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THE COLBORNE EXPRESS, COLBORNE. ONT. THURSDAY, OCT. 6, 1921. St West. Toront* Storing the Potato Crop. | of the hole may be lined with boards Storage is an important part of jto Protect them from the earth falling potato raising, where the crop is not! !n' .though the earth may be^braced •old direct from the field. The should be stored in a dry, well venti ated cellar which is perfectly dark. Great losses, unnecessary, occur each year from carelessness in storing the potato crop. The tubers are placed in wet or comparatively warm and poorly ventilated cellars and piled in great bins, giving almost ideal conditions for the development of the disease which may be in them and very favorable conditions for healthy potatoes to develop rot. The expense of putting in a good system of ventilation in a cellar is soon offset by the better condition in which the potatoes keep, and the profits increase fast when they are properly cared for. At any rate, a good circulation of air should be provided around the stored potatoes. Instead of piling them against the wall or cn the floor, slats should be nailed a litt.e apart about six inches or more from the wall. This insures efrcula-tion of air behind the pile. A temporary floor may be put in about six inches above the cellar-bottom with crack between the boards. This also pe: :nits circulation under the pile. Thc.i if the piles must be made very large, square ventilators of wood made of slats and running from the top to the bottom of the pile should be put in here and there through the pile. These, with the ventilation at the sides *nd bottom will keep the potatoes in much better condition than if they are in a solid pile. Another good plan is to keep the potatoes in large crates made with back with poles. Pill the hole.to a height of three and a half feet with potatoes, then place small logs along the sides and roof. The depth of this side log and elevation in the centre of the roof is to be left as an air space and no straw or rubbish whatever is placed on top of the potatoes. A roof is made with poles placed close together. There should be but a slight elevation at the centre of the roof. When the poles for the roof are in place there should be a little hay thrown over them to keep the soil from falling through. The roof should be well sodded and some of the loose dirt which lies at the side shoveled another foot of well-rotted, dry horse manure will keep the potatoes during the most severe weather. The natural ground heat from the bottom keeps the temperature fairly even. In a pit this size there must be provided three ventilators, each of which is about four-by-six inches, which may be made of ordinary boards, one ventilator placed at each end of the pile and one in the centre. These should: be put in when the sod is being put on, and made long enough to reach out of the mulch of manure. The ventilators must be closed in very cold weather by putting old sacks them and when the weather becomes' frosty the centre one is kept closed all the time. No potatoes should be directly under the end ventilators, a the drip of water from them might A thermometer may be slats close enough together to protect j used to test the temperature. But the the potatoes from falling out. The! temperature should not go much below Ventilation between these crates ! forty degrees in a pile of this kind, assists in keeping the tubers in good j If the pit is dug four or five feet long-condition. The temperature should: er than the thirty feet, and covered be kept as near thirty-three to thirty-j over, this will make an excellent place five degrees as possible. The cooler \ to- take out potatoes early in spring potatoes are kept without freezing the without moving the remainder of the better. Not only are the seed potatoes ; pile. injured by being permitted to sprout! If a small quantity is to be stored during the winter, sapping up their J and also where drainage conditions j A Banker Who Kept a Cow. j This is the story of a Wisconsin | banker named Jost, who was not satis-! fied with merely telling farmers how they should farm better, and with lending them money to do it with. Believing that many of his farmer customers were not getting as much money out of dairying as they should, he decided to set an example for them. The results he got surprised him as much as it did the farmers. Mr. Jost is cashier of a bank in New London, Wisconsin. He bought a grade Guernsey cow, which he nam- ri ed Cherry, and installed on a town lot Preserving Eggs for Winter. because he had no farm. So he had to The comparatively low price at buy all her feed and roughage, and which eggs have been selling during even bedding. But he made a success! the present summer is no indication of his dairy-farming, though farmless,: that they will be cheap next winter, and, being a bank cashier and used to! The provident housekeeper will there-figures, made a second success on top fore put down a supply to be used from the late autumn until the early spring. There are two preservatives that have been found to be about equally valuable for preserving eggs in good condition. Water gli sodium silicate, is now very generally used, but some householders dislike to handle this product and therefore lect lime water as the preservative material. Experiments carried on for many years at the Experimental Farm at Ottawa, and referred to in Exhibition Circular No. 42, have proved the value of this solution. It is very important that the eggs be stricly fresh and those that are stained washed clean. An ordinary crock or keg is a very suitable receptacle. Lime water suitable for egg preservation is water carrying as much lime in solution is possible. About one pound of lime is sufficient to saturate 70 gallons of water, a little more than is needed in practical experience because of impurities found in the lime. From two to three pounds of lime is about the proper amount to use for five gallons of water. The method of preparation is simply to slake the freshly burned lime with a small quantity of then stir the milk of lime so formed into five gallons of water. After the mixture has been kept well stirred for a few hours it is allowed to settle. The "saturated" lime-water The Welfare of the Home A Canadian Product--By Mary E. Ely. past six to seven in the evening for milking, feeding and bedding. Her ground feed was balanced on her milk yield--for every three pounds of milk Cherry produced her owner fed her one pound of ground feed for the first nine months, then one pound I The only child, that over-protected to every two pounds of milk the next' and unprotected little soul, whose par-two months, and a pound to every; ents are so unintelligent in their de-pound and a half the last month. She; sire to be intelligent, so inconsistent produced 10,670 pounds of milk dur-jin their consistencies! ing the year, equalling 461.33 pounds i He is an appealing child, even in of butter, or 576.76 pounds of butter- most trying moments, and a word fat, or 5,062 quarts of milk. his defence may soothe and encourage of that--a complete record of everything that Cherry ate, slept on, and yielded. Farmers round about had a good deal of fun at his expense for a while, but one year later they were coming to get the banker's cost figures. They wanted to know how he id it. There was such a demand for the sod to make a total depth these figures that he printed them in of sod and earth of one foot. Then a little pamphlet, and they are reprinted in "The Banker-Farmer." Cherry made a profit of $117.83 her first year, allowing $10 fertilizer value germinating'powers, but the potatoes are injured for eating purposes as well. And when they are held for spring sales, the shrinkage is larger where they have not been cool enough. The storage room should be arranged so that during moderate weather air may be let in during the night when the temperature is lowest. The ventilator should be closed during the daytime. --^The custom of storing the surplus crop, not marketed direct from the field, outdoors, is growing, especially where drainage conditions permit. To store, say one thousand bushels, a hole in the ground fourteen feet wide, from four to four and a half feet deep, and about thirty feet long, will give sufficient space. The sides and ends ;ood, it is advisable to vate not more than six inches. The shape of the pit should be long and narrow. The potatoes should not be piled too high. Good wheat straw is the best litter to use over the potatoes. This should be carefully laid with the general direction of the straw up and down the side of the pit and thick enough to be about six inches deep after a Iayer__of earth is thrown over it. When the weather grows colder add more soil; then later still another layer each of straw and soil. Before extreme temperatures are here a. heavy coating of clover chaff will keep the f pit dry and free from frost danger. I Where no chaff is available give the' pit another coating of st heavy application of dirt. from manure. Everything that she ate was weighed and charged against her. Her diet was varied--over two tons of mixed clover and hay, with two tons more of beets, rutabagas, cull potatoes, cull cabbage, cornstalks, wheat . bran, hominy, ground oats, ground barley, cornmeal, oilmeal, and three different kinds of mixed feeds, along with stock conditioner, salt, and .five and a half months on rented pasture. Her milk was weighed daily, tested for butterfat, and the milk and buttetfat used in Mr. Jost's family credited to her account, at the price paid by local creameries. The bank cashier had a regular schedule for feeding and milking Cherry, worked out by the clock. It took from a quarter past six to seven in the morning to milk and feed her, a few minutes at noon to feed and water her again, and from a quarter "I believe all children good, If they're only understood, Even bad ones, 'pears to me, 'Sjes' as good, as they kin be!" The only child is surely sinned against rather than sinnir.g. He has much with which to contend, this lonesome child, having no legitimate vent for his social life with those of his own kind, in years and stage of development, no one who can think his thoughts, play his games am" little viewpoint. "At evening when the lamp is lit Around the fire my parents sit, They sit at home and talk and sing And do not play at anything" sang an only child, our whimsical Robert Louis Stevenson. It is companionship .a child craves, and an opportunity to establish relations on his own plane with other children. Of course a little child dearly loves the undivided attention of his elders, to be singled out as an object of attention, the satellite around which those loving him revolve. He Is at the mercy of those persons who at times overwhelm him with attention and affection as the mood seizes them, then, when the child least expects it, thrust him aside without a word. He is constantly being experimented with, - and by inexperienced parents, who to follow any other profession but parenthood, the greatest one in the world, would fit themselves for it by years of study and research. A nurse can keep a child physically fit, she is trained for it. Parents should go into training, curb their selfish pleasures, and become sane, balanced, earnest, lovable, prayerful in their conduct toward this only child, j Then he can build right standards of 1 behavior, and control, thus producing the mental, moral and spiritual qualities essential to good citizenship. A worth-while slogan provocative of thought, was released at a Child Welfare Club,--"The chief business of society, to evolve parents fit for children to live with," to which we might add FroebePs illuminating words "Come let us live with our children." The Farm Women of Canada BY EARLE" W. GAGE. The new attitude of women in general towards the land and sire so many of them evince to get back to the out-o'-doors life, has been very noticeable since the conclusion of the war. The past two summers hundreds of women and girls have flocked to the farming districts and toil in the open air, and this has beep. ing. attended with the most gratifying su^- T One hundred pounds of gain from each 294 pounds of feed was the mark set by an Indiana farmer in growing his spring pigs last summer, fr time they averaged 35 pounds until they reached 135 pounds. When I ; ;ked him how he lid it, this U; said: ' I have learned that I cs si , ,.s most economically during the summer when I feed two or three I Is of feed for each hundred pounds of liveweight on good clover At weaning time he was feeding ration of ear corn, wheat middlings and ground oats. The last two feeds In equal portions, were mixed into thick slop with a limited amount of skim mlik. This ration was continued after weaning until the pigs reached an average weight of 45 to 50 pounds, the pigs getting all they would clei up twice a day. When they had reached the above weight, the grain ration was gradually reduced, and approximately equal parts of ear corn, ground oats, ground barley, and wheat middlings were fed from this time until new corn was available. "I did not weigh the pigs to determine how much to feed them," he said, "I simply estimated their weight and fed 2% pounds of feed per 100 pounds of estimated weight. When the pigs weighed approximately 50 pounds apiece, I fed about 1% pounds of graii per pig each day. I gradually in creased the amount as the pigs go1 heavier, maintaining the ration of 2 Ms pounds of feed per 100 pounds of live weight as nearly as possible. "Experience has shown me that I can grow my spring pigs economically by feeding a limited grain ration, provided I have good pasture for them. I like clover pasture much better th blue grass. Blue grass is all right during the spring months, when the growth is green and plentiful, but di ing the summer months it gets tough ity, or when there is not enough of it to supply all the forage the pigs will eat. When the pasture is lacking quality or quantity, I feed a little J th Labor and other organizations terally besieged with inquiries from women and girls who desire work on the farms, not in a domestic capacity but in the open of the fields. Women took up practically every phase of man's work during the war and in the majority of cases carried it out as well as her brother. When the termination of hostilities inevitably relegated many of them to their former lives and environment, it was a hard matter to take up the old onder th: farmer's wife driving a harvest while her hnsband accompanying machine' i an shocking the grain\as she cuts, but this is casional and the wife of the modi farmer finds her time well occupied in her household duties, her poultry and her superintendence of the dairy- Thei l to be found, howe1 of them, seeing their c n opportunity, and ovi when the growth ceptionally good, I feed a little less." This method of feeding gave him exceptionally growthy, well-grown shotes by the time new corn was avail- able, just the kind to make economical ing of the armistice gains hogging off corn. When they ilization of the land limited -owded, look-h green pastures awaiting the development of hu' man hands and minds. Since the sign-ith the demob-correct- went to market at seven months of iy> since the availability of transport age, they had eaten only 355 pounds after the return of the Canadian' of dry feed for each 100 pounds of troops, women from the British Isles gain from weaning time on. This gave and elsewhere have crowded The good layer will than three or four fingers' distance be-.-een the pelvic bor.es and the point of breast-bone; five or six fingers' would be still better. There and woody. The pigs do not like ItJ should also be good distance from the margin of $877.68 on 83 head, after the cost of feed had been deducted. Taking into account all costs for feed, labor, equipment, etc., from the time the sows were bred in the fall of 1919 until the pigs were sold, the net profit was $606.01, or $7.30 per Pig. With such management he will ce tainly continue to make money spite of lower prices. Strong-smelling butter is caused by various things. The most common cause is exposure to vessels and rooms that are ill-smelling. The fat of butter also goes through a process of decomposition when kept too long, when rancidity occurs. Butter that is properly made, and kept free from bad odors, should keep sweet, if cool, for quite a long time, comparatively speaking. The feed has nothing to do with it, as a rule. However, when certain foods like onions, for example, are fed, the odor will be transmitted to the milk. The same or green rye. The : just after milking. steamers arriving at Canadian ports, and thousands have made the trip via New York, rather than wait months for a St. Johns or Halifax boat. Many were war brides but the greater i ber consisted of those for whom employment had gone with the return of the men from the front and who, finding themselves belonging to a class of two million superfluous women, decided to start out anew in a virgin field where their efforts were not only obviously needed but urgently sought. This movement continues unabated and every steamer sees part: fresh-cheeked English women arriving under government auspices to find for a St. John's cr Halifax boat. Many of them belonged to various batal-lions of the women's army, many are experienced land workers, others followed pursuits purely feminine. Groups are bound for domestic service, others to fruit sections for light land work, and still others, with limited capital, are taking up small pieces of land for themselves. Groups of women go straight from the boat to linen mills and other factories, being engaged in the old land and brought out pplies to cabbage! by the management of these indus-le is to feed these I tries. I It is. a burning question in the older _ _ countries just What opportunities I await vver.isn and girls in America, not less j especially in Canada, where an organ- iondon journalist), make a decided success operating a grain gr mixed farm. This, however, presupposes a good deal of capital to initiate the enterprise, and such 'cases are very 'few. Four ex-army nurses of Montreal who, evidently suffering from the disease of the returned soldier, thought to take advantage of the soldiers' settlement act which permitted them to take sol-land grants for their services •seas and make the long trek to the milking qualities Spirit River district of the Peace River I tained, and beside off and poured over the eggs, previously placed in a crock or v/ater-tight As exposure to air tends to precipitate the lime (as carbonate), and thus to weaken the soluti sel containing the eggs should be kept covered. The air may foe excluded by a covering of sweet oil, or by sacking upon which a paste of lime is spread. If after a time there is any noticeable precipitation of the lime, the lime-water should be drawn or siphoned off and replaced with a further quantity newly prepared. It is important that the eggs during the whole period of preservation be completely immersed. Water-glass as purchased at the drug store is a clear thick fluid resembling extracted honey. In its preparation the water used should be boiled, and experiments have proved that the solui' THE CHILDREN'S HOUR little strength recommended tacle in which it is sold. After Harold Dean had walked a whole mile to the home of Uncle Ike Johnson to buy a puppy, he was somewhat disappointed. Only two puppies were left, and of these the aged owner intended to keep the better one. "I'm sorry," said Uncle Ike, "but if you'd got up an hour earlier this morning andiiad come over here as soon as you ate your breakfast, you'd have had the chance to pick the best out of three, besides the pup I'm keeping for myself. Sonny, it's the early bird that gets the worm and the early fellow that gets wha! he goes after." The birds had awakened Harold ..... that very morning. He remembered is thoroughly satisfactory! how sweetly they had sung and how Building Up the Ewe Frock. which wool has been selling during the present season should not discourage the keeping of sheep nor the care given the flock that are to be maintained. Indeed, the situation affords an opportunity to improve the existing flocks with little outlay of money. The dications are that the low prices are )t likely to continue, more especially for the finer grades of wool, because Canadian manufacturers are learning Canadian wools, which are now sold in much better condition than was the case some years ago before official grading was practiced. The best time to purchase ewes is on after the Iambs have been wean-the breeding and l be readily ascer-iple time northern Alberta. Here I available for preparing the flock for they have taken four quarter sections, the next crop of lambs. Strong, w-ell-in the middle of which a cabin "has covered shearling ewes are seldom erected, and have commenced disappointing, and might very well zed effort i< his class of i n a growing :ng pi igrants, much needed In Canada the atiy balanced, which field to wo- their operations with the utmi fidence of success. However, such cases are exceptional, and woman's place on the large farms of the western country is usually as a helpmate to man, in which it must be said, there are thousands of openings. The gentler phases of farming appeal to women, especially the robust, sturdy out-of-doors type, and this mode of livelihood is particularly appealing to those girls who worked on the land during the war, and in the experience they gained learned to love the free, untramelled life. In British Columbia, especially in the settle., fruit areas, many women are operating small orchards or fruit farms and doing all the work entailed themselves In the same districts, near industrial centres, many women finding poultry raising a profitable means of livelihood and a calling which does not overtax their physical strength. Still others find a sot healthy revenue in beekeeping. In the Niagara peninsula anc fruit districts of Ontario the conditions prevail, and here women are to be found wrestling a iiving the pleasantest environments a working conditions from the easily yielding soil. Each year sees a mi gration from the cities and towns t< the orchards of the Pacific Coast province, of women and girls of every profession and calling who find picking and packing fruit a profitable as well as pleasurable manner of spend-holiday. nen of Canada may be said to have tackled most things and made fair success of them, even to attaii ing cabinet rank in the provi ' half thej he, wishing to arise, had delayed ' delayed until--well, an hour later he had opened his eys and found the sun fiercely greeting him and all outdoors. Would Harold buy the lone puppy, The comparatively low price at the only one for sale ? Uncle Ike want-h,Vb ™™i h«L ^ii;™ ed to know. There was nothing much the matter with the baby dog, just flappy ears and bad markings. "Though he isn't much for beauty," Uncle Ike said^" "he's most likely smarter than his better-looking brothers and sisters. The prettiest is hardly ever the best. Besides, what if he is Hobson's choice? He'll grow up and foe a fine friend to you." Harold was puzzled. He could not figure out why Uncle Ike used those two odd words, and what the old man had in the back of his mind. "Hobson's choice?" the boy asked. "Yes," came the answer. "It's this pup right here or none." Presently Harold dug down into his pocket and brought out three fifty- . cent pieces and a quarter. Now how much did he pay for the puppy? "I'll call him Hobson but make it Hob for short," he said, "if you will tell me what Hobson's choice is." Uncle Ike smiled. He shook his head from side to side. It was a secret and he couldn't tell; that is, he would say constitute at least a portion of extensive purchase of new stock. These ewes should have the run of the stubble fields, not sown to clover or old pastures, until the end of September, and then given access to a rape or clover field. If this green food is not plentiful, it will pay to feed a small quantity of grain to make sure the ewes are strong and thriving well when bred. This is the secret of having a large percentage of strong twins dropped. It may be well, as claimed by some, to breed from ewes themselves twins, but even so, they must ■be strong and thriving well to ha' the best results because not only i nor does it furnish the protein minerals that are so abundant in fresh pasture growth. Clover grows during the summer months, furnishing a continuous growth of succulent, rich pas- "There's no profit in feeding a limited grain ration to pigs during the JTOmmar if the pasture is poor in qual-, •ound to the on the other side. In other words, the abdomen should be large and roomy, indicating that the hen has a large capacity for the assimilation of food and for the production of eggs. The skin of the abdomen should be loose enough to suggest an udder that has No tribute is too great or worthy which can be paid to the pioneer wives and mothers of the Canadian agricultural regions, but as a general rule agriculture is carried out on too large and expensive a scale for women to take any but a supplementary part. It is not uncommon to see a to secure legislatures. In fact, the presiding officer of the British Columbia parliament is none other than a woman, the first in the entire British Empir.j to occupy this stately and important position. Indications are that girls are becoming more and more attracted to the active side of farm life, and it is significant to note that the 1920 graduating class at the Ontario Agricultural College included the first wo-! man in Canada to take the degree of j trough, when the farrowing hi Bachelor of Scientific Agriculture. I moved to a clean site. larger returns be assured, but the lambs will be stronger and more likely to live and do well, providing the treatment of the ewes continues good up to lambing time. It is of great importance that the flock be dipped before the cold weather arrives. It is exceedingly poor policy to feed a horde of sheep ticks as will be the case if the dipping is neglected before the housing season. The details of dipping are covered in Bulletin No. 12 of the Live Stock Branch at Ottawa. It is entitled Shi Husbandry in Canada. "Look it up in your father's big dictionary," he called after Harold. "A fellow keeps what he gets by working for it. Nov/ if I should tell you, it would most likely go in < le ear and straight out of the other. Look, it up yourself and you will always remember it." Harold carried the puppy in h i arms, for it had kind eyes and a win-":ng way. When he arrived at home he got an old-fashioned soup plate and 'jj | filled it with milk. The new pet wig- A Portable Water Trough. For the movable farrowing house that most swine breeders now prefer, an excellent watering trough can be made from the end of a 50-gallon barrel. Each barrel will make two good troughs. Saw squarely through all the staves about two inches above the third hoop, thus making a trough about 10 inches deep. A circular cover is made of one-inch pine boards nailed on strong cleats and fastened to the trough by means of thumb nuts. In the edge of this cover a semicircular opening is cut, five inches in diameter, while directly beneath this the edge of the trough is cut down flush with the top; Plant a tree. You can do that much of the upper hoop. ] for the next generation. The oak is This trough is not easily upset. Itj noted for its strength; the blue sprues keeps trash and dirt out of the water, for its formality; the birch for its And it keep the water cool. It is grace; the basswood for its ease; the than a concrete| evergreens for their warmth, and the veeping willow for its sadness. Blessed is the man who plants a tree, wagged his thanks in real puppy style. A few minutes after the wee animal had dined and then dropped asleep, Harold Dean went to the stand that held his father's big dictionary. He pressed the clamps and opened the big book. He turned to the letter "H," then to "Ho," and to "Hobs" where he soon found the term he was looking for. In a corner at the bottom of the page he read the two words that Uncle Ike had spoken, also the small print that followed them. This is what Harold saw: "Hobson's choice: take what is offered or nothing--so called because Tobias Hobson, an English stable-keeper, required every customer to use the horse which stood nearest the Just at that moment Harold hear.! a whine and some clumsy scratching at the door. As Harold opened it the puppy toddled between his master's legs. Harold stooped, grabbed the furry fellow, and said: "You were Hobson's choice sure enough, the only one left, and you're Hob now and forever. How soon will you learn your name?" Hob soon learned to answer to his name and Harold was always very glad that Hob was Hobson's choice.