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ITS ALL WRONG THE CORPORATION AND TRUST" SYSTEM IS CONDEMNED. -- No Longer Government Of The People By The People, For The People "Soulless Cor- _Porations Bind Us Hand And Foot To Their Will, One of our foremost Canadian writ- ers in political economy, in discussing the American situation as long ago as 1887, said : "Within the last genera- tion a danger to American liberty has manibated itself, in the power of wealth concentrated in the hands of a few." And he goes on to say that be cause this danger to American liberty if closely associated with great under- takings, such as railway and telegraph «nterprises, and the development of our manufactures and commerce, the public have been blind to the cmin- ous significance of such conéentration of wealth. Now if this blindness on the part of the American public be true gs regards the past, it is true no longer, The pub- lie, or part of the public at least, are waking: up to the danger that threatens their political liberty. Threatens ? Nay, not threatens, Fut that has already taken possession of it. For if what Collier's, the great in dependent weekly newspaper «f{ Am. erica, says in a recent issue, be irue, the American people gre free no longer, their freedom is only a freedom ip name. For in an editorial, in the js. sue September 24th, this paper gsserts that nat only do corporations rule entire states, but that some states, noticeably New Jorsey, "allows corpor- {ations to be formed on almost apy [terms they wish," and {hese corpora- j time "are scattered ip their actual | workings all over the United States, bi * * and exploit the whole country." { And this Paper asserts that it is im- | possible to fight these corporations let the people chafe never so much under i the injustiea of their rule, for any at- | tempt to overthrow one would he re. sted by all the others whose charters {are formed on the same plan, and the expense. would ba very slight to any 'such corporation, as all the others would help tofpav anv legal expenses | thus incurred. And "each new corpora- | Hon copies preceding charters and thus | the whole band" says Collier, "is ip the same boat, prepared to resist the legal offorts * * « * induce the courts to modify 5 charter." So great and far-reaching has the power of corporations hecome that the i United States senate that controls log- slat n is itself controlled, almost wholly, by these corporations. The {king of the publican senatorial group 1s a man who receives $50,000, as at- tornvy for a railway, and who "was helped into polities by the railroads and has been in their employ as lobby- i*t."' And the Los Angeles Graphic, of California, after mentioning the domin- ation over New Hampshire by the Ros. ton and Malne railroad, = and also { Moting statements to the effect that many states are ruled by railroads, Bs asserting that corporations not the people are the real the United States to-day, last California legislature lately controlled by one F. Herrin, of the Southern Pacific, re- presented by his three lieutenants, John C. Lynch, who really re-elected Perkins senator, Jere Burke, and Wal- ter F. Parker. Says the Canadian writer, quoted In { the beginning of this article, whey dealing with this question in his cele- brated work, "Politics of Labor' : "Look at the great monopolies--the trans-continental railway lines--the coal companies--the manufacturing combinations, the telegraph corpora. tions, the land-grabbing rings, and the landlords, whe own block upon block of property in the heart of the great cities---the capitalists, who by a stroke of the pen can raise the price of the necessaries of life, "and we might also .add that these different in- terests mentioned gre often owned and controlled by the same men; i.e, the owners and operators of the railroads often also own and operate the tele- graph, and are also the owners not only of vast tracts of land; but also, very often either directly, or indirectly hy means of furnishing the funds to organize companies or hy becoming themselves, by means of their agents, an lategral part of such companies they own block after block in the busi- ness, and residence part, of our large cities. And therefore the same set of men who fix the freight rates for the business man and farmer, also practi- and rulers ip says the was ahso- man, William for the farm he uses. In vi fact that this set of men has monopo- lized all the available wild land, they also, frequently, organize into com. panies under other names, fix the price he shall receive for his grein, and after it has all men fix to 4 large extent, the price the consumer shall companies for this same grain. these same companies, under other names, composed, let us not forget, very often with some slight modifica- tions gnd _ additions, men. fix, when the farmer becomes Yoete, fix, we gesert, the rate of interest, terms upon which many of the trust and loan companies take a mor upon the farm. And after the farmer loses his farm, they also fix the price the city when he gravitates to the city in search 'of a joh. : Said one of the city teachers to (he writer of this article recently, rents are simply dreadful in the city of Toronto, Teo and even three Jamis lies, often finely-enltured, respeet people, are crowded together into one house; houses that a very few years ago were very seldom oseupi by more thah one family, Said the writer, "How is they build more houses ?"' She re- plied, "Why don't vou understand ! It is a company. They have bought up all the available rental property, not only the houses, but the gvailable trol the building operations. It pays them better to get a big rent for a few houses than a small rent for a large number of houses. And the of the city are perfectly . They have got to submit to t company's ry 'Now, if this be true of our city of Toronto, and it is 240 own | cally fix the prige the farmer shall pay ! been bought up, these same : in his turn pay these ! And | of these same | and the other ; he shall pay in rent for his house in ' true to a very considerable extent, them it is 'to a much greater extent the case vin the .] American cities 'where modérn conditions and business methods are erystalliving hoch more rapidly than with us. Now, as it 'seems to the writer, all this modern tendency to organized capital and corporation rule is wrong. It is too onegidet. There has got a af" a proper balance in everything. m- mense wealth in the absolute control of a few companies on the one side, and poverty and the rest of the na. tion on the other side, is certainly im- properly balanced distribution; = im- mense power almost winder the ahso- lute control of a few corporations, comprising hut a handful of men, and immense political and legal helpless- less paralyzing the the nation com- prising millions of le, is certain- ly Maio political power. You may give it what name you choose, You may call it democracy, a "rule of the people, for the people and hy the people." And those same people may shout themselves hoarse on elec- tion day over their free representative government. Still the fact will re. main that the people do not make the laws, nor do the people's repre- sentatives make the laws, but the power behind the representatives make the laws, and that power is not the people, hut the corporations. And we gained some little idea of corporation rule in our sister republic across the line in the great Penhsylvania coal strike two years ago. That corpora: tion eared no more, apparently, for the inconvenience of the public, for comfortless homes and freezing fami- lies, than they had previously cared for the starvation of their helpless "picce-workers" living in bark huts and in a condition of squalor and wretchedness inconceivable, A man, let him be ever so wealthy or powerful, even to the extent of he: ing a king, can be called to account. He is a morhl being, ean he held in check by iaw, or, that failing, hy public opinion. But a corporatiom is not a man, and canmmot so he held, in chock. We cannot, by public censure, bring home responsibility for their deeds 'to a corporation, for there is na owe to oénsure. The directing pow er is so distributed, and there are so many agents and intermediaries, that when the public tries to bring home responsibility for deeds done and un done to a corporation, they receive the sensation, as a lady writer said regarding another matter, of having come up against a soft eur tain where they expected a solid wall. And these corporations can no more be held in check by law than they can by public censure, in a coun try where, as "Collier's Weekly" says they themselves make the law and even if they do not, in all instances, and in every state make the laws that govern them, still they have so much money whereby to fight oie that, where they so choose They can successfully olude justice. Now we do not, of course, mean that the men composing the directing force of a corporation, are necessarily in the ordinary transactions of life, less just and fair than other men. We only mean that as directors of a great corporation, they have got to leave such considorations as human- ity, justice, ete., out of their caleula- tions. And the only question asked by them in their corporate capacity is: "Does it pay a large dividend 7" and if it does all other considerations must be put aside, and the only ek- tenuation or. excuse offered for injus- tice or inhumanity is "business is business." --E, JOHNSON. Briefly Stated. The last eight years um- der liberal rule have been marked by unprecedented progress and prosperity. Never were the farmers so well to do, so happy and so comfortable. Never were manufacturers so busy. Never were workingmen 80 much in demand. Never did they get better wages. Never did Canada bulk so largely in the eyes of the world. Greater progress all round has been made in the past eight years than during the past previous eighteen years. FLEE EITIVES 4490409044444 FEFFVVEFLEIIIRPIH 44 +4333 4 PERFECT FOOD Preserves Health --~ Prolongs Life. Walter Baker & Cozs &P Breakfast &) TRADE MARK that ! Why don't ' vacant lots as well. And they con- | Costs less than one cent a cup 41 Walter Baker & Co. Ltd. Established 1790. Dorchester, Mass. ' Conditions Emable Workmen In States To Work Faster, With Greater Nervous Energy--Con- dition Is Better In Some Ways In Europe. Kingston, Oct: 3.--(To the Editor): Jonn Mitchell, the well-known labor leader, who the negotia- tions for the miners in the great strike some time ago, is now making a tour of for the purpose of in igating condition of labor there. fie has written a series of very readable letters ing his impres- sions of the condi of the laboring i Britain and Europe, F in a number of the loading United States and Cana- dian newspapers. In letter No, 12, of this series, summarizing the result of his investigations, he contrasts the condition of the American working- man with that of kis European bro- ther, and unhestitatingly states that nearly all the advantages are with the American.; He says 'in part : "Generally speaking, the material situation of 'the American workingman is far = i to t of his Kuro- pean bret] . Although 4 ges, hours of labor, and general conditions of work are far from satisfactory in the United States, the situation of the American workingman in these res. pects is better than that of the Euro. pean workingman. Wages measured both in money and in what money will buy, are higher in the United States than in England, and are much higher in the United States than in Germany, France or Belgium. The working day to be slightly longer in the United States than in England, and somewhat shorter in the United States than in Germanv France or Belgium.' The intensity of work is much greater in America than in anv of the countries named, There is less idling, less dawdling, less '"sol- diering," and more precision and ae tivity in the work of the average Am- erican than that of the Englishman, Frenchman, or German. The produc tivity of labour is also far greater in 'the United States. The average Am- erican workman produces in a dav 'much more than his European broth er, and the higher wages which the American workman receives are, therefore, often compatible with n lower cost of production than is pos- sible in Farope. This greater ouput of the American workingman is due to the fact that, owing to his better nourishment and better training as well as to his better éducation, he is able to accomplish more and to work with greater musenlar and nervous en- ergy. Moreover, the higher wages of ( the American workingman constantly stimulate the employer to introduce labor-saving machinery and to effect economies which are not at the ex- pense of the workman. In addition, the great natural resources of the country and the larger and more offi- cient manner in which industry is or. the American emplover to pay higher wages without entailing a greater cost, 'which fact should be borne in mind when estimating the advantages and disadvantages under which the American workingman labors, In Europe as in America, one con- stantly hears the statement that the dollar of the American workingman does not go further than the shilling of the Englishman, the mark of the German, or even the france of the Frenchman or Belgian; in other words that the cost of living is in propor tion to the wages earned. othing could be further from the truth, The standard of living of the American workingman is far from what it should be in a country of surpassing wealth and great natural resources, but it is higher than the standard of living in England, and much further advanced than on the continent. The European workingman spends less on living because he has less to spend, and he receive: less of the decencies, comforts and luxuries of life than does the American workingman. He lives on less money. but he lives also on less food. He has fewer clothes, and they are of poorer quality, and his lodg- ings, with some exceptions, are much worse." "On the continent also relations be- tween employers and are not so favorable as in the United States, There are, perhaps, fewer strikes, and there may even be less direct friction, but in these countries the workingman whether unionist or non-unionist, is not accorded tho so- cial position which he enjoys in Am- erica, and his organization js not, ad a rule, recognized or dealt with, Even in England, the independence of the workingman appears to be very much less marked than in { 12 and 14 St. John Street MONTREAL, P. Q. "In mo country--not even in Eng- land--do the working classes possess the same opportunities for voicing their ideas and ideals as in the Unit. ed States. In our country most of the trades unions publish journals, sup- plemented by scores of other labor pa- pers, which many of the great city daily are distinctly friendly to the cause of unionism and devote many colums to labor pews. In England, on the other hand, the larger devote scarcely -any space to the do- ings of the workingmen or their re presentatives, and both in that coun- to be a dearth of intelligently directed to the working classes." uch statements as these, coming as they do from an ardent advocate of the rights of the laboring man. should give our Canadian workmen food for thought. His lot as compared that of his Furapean fellow workmen must. be acknowledged to be greatly 'superior, and should make him have a eare lest he should through unjust de- mands bring about an influx of work- men from across the Atlantic who would probably be willing to work for very much smaller wages. In only a few particulars, Mr. Mitchell savs are "the European workmen better those of thi: ganized in the United States, permit | try and onthe continent there secins' Won't you try Gin Pills at our expense frec--say in what aw ad ; ? Do oder Ow, BOLE "DRUG CO. Dept. 3° | » ? It costs nothing, Simply a ana al a ne t-- Tora Srenghls he organs, aad tees card. Ask ns "w men who are killed in an accident, and inthe provision for a pension to the workingman in old age. Speaking of these he says : "In some respects, however, the con- dition of the working classes in Ku- rope is very much superior to that of their brethren in America, Both in England, and to a still greater extent on the continent, regard is manifested for the safety of the workingmen and there is less of that reckless spirit in which the lives of thousands of Amei- ican workmen are sacrificed to the profits of the employer. The number of accidents to employees upon Am- erican railways is very much Qreater-- both absolutely and relatively--than in any counbet in Europe. The num- ber of miners killed or permanently in- jured is far greater in the United States than in England, or upon the continent, and in practically all other industries the death rate from acei- dents is less than in the United States. Moreover, in Europe, the in- jured and disabled workmen and the widows of the workmen killed are not thrown aside to become a burden up- on the community, but in all these countries provision is made by some system of insurance to gua these against unmerited . misery. Also in many countries provision is made for the insurance of the workingman against illness, old age and invalidi- ty. In most of the countries of conti- nental Kurope he can look forward to the payment of a definite pension in case of illness, or when, through age or weakness, he is unable to work longer," But Mr. Mitchell cannot blame the employers here for neglecting thes: L things. The fault lies not with them but with the--toeal and Dominion gov- ernments, and incidentally labour leaders themselves. Tt js the duty of these latter to urge upon the government the necessity for such legislation ax will protect the work: man from accidents, provide him with inmirance against accidents and pro- vide for pensions for aged and invalid workmen. Let the labor strive towards these ends and "ey will be doing a great work to improve the conditions of labor, a far greater work than they can ever do by order ing futile and destructive strikes for higher wages at a time when the eon. ditions of trade will not warrant the payment of higher wages. =LABOUR, Er me ------ 'When think bavecureda Yor cold, but Eee is taken from a series of sp solid rock bottoms at depths ol than 1000 feet, and Is stone-paved reservoir. conducted fo a Is entirely free from acid or any kind of impurity. Suparior to all others as regards ® Ask for Carling's Ale -- Sc! cause no other is quite so good." APPEARANCE, DURABILITY and CON DY'S MATCHES. LIKEWISE EDD a J.