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6 THE COLBORNE EXPRESS, COLBORNE, ONT., THURSDAY, JUNE 2, 1921. Address communications Cultivation of Growing Crops. The cultivation of crops requires reasonable care. There is seldom gain from deep cultivation after the crop has been planted. Such cultivation is necessary in preparing the soil for all hoed crops, but if not done then, later cultivation will not make up for the'neglect. Summer cultivation should be shallow: sufficient to destroy weeds and produce a fine surface mulch one to two inches deep. It may be possible and is then advisable to narrow the cultivator and cultivate deeply the space betweer. the rows not occupied by growing roots, heat It should be remembered, however, that these roots penetrate the soil towards the centre of the row very rapidly and frequent observations are necessary to determine whether the feeding roots are being disturbed or destroyed by cultivation, as so very often happens. The moist soil below the loose surface soil covering- is where soil bacteria are most active, and consequently where the most plant food is being liberated, as a result of which roots will be found in this soil area in greater abundance than any- Although there seems to be no good re: son for using care in selection of seed, preparation of the soil and fertilizing to grow a good plant--only to destroy the roots as soon as they have grown--yet this is what is very often done. Root pruning has so far never been shown to be desirable and, as 1 root development is a big factor crop yields, the better chance they have for development without being disturbed the better use they can make of the plant food - the soil contains. The object at this time is to point out the desirability of surface tillage by shallow surface cultivation and warn against deep culture in the area occupied by the growing plant. Another reason why roots should not be disturbed more than possible is because injured roots may not be able to take up the full moisture required and wilting may result, bringing about premature maturity; particularly is this the case if the weather is hot and accompanied by drying winds. A depth guide should be used on the cultivator to avoid too deep cultivation and jls the plants grow toward the centre between th( list, 72 Adelaide St. West, Toronto. .paced twelve The use of dry mash is b< more generally used to develo growth in chicks. The mash mi costly but the amount of dry be greatly reduced, of the commercial growing mashes are very desirable in promoting quick-growing broilers. Of course, the cheap-produced at home, but Things Learned Abe: Spraying. e time the writer assisted w nmg; experimental work in spraying apid orchards and worked with men seem i had made a business of spraying ■atch|fuiiy to obtain accurate results, found that it paid to clean uj spray tank, engine and hose after each application. The nozzles and thoroughly flushed Making the Nation Christian, Psa. 33: 12; Prov. 14: 34; Rom. 13: 1-10. Golde n Text--Prov. 14: 34. Connecting Links--The citizen who j viduals and families which make up gards his duties of citizenship in j the state. No doubt, in a large and lethod of the potatoes being inches apart in the row. The system j .radons are produced at home Dtt| Spray chemicals are so strong that; th? light "of the" "teaching and "example | complex society, such . of cultivation outlined above having lf home feads are lacking the poultry-1 many outfits are injured by improper of Jesus will find a solution of many i election should be sought a been followed. I man can often use a few sacks of j care after use. A good hose will also j difficult problems. He "cannot be a j sure the fairest and widest represen- - commercial mash to great advantage j De reduced in life if it is not cleaned; mere partisan. He will not be a blind ! tation of all classes, interests, and Care cf the Chicks on Range. in growing a large per cent, of the j after use. follower of^ ambitious and self -seeking j ideas, but tbe_ governing body The care of the chicks while in the chicks into vigorous birds. We found that the nozzles of simple. brooder sta°e is most important, for Hens that are laying eggs for hatch-1 construction were best. They did not * at that time° the largest mortality oc- ing should not be forced for a large ! cl0g frequently and the material \ mbsequent care of the'number of eggs. It is better t" - eft few less eggs and have them strong-brooder stage has very much to do ly fertile and able to produce many with the success or failure of the birds vigorous chicks. When hens have been \,ater | heavily fed to obtain many hatching Plenty of heat--Do not cut down the' eSg.s the have often defeated purpose. They have fewer a until the chicks are well j their feathered, and even after that if the pod hatching eggs than as if nature weather is cold and changeable, they had not been overworked, will require a certain amount of heat, Exercise is a factor m keeping the whether they are raised naturally or breeding birds healthy. That is why artificially. Naturally raised chicks--The hen will probably leave the chicks to themselves by the time they are feathered, sometimes even before, and it is well to have the chicks housed in a fairly comfortable coop or colony house, so that when the hen leaves them they will be quite comfortable and can get along without her. Artificially raised chicks--The same care as to heat and comfortable rearing quarters should be given to the chicks that are hatched and reared artificially, and sometimes even more care is necessary. The removal of the heat, when nights results in the chicks becoming chilled, free range flocks often show a highf per cent, of fertility than special breeding pens confined on a limited area. When the birds are confined it is necessary to make them scratch for their grain in the summer as well as winter. A vigorous hen with a large range will do a lot of traveling a day and a lot of scratching. S produces a profit with the least worry. The lazy, poor producers are apt to be last off the roost in the morning and first to bed at night. Possibly considerable culling could be done by opening the hen house in the morning and closing it two minutes later. Then stilTcdd,"often! f11 a11 th,at remain in the house that .....* 1 do not show interest m the nests. crowding into a corner and a number of them being smothered. Those that survive are more, or less stunted because of the chill. Give them fresh land--It is never advisable to rear chickens in the same yard or upon the same soil that the wav of culllnS hens> but we honestly ve them new! believe that a lot of slackers could be quickly marked by that method. About two hours beforS" sunset for the lazy hens that roost early. After some of them have gone to roost, cull them out and save the good hens that are still outside working. The above method is not a scientific old hens have used. Give them soil that'is sweet and free from dis ease germs. Such a place as a cultivated orchard, potato patch, root or com field, or in fact any place where there is a growing crop of such a nature that they cannot destroy it, will be an ideal spot for the chicks. Plenty of shade--During the warmer months shade is very important. This can be provided by the growing crop, orchard, shrubs or even the raising of the house and in some cases, along with this, artificial shade from boughs or cotton screens advantage. leaders. He will not be goveint i hos -hould have the loyal support selfish or sectional, or class interests : of all good citizens--a support, how->r hatreds. He will endeavor, with j ever, which will not exclude fair and ,r .dispassionate mind, to discover, in the j reasonable and friendly criticism, .sily dnslodged if they aid clog. We j H&h.t of all the facts, what is best for j The higher powers of St. Paul's found that the angle nozzles were j the people and the nation, and he wi better than straight nozzles. With give his loyal and conscientious the angle nozzle it was possible to change the direction of the spray dope with a slight turn of the wrist. These angle nozzles enabled us to get under the trees and place the rod high up in the branches whi a.slight turn the spray could be sent out in all directions. The new variable spray rod is a big improvement over the old disc nozzle, as it makes it easy to spray trees of most any size from the ground. The only danger is that one is likely to become careless and use the coarsi strong spray on nearby parts of the tree and thus cause spray injury. Experiments proved that it was necessary to saturate trees with mixture to obtain good results, did not leave the tree dripping placed on just enough to cover ev bit of bark or foliage with a film of spraying material. This made ii necessary to keep the spray rod always on the move. The careless rod-man is apt to spray too much place and then skip other places. This leaves part of the tree without protection while other sections art drenched. It is good business to keep the rod moving all the time when spraying. We found that a long line of hose made it easier for the rodman working on the ground. Then he those of the Romar nany eases had established port to that which is best. If he dif- itself by conquest and ruled without fers from others, he will do so intelli-> the consent of the governed people, gently and conscientiously, and he j Yet, for the most part, its rule was -frill not hesitate to break with party, j just. The Roman arms cleared sea or with leader, if he believes them to : and land of pirates and robbers, be wrong. | established and preserved peace, and Psalm 33: 12. Blessed is the nation, j made travel and commerce both pos-The most important duty of the na- j sible and safe. Many people were tion, as of the individual, is to seek j much better off under Roman rude God. The nation's true wealth is in j than they would have been if inde-finding and knowing God, just as that j pendent. The Empire provided, at is the true wealth of the individual I least, an educative discipline, as the man. Our statesmen should recognize , British Empire has done in many this, our judges and our magistrates, i lands, through which subject .peoples The poet of ancient Israel "held were prepared for self-government. Israel's chief possession" to be Je- . Paul lays down the general prin-hovah. So, in Psalm 16, he says:-- ciple that such higher powers are of "I have said unto Jehovah, Thou art God and should be obeyed. No doubt my Lord: I have no good beyond he would not have - -- thee." "Jehovah is the porti heritance." In Psalm 18 my strength." In Psalm 23: Comforts on the Rented Farm tune to visit lived on a fa a college co married my good for-college friend who had l all her life, had taken ho had graduated from the college of agriculti tade, gone to live on a rented farm.-Know-an I ing the good modern hoi j she had lived on her fathi coarsely meshed vent his climbing contrivances can furniture stores, getting out childi Feeding--The feeding of a flock of | wondered how she would enjoy a rent-L,,hW„. < V/V "I'"' "'Ji chicks during the growing season j ed farm. She had two children and the ,°.h0UliW be, n^wed- Thej should not be laborious. Though plenty I usual number of hands to beard wifb advent of the horse hoe or hiller has of feed ™<«"™<i ----\. -Li.. .. marked the greatest advance in Oconee potato culture of any implement the baby basket v which convenient things she farm, I She would put the h st or hood to pre-r falling out. These be purchased at These beds saved f bed. to attend to the wants. She said that > of the r ' had. the fan This mplement has made it possible to distribute around the potato hi'.l a fine earth mulch sufficient to kill the weeds, if done when the weeds are young, and not in any way disturb the growing roots in the hill. The tooth cultivator should follow the horse hoe, setting it as close as possible, to loosen the hard centre .between the rows in order to protect the land from drying out, form a loose scil to quickly absorb rains that may fall and give fine soil for subsequent hilling. In potato culture the point above mentioned indicates the necessity for reasonable distance between the rows in order to grow this crop with the least amount of hand hoeing for, if the rows are narrow, there is not the space from which to draw the soil for hilling purposes and the row cannot be cultivated without doing damage to the feeding roots as there is space enough for the cultivator •equired it may be given the usual lack of help l such a way that the minimum am-l I asked her how she mar mt of labor is entailed. For this j house so well and have i the house, iged to keep nuth-i vr/i purpose, hopper feeding is very much j for reading and enjoying her children, to be recommended. A home-made; She answered, "Do you know, I be-hopper in which mixed grains and! lieve the reason more women are not mash can be placed and to which the j able to make their work easier is chicks can have access at all times; because they do not study it enough ?" insures plenty of feed for the chicks j j .as,ked her how she had gone about with very little labor on the part of imprwing the place in which she had the attendant, df the chicks are late to work, and is is necessary to hurry them in: 1 . ... T ... „ , order to get their growth in plenty "The first thing I did,' she answer-of time for the fall, a moist mash fed! ?d> toTw°rk.as b,eBt 1 coul* WiU? once a day will help them, and milk | 016 *hlngS 1 hf arra.n?ed J«* before them at all times is a decided as % »ere when I moved m. The advantage. next thmg 1 dld was to Mt down and In feeding and caring for the grow- tnmk' ing chicks it should be borne in mind! While thinking, she made a list of that the chief aim is to have matured1 such improvements as seemed urgent, pullets so that they will commence to I "We are Poor f olk> vou know," she lay before the winter season comes on. | sald> "and we had to make the m°ney The feeder should keep this in mind i ^° as far as ik would- So 1 m,ade my and feed the birds accordingly. Early! Plans carefully in order not to have chicks mav be fed so that they will!to spend an undue amount." mature too early for best all-round! The first thin£ changed the floor of the automobile and he could sleep on the eight-mile ride to town. She carried the basket into stores with her, which was easier than iarryirg the baby, and more comi'ort- eep earryn A----- production, and though this ception, still it is well to keep in mind ork without doing such damage.i that the pullet that starts laying the apart seems to be j latter part of October or the first of November is usually the pullet that gives the best yearly production and certainly yields a better revenue than the pullet that does not start laying! was to° low aTld made her back until after the season of high prices' She nad Jt moved and raised and then for eggs is over. * I had what she called, "the food end of __________________________the kitchen and the washroom end." .... , ,,. , The towels hung in a hallway near start with the pigment, adding the!,- - - the distance most suitable. Tests made at Kentville covering a period of five years, including 16 tests, show that rows thirty inches apart yielded an average of 265.6 bushels 'and those thirty-six inches apart 29S.1 bushels, She showed me the washing machine and churn which the man of the house had "rigged up" so they could be run by the gasoline engine. As they were not intended to be so used, the width of the wheels had been increased by a wooden piece in order to make them wide enough to carry a belt. By using his knowledge of mechanics, her husband had connected these two important pieces of equipment with the gasoline engine A Home-Made Refrigerator. The problem of keeping perishable food in summer was great until this ingenious woman worked out this device: For a wedding present somebody had given them a. bread-box much too large for their family use. a wooden frame around this J able metal box and hung it in the well, the' Her husband constructed a frame with , „ j a pulley over the well. A pail filled with stones was fastened to the end of the rope which almost balanced the the box and made it possible to raise the box with little effort. When she took food out of with preparation of meals. The sink*6 box sbe ?u* * stOT"L "Lto mak« m, ten Inw s-nd n™de her hark sche I the box slnk into the well. There was mything r In Psalm 27: "The Lord i: and my salvation." The nation is indeed hies finds in the God revealed Christ its wealth, its str< guidance, and its safety. Prov. 14: 34. Rightc a nation. lun-selled obedi- . would he have" denied 'the right of subject people to revolt against a „,„ thp9 o lord tyrannical or unjust governmcn ; >\e thee, O Lord ih rsvoUg weu]d be n,erdy n tran„ __, _ , fer of allegiance to rightful author- "The Lord is my shep-1 ities chosen by the peop.!e. But where powers are established my light ■ cognized they should be obeyed. I good citizen will keep the laws ol id which I his.country. in Jesus The ruler thus becomes a minister igth, its of God, to whom obedience is rendered, not by reason of fear or force, but exalteth fer conscience sake, said the ancient law of | Pay ye tribute. The injunction, in hich is altogether, just | terms of_to-day, would be,. "Pay shalt thou - follow that thou mayest taxes." Evei live, and inherit the land which the > dy at tunes, aim we msne economy m Lord thy God giveth thee." This was ■ administration, they are necessary also the teaching of the prophets, as, j for_ the conduct of the affairs of the for example, in Isia. 1: 16-17; Jerem. j nation. 7: 5-7; Amos. 5: 24; Micah 7: 6-8; Owe no many anything bat to love Zech. 8: 16-17. And this same nation-: °ne another." This is a great precept, al ideal of character is found again' a finely-conceived ideal and law of and again in the Psalms. See Psalm I citizenship. Paul's injunction is to 15, 18: 20-26; 37: 5-6, 28-31, and many! give tax or tribute, fear or reverence, other passages. i and honor, where they are due, and Rom. 13: 1-10. The higher powers, j love to all, and thus to discharge our Paul has the vision and the outlook debt to all. of a Christian statesman. His ambi- Love worketh no ill. Love works all tion is to make the law of Christ the j manner of good. Love is the one law of nations. But he knows that! great Christian law. in his time Christ's law of love has I Application. not yet taken possession of all men. It has not even in'our time. One may The Jews were intensely patriotic dream of a social order in which and felt very keenly their sad pol'.ti-every man will of his own accord, and ca' state. They recalled the glory of of his own will, do what is right', but former days and writhed under foreign that is an ideal still far from being | dominion. As a result of this, rebel-realized. For its own safety and j lions were constantly breaking out, well-being every society must, have its ! and the Jews hoped thus to attain rulers. The primitive social unit, the I political freedom. The message of family, has as its rulers the father ' Jesus to these men was that the real and the mother, and the group of i slavery was the slavery of sin. This families which constitute the clan or underlying moral condition was res-tribe has its council of elders, and its ponsible for their political servitude, head of the council who becomes chief! To these men. hot with resentment or king. Such powers or authorities j against Roman rule, Jesus said: arise out of the very nature of things. "Everyone that -- The authorities elected by popular | bondservant of s vote in a democracy are their legiti- i ed that the i mate successors, for they are the! soul ;" chosen representatives of the indi- 1 bondage is when the under the dominion of evil sink in the kitchen, corner and the men using it had to ■ ' cross the working space which she, c . , . was using in preparing her meals. At; t* least three times a day her husband ^ and his helpers interfered n covered with spray dope by the man! roof water to be discharged through working in the tower. And he was another pipe. not jerked forward by the moving of j Water from this cistern was used the team before completing his work. | for two days in midsummer by the We found that a tank filler saved time i writer of this article who used the in making up the mixture and that j school yard for a temporary camping suitable clothes for the work slaved j spot. Though school had not been in I time in putting it on the tree. A pair i session for several weeks, he found Ihey put of goggles often proved useful in J the water sweet and palatable. It was v" ""^'l keeping the spray mixture out of the; quite dark in color but bore no evi-' eyes on windy days. A substantial j dence of staleness. Neither sediment pair of gauntlet gloves were needed i nor foreign substances were distin-keep the hands and wrists dry. j guishable. Moreover, the water This Might Help You in Your Painting. oil slowly a a shelf in the box so she could keep considerable food in this cool place. A heavy snap had been attached to the wires running cross-wise under the box and I asked her wh t hat cold i sprir watei and i Much of our paint now comes ready mixed;--that is, the pigment is grour.< in oil and tempered with, oil and tur pentine and drier. While this paint is supposed to be ready for appli tion, I find that after it has been stock for some time the heavier gredients settle to the bottom, casual stirring is not enough, to inst a uniform fluid for application. The quickest and best method of mixing such paint is to pour off nearly all of the top liquid. Now stir thoroughly, with a medium paddle, the remaining liquid into the heavier pigment, stirring so that the motion is from the bottom of the container. Gradually add small quantities of the liquid poured off, stirring in each addition thoroughly before adding more. The paint will work much better. From time to time the paint should be stirred so that it will not settle j sgain. To prevent milk from sticking to For old unpainted wood or for new! the bottom of the kettle or the pan wood, never apply thick paint. Always! when you scald it, first boil a little a paint well thinned with raw lin- water in the pan for a minute paints. This method will consume much less time and will give a better paint for the trouble. White lead ground in oil requir the addition of about seven or eight j gallons of linseed oil and one gallon ■ of turpentine for priming coat, while ! for finishing coats four to five gallons of oil and one quart of turpentine make a satisfactory mix for brush application. The pigments used in painting are either mineral or metallic. The principal metallic pigments are lead, zinc, and iron compounds. The lead and zinc are used chiefly as the base of White and lighter tinted paints. The iron gives reds and browns. Mineral tints are colored earths mainly, and furnish a large variety of colors and .t littl- To Scald Milk. seed oil and turpentine in the proportion of about five to one. The wood absorbs much of the oil, and if the paint is thick too much pigment will be left on the surface, leaving a chalky or dry appearance. For home-mixed paints, pigments grounid in oil should be used as far as possible, as they will mix fax easier and better than is possible with dry pigments. In mixing such paint, and then pour it out just before you put the milk into it. Hand spinning-wheels are still made in London for export to the Far East. Public prosperity is like a tree: agriculture is its roots; industry and commerce are its branches and leaves. If the root suffers, the leaves fall, the branches break, and the tree dies. --Chinese Philosophy. faster than they might have mvieu, i . A high cabinet and a flat-topped £° tP™ " one next were purchased. The latter' was on casters which made it easy to move about the kitchen.. Equipping the Kitchen. I was interested to see her various1 near an aluminum cup pieces of inexpensive equipment to' In my two days' visit I saw only one save work. She also had a tireless! fly in the toilet, which proved, since it cooker, a dish-drainer and a high was in the hot summer time, that this stool. I asked her if she had ever" mother was successfully protecting bought equipment that she did not/her family from the danger of fly-find useful and at this point her hus- borne disease. band had great fun telling me of one • There were ' many other evidences dish-drainer that emphatically did not of her careful study to do her house-: do what had been claimed for it so she keeping as intelligently as? possible and ! bought another. That was the only, to put into practice her knowledge of piece of equipment she had purchased the laws of sanitation and health. By which was not satisfactory, but she reading, she keeps herself informed had thought very carefully and in-! and she says it makes her home-mak-f ormed herself well about each article ing much more interesting and gen-before purchasing it. Although this1 unineiy successful to be trying to im-was a tenant house, I have never' prove it all the time instead of just seen a more convenient kitchen con-i buying things which other people sidering the fact that running water j have, as not available. | After all, this matter of comforts, This bright-minded mother carried! conveniences and home-improvements her baby in a large market-basket: is the problem for each individual or 1 on the outside, lined and group most immediately concerned, softly padded. The baby slep' most We cannot say it is the man's job or of the time in this basket which was! the woman's. Team work, of course, bench something like a piano! is ideal and family team work the bench, only lower, close beside the - very highest ideal of all. Community Ted in which the mother slept. For; gioveme.ots are drawing rural homes :he three-year-old boy she had a bed! closer together and the spirit of com-which swung over the foot of her bed,! munity advancement 'runs now, like high enough not to interfere with ■ grass fire, swiftly from point to point, ventilation and covered by a very1 --D. H. d they hung the: have solved this problem in a safe! 'hen they wished and comparatively inexpensive man-1 It sounds clumsy! ner by using the rain which falls upon! but it saved lots of food and helped! the roof of the schoolhouse. The water! appetites as well as pocket-books. j from both slopes is carried directly! They had only the old-fashioned | to a large filter, filled with* layers of! outdoor toilet but behind the door was I charcoal, sand and small pebbles.! ia.ll barrel of lime and hanging! From the filters the water makes its! Filtered Rain Water at | the least bit hard. Country Schools. i ----^----" There are countless district schools Feed well the old hens that, you in-where no provision is made for drink-] tend to sell when they are throng i ing water, save as it is carried by the i laying. Watch the market, and se i children to the schoolhouse from some j them just before the rush sale of poui-farm-home. Undoubtedly the cost of j try begins m the fall. Get all the eggs drilling a well is responsible in most j you can from them this summer, but instances for this condition. j sell them while the price is still good. The trustees of one rural school j =~ == ■ vay to a underground cistern which j s provided with a tight curb. In case! he cistern becomes filled, a damper] n the pipe above the filter permits the I WOOL Ship your lot to ourselves and receive immediate cash payment and the highest market price. We will treat you right. Wm. Stone Sons, Limited WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO Established 1870 Manufactured by THE CANADIAN STEEL AND WIRE CO., Limited Hamilton - - - Canada