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THE COLBORNE EXPRESS, COLBORNE, ONT., THURSDAY, JUNE 30, 1921, When I bought my farm in South-j three era Ontario it contained onl; poultry house of the 3 house. A hook placed in the middle of each section permitted the roosts to be raised easily, and hooked to the ceiling when the dropping boards were cleaned. It also made it easier to paint or spray the roosts on the under side, where red mites are not likely to appear. The nests were boxes tightly nailed to the wall. Now, I have found by experience that nests must be loose, so they can be taken outside the house for emptying, followed by sunning and spraying. Nests that Improved Seed. The Dominion Department of Agriculture, through the Seed Branch, works in active co-operation with the provinces in .the matter of improving . grain and field seeds. Money is pro-\ vided to pay prizes in standing field crop competitions, at seed fairs and provincial seeds' exhibitions, and in combined, seed crop and cleaned seed competitions. The last named is a recent introduction. It has two dis-storms th,at^ome^fjom tinct phases, the first consisting cf a °avy stanjjng geji(j cr0p competition and n°__ the second- of threshed and cleaned seed in which the seed produced from the fields of the first phase is judged in the granary of the competitor. The competitions must have at least fif-' teen entries in each, and the foundation seed used must be of approved origin. The minimum quantities of , cleaned seed that competitors must be | prepared to submit to qualify for awards are: wheat, barley, peas, buckwheat and corn each 100 bushels, oats 200 bushels, field beans 25 bushels, clovers and timothy 15 bushels, and potatoes 150 bushels. The awards, except in the case of potatoes, are made on a basis of 65 per cent, on the bin score and 35 per cent, on the ip1 field score. In the case of potatoes the method is reversed, the award being based on 35 per cent, on the bin score and 65 per cent, on the field score. All agricultural associations are eligible to conduct these competitions, provided the association entering does not conduct a field crop competition in the same season with the same kind of crop. To the prize money under subvention agreement the Dominion subscribes $200 in each instance and the province $100. time before The appearance of this trouble ir the fields is often mistaken by growers for Late Blight. There is, however, a marked distinction between the two, for Late Blight may mence by attacking any part of the plants--leaves and stems alike--has a dark, water-soaked appearance and, in its early stages, is damp to the touch, while Tip Burn invariably mences at the margin or tips of the leaves and has a decidedly dry appearance and touch with the excep- tightly fastened to the wall form I tion of after rain. It also appears breeding places for mites and lice. j much earlier in the season than Late I find also that open nests may lead j Blight has ever been recorded and to the egg-eating habit. In winter | does net cause the death of the plai the birds may scratch in the litter \ so rapidly. Nor has it ever proven of the nests after eggs have been laid.! destructive as Late Blight, although Eggs kicked against the side of the j evidence has been obtained that in nest are apt to be broken and then\ seasons when it is severe and where eaten. Open nests also become un- j no effort is made to check, a consider-clean from the hens roosting upon! able reduction in the yield of market-them at night, or sitting on the edge j able tubers, due to the premature during the day. In remodeling my death of the plants from this cause, i may result. Investigators of this trouble ,-et in agreement as to the cause. The ; observations of some have led to the . belief that a period of hot, dry weath-- during the growing season causes i tho leaves to throw off moisture rapidly than it can be furnished by the plant, the result being the appear-e of Tip Burn. This theory seems, rever, to he disputed by the fact • that the trouble is not found ■ hot regions of the Western States with a select trade cannot include. where the temperature often becomes them in filling orders. If the nests excessive and the air is especially dry. are slightly darkened and the nesting | More recent investigations lead to litter kept clean, the eggs will be! the belief that this burning of the clean with the chalky freshness which ; leaves probably follows the depreda-customers expect when they pay a! tions of sucking insects. These in-premium for fresh eggs. j vestigations are not yet complete, but I find that a small wooden table is! enough evidence has been produced to useful in a poultry house. It should! serve as a warning -to potato grow-hold the water pail and a crock or ers to keep these insect pests thor-two of sour milk. Then litter can- j ou-gMy under not foe scratched into the water and house I built the nests in portabli sections. If the top of a section elopes sufficiently, the birds will not roost upon it. If the top does not have enough slope it pays to stretch a strip of poultry wire above the nests in such a manner that the hens cannot roost there. Poultry nests must be so built that the eggs will be clean. An egg that is washed loses the film provided by nature to help keep it fresh. Dirty eggs look very bad, and the prodi milk, making them a possible source of disease. If there is no time to build hoppers, tho grit and oyster shells can be placed in earthen crocks on this low platform. I find that hoppers are best, however, as they hold a larger supply mi need filling less often.. Hoppers to avoid Tip We have found in our experimental work with potatoes that Bordeaux mixture will to a large extent control this trouble. In 1918, when it was extremely prevalent, we had several plots to which, for the purposes of experiment, Bordeaux mixture was not applied. These plots suffered for dry mash can easily be made of j from a severe attack of Tip Bu: small packing boxes. Sketch the out- j the plants were all killed down by line of the proposed hopper on the the second week in August, while sides of the box. Then saw out the other plots on the same land, and to box to conform with the sketch, and which, for the control of Late Blight, use the material removed to board up j Bordeaux mixture was regularly and the front of the hopper. Make a sort j thoroughly applied, suffered to a very of lip in front so that the hens cannot | slight extent only, the plants remain-waste it on the floor. ing green until frost came. Bordeaux In remodeling my house I found j mixture acts as a repellent to the that the curtains were hinged to the; Leaf Hopper, as well as a protection top of the windows so they could be to the plants. Many other cases, in pulled back and hooked to the ceiling. | additfan to that referred) to, havej pounds per square rod c I also found that the hens had beenj come to our attention, bearing evi-roosting on the curtain frames, mak- dence that regular and thorough ing them dirty and infesting themj spraying with this mixture will with mites. I took these curtains out duce to a minimum the ravages of and b'^-rW them. The new curtains Tip Burn. North America has a white population of 100,000,000. Tub Hats for the Kiddies. Simply adorable are the little summer hats for the kiddies made of white pique. What child would not iove one especially if it were decorated on the upper brim with a row of tiny quacking ducks or chirping chickens? This is a splendid way for Mother to use up the odd pieces of white pique or rep. The hats are simple to make. They fit the head well and are decidedly practical. To make the brim cut two circular pieces of pique, each 12 inches in diameter. In the centre of each of these circles cut another circle 6 inches in diameter. The inner circle may vary according to the child's head-size. (It will be best to cut paper patterns first.) Turn the right sides of the brim together and baste and stitch the outer edges taking a ^-inch seam. Turn the brim, baste the outer edge, and stitch again on the edge. The crown is made from a circular piece of pique, 10 inches in diameter. Face the crown and fasten to the brim with tiny buttons and buttonholes. The quacking ducks around the upper front edge of the brim are broidered in outline stitch. Six-strand embroidery cotton in Copenhagen is used for the ducks and yellow floss for the bills and eyes. Brim is broidered before it is attached to the THE SUNDAY SCHOOL The Early Life of Saul. Acts 21: 39; 22: 3, 28; 2 Tim. 3: 14, 15? Duet. 6: 4-9. Golden Text--Hebrews 3: 7, 8. There are two ways of getting better cow. One is to put one's hand into his pocket;--deep, in these days-- and pay for her; the other is to grow her. The last way is the best, the first the quickest. Raise a cow you understand her and she knows you. You make a better team, and team work in the dairy is what counts. Better Lawns Make Better Homes Grow Perennials. • th« July is an ideal time to seeds of such hardy plants as pinki columbines, perennial larkspurs, foxgloves, pansies, sweet-williams, Shasta daisies, and many others. These will make a nice growth in the fall seed bed, and will bloom at the regular time next spring. The clumps will not be quite so large as those from seeds sown in May, but the May-sown plants will not bloom the first year, so there is not much gained by planting them. You can plant the fall-sown plants somewhat thicker, and in transplanting have- more chance to cut out inferior plants. Most of these plants like a loose jnellow loam that will not pack or run. Woods soil with plenty of leaf mold is ideal. Sow the seeds in rows. Do not crowd the rows. The seeds should be covered not over a quarter to half an inch, and kept moist until up,- which will take ten days or two weeks for most of the common varieties. Some are slower to germinate and older seeds are slower than fresh ones. Thin the plants in the l if too thick, but a half-inch space will serve until transplanting time, except for such strong growers as hollyhocks The seed bed should be well cultivated to give the little plants i chance to make a good growth. As cold weather draws near, let them get pretty dry to harden them up. Water the bed well before giving protection, if it is not already moist. This mulch can be any coarse material, but tree leaves are probably best. Straw free from fine chaff will serve, or coarse hay. Anything that will pack will shut off too much air. A good water-tight roof should be placed over all. The bed should be high enough to secure good drainage. With the packing kept dry, there is little danger of winter-killing. I have kept them by turning an empty box over them, making the bottom of the box tight so it would shed the water. A little care will make your plants thrive, and they will reward you with abundant bloom next spring and summer. There are many mistakes made in the establishment of lawns their subsequent management, der to make a good lawn the soil must be fairly fertile or it is necessary that it be made so by proper fertilization. The regular use of suitable fertilizers is aiso necessary. Tht best time to insure a good soil for a lawn is at the time when the excavating and the grading are done. Frequently a good site that is naturally fertile is made unproductive or undesirable by covering it over with sub-soil taken from another location, that is, from basements or sections that are moved in grading. Not infrequently building rubbish, ashes, cinders, cans and other debris are covered with a thin layer of soil, the re? suit being a very unsatisfactory pro, duction of desirable grasses. A good rule to follow is, keep at six inches of rich soil on the su This six inches or more of soil shoul be fine in texture or a loam or cla). loam material, "inasmuch as they are> the best for the production of mos grasses that are grown on lawns. They dry out less quickly and ret fertilizers to much better advantage than do the sandy soils. Where drainage conditions are not good they should be corrected by the laying of tile at proper depths with suitable outlets. If the subsoil is very heavy or impervious the surface soil is likely to hold too much water or become waterlogged, resulting in unsanitary conditions, and usually an unsatisfactory growth of grasses. If, on the other hand, the sub-soil is very porous or sandy, the lawn must be watered very frequently and fertilized more often than if it is heavy in texture. In the establishment of a lawn, if it is available, a generous application of well-decayed or rotted stable manure is desirable. This should be worked well into the soil, the application consisting of about four hundred to eight hundred pounds per square rod. The use of well-rotted manure is advantageous because there is much less danger of the introduction of undesirable weed seed-, some of which may prove objectionable After the manure has been applied either hydrated lime at the rate of about fifteen pounds per square rod or air-slaked lime, or finely pulverized limestone at the rate of about twenty dried marl rate of about twenty-five pounds per square rod should be added to the soil, and worked into it when the land Is prepared for seeding. In addition it is advisable to apply four pounds of sixteen per cent, acid phosphate per square rod. When the seed-bed has been extremely finely pulverized and leveled down the seeding may be made. As a general rule the Kentucky bluegrass makes the most popular and most successful grass, forming an excellent turf. Some seed a mixture of grasses, however, such as the bluegrass and the English or Italian rye grass. Where three parts of the bluegrass and one part of the English rye grass is used in the mixture, about half a pound is usually seeded on a square rod. A mixture of bluegrass and white clover is also a very popular one. Precautions should be taken in all cases to obtain grasses whose percentages of germination are high. In some instances mixtures of low percentages are placed on the market. Following the establishment of the lawn for best results it should be carefully handled and not neglected. A very good rule to follow is to never permit the lawn grass to go to .seed, Inasmuch as this tends to cause it to deteriorate, and result in a poor or unsatisfactory lawn. A point that is fre- quently overlooked is that the land should be permitted to pass into the winter with a considerable growth in other words, it should not he mowed very closely in the fall. This is done In order to protect the young grass roots during the winter. Many of the most successful lawns are rolled. Especially is this desirable in the case of a new lawn. This is done to compact the soil and cause the grass roots to take a firm hold. Frequently the grass roots are loosened by the freezing and thawing during the winter season and rolling is n« sary to overcome this condition, other instances angle worms leave the lawn in a roughened condition and the this. sometimes made in watering lawns. It is better to thoroughly soak the soil by laying the hose the ground and permitting the flow freely on one part for hour or so and then move it to another place. The sprinkling method is satisfactory if continued long enough, but frequently this is not done. The soil dries out with the exception of the very shallow layer at the surface. Only surface applications of fertilizers to establish lawns are made. Where stable manure is used it should be applied very early in the spring. In some instances mistakes are made by applying fresh manure in too large quantities, there being too much soluble material added for the grass, the result being either the killing out of the grass, commonly spoken of as burning out, or a decided setback to it. If fresh manure only is available it should be applied very uniformly over the surface at the rate of one hundred and twenty-five pounds per square rod. As previously stated, however, the rotted manure is better on account of less danger of the introduction of some of the troublesome weeds. The manure should be carefully removed from the lawn shortly after the grass begins to grow in the spring. Where the manure is not made use of top-dressings of nitrate of soda at the time growth begins may he used at the rate of from one-quarter to one pound per square rod. Precaution should be taken to spread it uniformly over the surface and when the grass is not moist, or when the dew is not on it; otherwise, the leaves of the grases may be burned or injured by the nitrate. Subsequent applications of similar quantities may be made as the lawn demands it. In some instances the nitrate of soda is dissolved in water and sprinkled on the lawn; usually, however, this Is not necessary. % Ammonium sulphate should not be applied to lawns that are growing bluegrass or white clover inasmuch as it will cause them to disappear and other less desirable ones may come in. It should not be overlooked, however, that if the soil is limed about every four years, topdressings of ammonium sulphate without lime drives out the injurious effect to these plants. Investigations on the use of ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate on lawns over a period of twenty years or more show conclusively that the use of am-sulphate without lime drives out the bluegrass and clover, as well as several other grasses, and also a number of troublesome weeds that may come into the lawn. If one is desirous of growing such grasses as the red-top, bent grasses and some of the fescues, the ammonium sulphate should be used and the soil left acid. Acid phosphate should be applied to the lawn about every two years at the rate of three hundred pounds per although finely ground limestone carrier of phosphorus may be used about twice at the rate of five pounds per square rod. Connecting Links--For the Sunday-school teacher and Bible class student the best helps for the study of the life and work of the great apostle will be found in the available commentaries on the Acts and Epistles. I would recommend also the following: Bosworth's Studies in the Acts and Epistles (arranged for daily reading), PatteTson Smyth's Life and Letters of St. Paul, Stalker's life of Paul, R. D. Shaw's The Pauline Epistles, Ramsay's St. Paul the Traveller and Roman Citizen, and Lake's The Earlier Epistles of Paul. Next to our Lord Himself die greatest and most outstanding figure of the New Testament is that of Paul. A thorough-going Jew, of a strict Jewish family, an ardent patriot, a lover of his people and of their ancient faith, a man of quick impulses, zealous for the cause which he had at heart, indomitably persevering, and yet with a deeply affectionate and generous nature, he attracts and holds our attention from the first. The first three lessons of our present series show him to us as the Jew and Pharisee, the lessons that follow, as the Christian preacher and teacher, traveller and missionary. It was Paul who first saw clearly the significance of the gospel message for the whole world, and not for the Jews and Jewish proselytes only. It was he who conceived the noble ambition to be an apostle to the Gentiles, called of God to that great task. From the narrowest of Jewish circles he stepped forth as the leader of a great international movement of brotherhood and good will. His ambition was truly imperial, being nothing less than to win the empire of the world for his crucified Master, to break down race barriers, and to build a temple of humanity, in the midst of which Gcd, by His spirit, would dwell. Christianity might have become the religion of a Jewish sect; Paul made it what Jesus had declared it would be, a world-conquering force. Acts 21: 39. A Jew of Tarsus. We are fortunate in having, both in Luke's history in the book of Acts, and in several of the Epistles, definite statements about Paul's earlier life. Here Luke tells us (chaps. 21 and 22) of Paul's return to Jerusalem after his third great missionary journey, and of the riot which was stirred up against him by bigoted and narrow-minded Jews, who hated him for his preaching a gospel of salvation to other nations, and for declaring that the Gentiles would share with the Jews the future glory of the Kingdom of God. Paul was rescued from the mob by the captain of the Roman troops which held the castle, or citadel, of Jerusalem, and was afterward permitted by him to address the crowd from the castle stairs. To the captain's inquiry as to who and what he was he made the answer of this Tarsus, the city of his birth, was the chief city of the province of Cilicia, in Asia Minor. Paul's family must have belonged to a colony of Jews which had settled there, and he held by inheritance the rights and privileges of a free citizen of the Roman empire. He must have foeen familiar with the Greek language from his childhood. In the schools and in the university he must have become acquainted with Greek and Roman literature, and with the philosophy and poetry both of the east and the west. The university of Tarsus rivalled, indeed, the two other great seats of learning of that age, Athens and Alexandria, and was reckoned superior to them in love of learning by Strabo, a well-known ancient writer. Tarsus received students from all parts of the world, and sent teachers abroad to many lands. From Tarsus Paul went to continue his studies in Jerusalem under the great Jewish scholar, Gamaliel, and so bene an accomplished scholar both Greek and Hebrew. Acts 22: 3. According to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers. Of .the Jewish scholars and teachers Gamaliel was one of the greatest. He was grandson of Hillel, founder of one of the two Rifobinical schools which had an extraordinary influence over the minds of the people in the time of Christ. That he was also a man of tolerant and liberal views appears from the story told of him in Acts 5: 34-40. Under his teaching Paul studied the books which now form our Old Testament, and in particular the ancient laws, which the Jewish doctors had sought to adapt to the needs of their own time in what has come to be known as the M-ish-ua, the central and oldest part of the Talmud. From this school of Gamaliel Paul (or Saul as he was then called) was taken to become an officer cf the supreme council of the Jews, the Sanhedrim 22: 28. Free born. Paul's father must, therefore, have also been a Roman citizen. The Romans were masters of all the lands about the Mediterranean Sea, and of large parts of Europe and western Asia and northern Africa. The privileges enjoyed by those who had the rights of citizenship were very great, and Paul found afterward in his travels, when in difficult and dangerous places, that he could rely upon protection from Roman officers and magistrates. His Greek learning gave him approach to the people of many lands, and his Roman citizenship gave him protection in his great missionary work. 2 Timothy 3: 14-15. From a child. It was near the end of Paul's life, and while in a Roman prison that he wrote this letter to his younger and dearly beloved friend Timothy. Timothy, like Paul, had been born and brought up in Asia Minor. His home was in Lystra (Acts 16: 1), his mother was a Jewess, his father a Greek. His childhood, no doubt, had been like that of Paul, and by a good mother he had been carefully taught in the holy scriptures. The Old Testament stories, poetry, and prophecy were familiar to him. and Paul urges him to continue in these things which he had thus learned, and which were able to make wise unto salvation, not in themselves, but through the faith of Christ. What Paul says here about his friend may very well reflect the lessons of his own -childhood, and we do not need to doubt the genuine and sincere piety of those simple Jewish homes, which was fed upon the sublime and pure teachings of the Old Testament. Deut. 6: 4-9. Thou shalt teach them. In the time of Christ and ever since, in devout Jewish homes, a sincere effort has been made to keep this command. These words are repeated morning and evening. The law and the prophets and the psalms- are diligently read. It would be strange indeed if the Jews did not thus learn much that is good, and as a matter of fact there has been developed in many hearts and homes a real faith in God, and a sincere desire to do good. We, who have received the inestimable gift of the knowledge of Christ, should seek to know and to understand better the people from whose homes came both Jesus and Paul. Application. There may be men who, as we are sometimes told, are beyond church influence, but there are few with whom the church has not had its opportunity. Abel the worshipper and Cain the murderer; Moses the man of God and Pharaoh the oppressor; Elijah the prophet and Ahab the idolater; Miriam the prophetess and Jezebell the serpent; Nero the incarnate demon and Paul the apostle; Wesley the evangelist and Voltaire the mocker; Chalmers the savior and Napoleon the destroyer--all these men were children once. In their cradles there slumbered the energy which afterwards went forth for blasting or for blessing the wor'.J. Why Cool Air is Bracing. Every one knows the bracing effect a walk on a windy day. Now the secret of this feeling of vigor has been explained in a report issued by the Industrial Fatigue Research Board, which has been making experiments in factories throughout England, says a London despatch. • It is pointed out that a cool skin encourages exercise, stimulates deeper breathing, increases circulation and-aids digestion. The physical properties of air benefit the body, and when battles with a sharp autumn wind it is the "air bath" that gives the feeling of vigor with which all are familiar. Factory owners and theatre and moving picture proprietors are advised that for the most beneficial results their rooms should be cool, rather than hot; dry, rather than damp, with a diversity in temperature and a brkk air movement. The committee also states that the color of clothing worn has a marked effect on body temperature, darker clothing being warmer, irrespective of material. ^mr ool The outlook is for continued low prices. Ship your lot now and get spot cash. You will be treated right. Wm. Stone Sons, Limited WOODSTOCK, ONT. Established 1870. HEAVY. FULL GAUGE NO 9 WIRE PERFECT^ GALVANIZING- WILL NOT PEELORCRACK 1 FULL LENGTH ROLLS FENCE For Sale fry Hardware Dealers Tfie CANADIAN STEELE!RE GUMiM) < HANILtQff, ONT. \\ \\wiNH/PEG„ MAN* y=rr ^mi^U=^^^^b^r----=M3