireless will necessarily continue to be used by the navies and necessarily its only secrecy tinue to be the code it uses. The obvious answer to "Room 40" is a code that cannot be deciphered by anybody except the man who holds the key to it. Is it possible to devise such a code?--N.Y. Times. aning "submarine sight-st by a ship or an es-t that was being attacked, the alio ie into the radio room as fast as S O S--the word all repeated five es, the position, the time group ibmarines worked on a Foreign Legion Bennett J. Doty, the spectacular Mississippian, who also was pardoned I *-f fS *l» J ifrom the Legi°n< after having been Lilie UeSCriDeCt sentenced to eight years imprisonment for desertion, said upon his arrival in America, that while the French Foreign Legion accorded him a "square deal" it was no young ladles' seminary. Englishman Says He Was Struck and Kicked by Officers London.--John Harvey, the young Englishman recently pardoned by the French Foreign Legion after being sentenced to eight years imprisonment for desertion, is quoted by The Evening Standard as saying that he "now has no illusions about the Foreign Legion." "Scenes which I am told are in Beau Geste only begin to tell you what the life is like," Harvey is quoted as saying. "The Foreign Legion is a fighting machine and it is made to light. It fights everywhere France has any fighting to be done in her desert possessions and it suffers all the time. "I have been struck 45y officers and have been kicked while lying down with my hands and feet in chains. I have crawled about the desert with a thirst that would almost break a I ; of such barbarity in French prisons that seem incredible. Now that they are behind me, do you wonder why I am so bitter about the Foreign.Legion?" -Harvey was released unconditionally from the French Foreign Legion after the British Foreign Office intervened on his behalf. Giving Good Start ! Pre-Nuptial Certificates Pro-' posed as Law in France Paris.--Pre-nutial medical certificates for all French men and women are proposed in a bill which has been laid before the Chamber of Deputies by Dr. Pinard, the oldest member of the Lower House, and approved by the Commission on Hygiene, which recommends adoption. Deputy Nicollet, the reporter of the commission which examined the proposal, urges that for the good of the whole future of the nation every man and woman about to contract marriage should submit to a medical , examination. j This certificate would be dated the' ! day before the marriage and would I have to be presented to the civil I authorities, who in France must perform the civil ceremony of marriage. Tommy (hearing purring cat): "Just listen--he has fallen asleep and left his engine running." Trom the Copenhagen docks. Part of :rew was chosen for its familiarity with the iNorse language; the rest TR^flLSffw »^s_iP live in t he hold, lumber until the blockade should be passed. And as it was the sentimental custom of many Norwegian skippers to bring their wives with them on their voyages, Luckner gave a blond wig and woman's clothes to a cabin boy and commanded him to be-seagolng Julian Etinge should occasion arise. Christmas Day, 1916. The raider, renamed Seeadler, had al officer, and then ho j P'oyed through the North Sea in a He shipped first on j hurricane that had scattered the a villainous Russian square-rigger, fell I blockading fleet. Almost to the north-overboard and before his shipmates jenl lce Packs was the shlP blown, un-could lower a boat and reach him Jf1 the wind abated and British saved from drowning by hang- |earch parties came. The boarding ing on to the leg of a live albatross. PHcer took merely one look at the Next he jumped ship in Australia, 'water-soaked papers and tipped his jolnd th Salvation Army, assisted the caP to the "wife" before leaving. The keeper of a lighthouse, hunted kan- : supposed Norwegian was signaled to garoos for a living, trained for the j Proceed upon her voyage, prize ring, came to America, stole a j. Free of the blockade, the Seeadler's fishing boat in Vancouver, workd on a 'first capture was made off|the Azores. Mexican railroad, enlisted in the ! A leisurely Norwegian windjammer Mexican army and stood guard at old j came up from the horizon, displayed Porfirio Diaz's palace, sailed the i her colors and a signal request for j seven seas on the windjammers of al-j chronometer time. When the British-i most as many nations, broke his right; er was near enough, down went the j leg on one voyage and his left on an- j Norse flag, up went the Imperial naval j other, slapped a bar rag in Hoboken j standard and_ ports opened for guns-- for a few weeks, kept a tavern in , the old trick played hundreds of times Hamburg and was toasted as the ' in warfare before the age of steam. I inuary 29. Lesson V, Th; Growing Fame of Jesus,--Mark 3: 7-12; 6: 53-56. Golden Text--Th.* common people heard him daily--Mark 12: 37. SUBJECT jesus and the galilean masses. Introduction--The freedom with hich Jesus had proclaimed the will f God in opposition to the rulings of captured.....the Pharisees and other teachers of The prisoners seemed to appreciate the day had now alienated the reli-our intentions thoroughly. They gious authorities, and as we saw at wanted to do everything they could the close of last lesson, plans were on for us in return. j ^°°t to bring about his downfall. From t>„+ .m ,1,' ___ „ .„„ this time onwards we find the doors But with the crews of ten ships of the g beginning to be overflowing Seeadler's accommoda- closed against him j£us teaches on tion, such days of care-free hunting the shore, or on the hills, in God's out-came to an end. Prisonrs and cap- of-doors. A boat is usually in readi-tains were transferred to the next ness to take him from one part of the ship captured, its spars were shorten- lake-shore to the other. Meantime, ed and the vessel limped into Buenos his influence with the masses goes on Aires with th news of the Seeadler | increasing. His fame as a healer and the solution of the mystery of the Pirates to every part of the coun-long overdue merchantman. Know- ?lfPpear* f th! grT?^ tcaff ing that now the allied cruisers would b^Xluded that ' multitutewho b after him, Luckner rounded Cape thronged him understoo.:: or responded Horn itno the Pacific and the south ■ to his spiritual demands. Their ideag seas, whre he sunk three American I of God's salvation was very different ' ships and transferred their crews to j from those of Jesus. They were look-the Seeadler. Then with symptoms j ing for a deliverer who should release of scurvy on board, the raider put in I them f rom the Roman yoke. Their at a coral atoll for fresh food Adventures of another kind befell the German raiders and their American captives, for here a tidal wave destroyed the Seeadler. The ship's company and their "guests" escaped to the shore and set up a Swiss Family Robinson sort of existence. Nature was munificent, but it was not war. Luckner grew restless. Within three weeks of the disaster to the Seeadler, Luckner, with three of his officers and two sailors set sail in a lifeboat with the hope of capturing a trading schooner, which in turn would capture a larger ship and enable the resumption of raiding on a large scale. They cruised 2,300 miles in a month and, after a number of thrilling adventures, they were captured. Luckner and his companions could have overpowered the men who set out to capture them, but the Ger were not in uniform violate the rules o played the game and submitted. They were transported to New Zealand, where they narrowly escaped a legal lynching, and thence to an internment camp. From here Luckner and some German merchant cadets escaped in a launch. They captured a small trading schooner, bed in turn they ruiEor an.i wen".la ' iu""11' prison camp. Luckr^t back to the escape planned when ti.ha<L.a"fs*tJce came and his wartime thoughts of the kingdom "of God v____ excessively worldly and materialistic. Nevertheless, Jesus went on patiently teaching and healing. He had compassion on these multitudes who were like an unshepherded flock, and he strove to find entrance for God's love into their hearts. Chap. 3, v. 7. The retreat of Jesus to the lake was due to the increasing menace from the Pharisees, whose influence was paramount ir. the synagogues. Apparently the y were shutting the synagogues against Jesus, 1 he !: T tO C in the open increased in spite Crowds from all c him, and the ev fome came all the V. 8. The natio: Jesus' ir.fl'jerr.o is m together ut his pop; the MARY'S LAMS rst Youth--"I tell you, oh when I get married I'll be th • I'll know the reason why." Second Ditto--"Oh, you'll kn reason all right. Don't worry that." -v. Pe Israelites in the Noi iuntry of ther than the old-timej*nen J Luckner i people had been subjnf ibly compelled to acce two centuries before-of the Baccabean pri beyond the Jordan, had been settled fro mtho earliest times. The Phoenician territories of Tyre and Sidon bordered on Galilee to the West and North. It was the fame of Jesus as a healer which briiagh±_jiei>lll& ir. uuqh nu."C-hers from these regions. v . w ...X: %S°f*?S4 YaiV ,';%i]-l'V;:--.te'-.ls had to have recouvjo to a boat, from which to preach. At his bidding the disciples moored a skiff a few yards from the beach, and row we find this boat in constant readiness to receive V. 10. The reason of the popular ©xcitament is again stated in the clearest terms. Jesus' work as a heal-produced a sensation throughout the entire length and breadth of the land. It was considered that even touch would restore the sick to health. Jesus himself, as we know, s more anxious to minister to the rit than to the body, but, nevertheless, he had never turned the sick "Plagues" is a Biblical word for diseases. It was popularly believed that disease aws a "stroke" or courge" from Gcd. Vs. 11, 12. Particular mention is made of Jesus' healing of demoniacs, the sick in mind. He saw in the p alence of demon-possessk vidence of Satan's reign i: and he devoted himself to i unfoi-tunate victims frci ) the clear Out "Switzing" Switzerland .'IEW OF CANADA'S Yoho National Park, B.C. Moui It lie:,-, fr: noted t ailed tl..-i t these der the i He knew what false Win., peoale associated with Messiah,lii)-.. a:m lie silenced this kind of language wherever he heard it. Chap. 6:53, 54. Similar phenomena were witnessed at a later period in Jesus' ministry. Jesus was at this time preparing to leave Galilee, and his followers had the premonition that their time of opportunity was drawing to a close. He had landed for a few hours at Gennesaret. apparently ith the desire of remaining incog-ito. But being recognized, he has again to put his hand to the task of V. 55. Couriers run through the district and brine: the sick on beds ...id stretchers. Wherever Jesus goes, he finds them waiting; and so great the faith which he has inspired that the touching even of the frinsye tassel of his robe produces healthful results. The Jones family wei nd it had rained eve reek. They were all ve they sat in the front i boarding-house. Little looking at the downpoui claimed suddenly, "Oh, 1 | he goi j do?" Mr. i how the wedding <