PAGE FOURTEEN. THE DAILY BRITISH WHIG, SATURDAY, MAY 8, 1909. - a * GREAT IND VENERABLE AEB ( -- ie) wisi THE 'CITY OF WESTMINSTER WAS SO CREATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1900. we rigs It Covers An Area of Four Square Miles and Has a Population of 200,000, Which Does Not Indicate Crowding--Municipal "City of London" Covers One Square Mile. Westminster Abbey; From "London Town Past and Present," Cassell & Co. The City of Westminster, which covers an area of four square miles, was so created by Royal Charter in 1900, albeit for a brief period during Henry the Eighth's reign it was a "City" by right. When Edward VI dissolved the bishopric, it remained a "city" by courtesy only until the end of the 19th century. It con- tains besides the Abbey, St. James's Palace, ckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament and offices of the Government, the Royal Pal- ace of Justice, the new Roman Catholic Ca- thedral of Westminster, four of the Royal Parks, the chief clubs and innumerable man- gions. It has eleven parishes and a population of about 200,000 which does not indicate crowding. The municipal "City of London" adjoining covers but one square mile. The beginnings of the great and venerable abbey which became the British Valhalla, arc shrouded in legend. A king of the second century is said to have built a Christian church here on the site of a heathen temple. The Norman monks of the eleventh century, ac- cording to the "historical methods" of that re- mote day, contrive d interesting records, among them the legend of Edric the, fisherman and the salmon, We ¢ getting nearer history when we come to Edward the and the story of his rebuilding the monastery and church of St. Peter in Norman architecture His was the first royal funeral the Abbey. For When it was ready for consccration he was on his de Lady Editha (the royals consort called queens) had to take t By his own request the Confessor was there buried, and immediately after was the first coronation in the Minster than a and William the Conqueror, the "haughty Nor- man" was crowned--the most f.all the coronations which either Edward's Mbbey has ever witnessed re-- Confessor in th bed: and his wife, the were not then he King' tae he place Less dramatic oO its It ig interesting for the Henry VII chapel, among the houses demolished was one in which the last year of his life, exactly a century fore. - The poet had received an extra pensic of £36 and on Christmas Eve, 1399, he leased for fifty-three years f Henry the Third's Lady Chapel. But he before the first year of his lease ended In the vicissitudes of the Abbey's history we find the origin of the familiar bing Peter to pay Paul Dur spoliation the proc eeds of the lands was devoted to repairs Cathedral. Another common phrase, born the Abbey, is "Queen's Weather When V toria was kneeling before s Archbi he placed the cre nt head, sunshine fell upon making as upon the diamonds in crown, a halo. coronation of James I (1603), son of Queen of Scots, marks the hirst Anglican ce mony in crowning a British Queen (Anne of Denmark), refused. tl ment on the plea that "she had already chs ed her religion once--the Lutheran. fc Presbyterian." The learned and famous Lancelot (one of Dr. Whyte's heroes) was a Westminster before he became a Archbishop Trench, to whom the chur versal beautiful hymns, dean to hold services in the nave (Dec. Stanley was the great Dean and beloved; and during his tenure (1864 to 1881) Westminster Abbey came inth its own again in the nation's life--"not merely 1 Tat Temple of Silence and Reconciliation, which it 1 been, but als 1 | of Anglicans and where Nonconformity they and 'the preach from the lecture nthe 1 the Church of th was the peri which wa with orchestral pcco 1 1 t April, 1871 can pSta also effect restoration of vef/Chapter" House and front of the nol trans i live to sce ¢ with his wife in Wenry VI Dean S wis ch he chaplain-in-o officiated : and Duch house that or Successor be- m 1 time of Abbe) wn 6 her, the soverel Andrewes Dean bishop of h unt vas tl first 3, 1859) 1¢ owes long mi cven allowed the the did not 1881 buried t, win and, ; Ty ta Stanley, 1s I'S ch pel a favorite at court Wales, tour, Prince of his aplan accompan Oriental Queen Victoria of the he received Carl) his life of Arnold Rugby is his outstanding contribution to Ing Literature, his "His torical Memorials of Westminster Abbey" re mains his most charming volume He des eribed the cdmngpation of George, the first the Hanoy ud who had neither courtesy nor PT C1 future subjects. "1 explained by the minster who could 1 who 1d t which both have spoken very impe ctly wag remarked that the result was "bad language n - The last ¢cign to be buried in the Abbey was George'II. Mary Queen of Scots lies in the same vault with that gay swashbuckler, Prince Rupert and three children Charles the First. Thomas Fuller tells of the death bed of one of these royal children, four. years 'old: "Being minded by those about her to call on God even'when the pangs of death were '1 am not able,' saith she, 'to say my ¢ Lord's prayer), but I will say Queen of igh to learn the language of his cerem had to be it 'speak speak nics German, to the King English, in | atin sover of upon her, long prayer (th my short one, Lighten 1 sleep the of little lamb gave up tl Queen Elizabeth, 'lie mine eyes; O Lord, lest This the Mary's enemy, sleep done, s in a vault in the same ch d funeral ever took place y than Cromwell's, which cost £60, Under Cromwell and the Purit the onalized and so fared bet- Cathedral and many } arct No more splendi in the 00. Abbey "became ter ot other time there, te independent House of buried his and "his chapel, The story ofCharles IT's than sO me a Presbyterian ¢ but breach betweent P and ndents became d held anted them. mother, jtecture warship ngregation by ns acu services Lromwe his 3 year | to learn that to make room | Chaucer spent | a house in the garden of | died | For some pped sister favorite wzhter in Henry VII's |9 revenge upon { wholesale and retail liquor dealers. ---- . ---- the body of Cromwell is familiar to school child--and upon all Puritans there save six who were overlooked. How it happened thit Addison is buried in Henry VII's chapel is not told, but there his dust lies. In the north aisle of the nave "rare Ben Jonson was entombed in a standing posi- tion, varions traditions accounting for the strange posture. every buried One has it that, dying in| poverty he begged of Charles T "eighteen in-| ches of square ground in the Abbey." Another story is that whed the Dean suggested the Poets' Corner, Jonson said: "1 am too poor for that, and mobody will lay out funeral charg- es for me. .No, sir, six feet lang by two feet wide is too mach for me; two feet by two will do for what I want." And the Dean promised. That it was so has been proved by a gruesome | enbugh story. When the adjacent floor was | opened in 1793 for another interment, the skull | and some red hair was seen; and again in 1849, | when another grave was dug there were seen | the lez bones fixed upright and "the skull came rolling down the said from a position | above the leg bones to the bottom of the new- | ly made grave. here was still hair upon it, | and of a red color." Surely cremation ought | to be tire law for interment in any national { valhalla. Such stories as these make us think | of the great Minster as a huge charnel-house. | In the Poet's Corner lie the bones of many | of England's emingnt men from Chaucer down | to Browning and Tennyson, who lie side by side. Among them are Drayton, Spencer, Dry- | den, Cowley, Campbell and Gay. Garrick and Henry Irving lie at the foot of the Shakes- | The western part of the south | Johnson, Ma- | pearean statue. transept is the "historical sitle." J cauley and Bishop Thirly lic there. Close to Johnson's grave is that of Dickens and near | by is "that of tomb we would | rather expect to find in the Poet's Corner. | Here bust of Ruskin, whose body i would have found its last resting place @ ong | himself, not willed that wherever he might happen, Handel, whose is a hel hit | | the great, had he, should be buried to die. r The north transept is known as the "States- | I men's Aisle" Since Pitt's, Gladstone's was | the first state funeral in the Abbey. In his | great biography, Morley tells how "foreign | sovereigns. sent their representatives, the| Speaker of the House of Commons was there in state, and those were there who had done stout battle against 3im for long years; those {also who had sat with him council and | stood by him in frowning hours. Even men { most averse to all pomps and shows the that declare so audibly here were on in on occasions aiftl scenes their f a deep and moving § great ¢ n now laid am | heroes." | the chotir aisle monuments to and t We in the north the me morials a to great musi- Sterndal Benfiet "and Balfe. The { monuments and graves of the nave include | Newton and Darwin, Herschell and Lyell; | Lord Clyde, Sir Janes Outram and Lord Law- ence, e heroes of Britain's Indian Empire. In the centre of the ndve lies David Living- stone, than whom no greater hero ever lived, as followed hy romantic adventure His body carried by ss Africa through perils to the England, is a 1 y ly conscious icity. befitting a the kings and | nothingness, itize itize south 1 twa aisle who w al- most unique in history. devoted native disciples 2 savage tribes and other whence it cro hostile coast; wis sent to familiar story. Within later years history has been made in the Abbey; but it is all fresh in our minds. I'he f its bu r throughout the cen- turies, and the desc in of its various parts | with : tran- | pels, the Jerusalem Cham | { Cloisters, and the | two very edition of story « the nave, choir, the the the Chapter House all tc compact numbers 'London Tw + Pi Race Prejudices Not New. Ell race septs, Various ¢ ber; | monuments W.T The the ncouver, question 1s no gravest form, in ern Francisco, or 18 + Vi but of the world. | Especially serious is it in China, because the Euro- and" American fave, "on the whole, treated | natives inferior beings anti-foreign | sentiment in, China may, be .t lack of brotherliness in whi India Similas: justice of Britain's rale can scarcely be questioned, but the Indian has been irritated and fmade rebellious by the refusal of : white mer to treat him as a brother man. | modern | Souts States, in Sin on the other side pean the as The raced to the simple | men. Thewcase #n| 18 | m 1s issue. It m the race question : the first Christia Greeks and outer world as all Gentiles con beyond * the pale shudder' in India, wa in the Jews of old. Chris one line of division er social and religious n century with in-| Romans looked upon | "barbarians." Che | wtuously ; they | stem, at g and bit- | xisted tensity. Jew Were I'he caste s which we as stron ter and unbrotherly undertook en men tanity ly betw systems 'had apportioned men into upper, wd lower Christ drew a vertical line; side were the lgood, on the other the bad. of d of Jewish Chris-| . the religion of Jesus projected a concep- | f broherhood. Tt judged men only on the | basis of their attitude Christ. i Soptroves jes agitated the early church { tion. Paul had to withstand Peter to his | The Jeivish church had its faith and vision | ed in the effort to admit Gentile Chris- | Yet this was the tri- classes natural sposition toward Serto over this| f sorely te b tians on an equal footing. umph of the early church. 1 out tell-tale lines round mouth and brow, when 1 in gate Refuge he was ready to blossom into a | i Miracle of Spring Time. stale, that, when | lirectly on our | The wonder never grows sends its rays more side. of the earth, the iron bonds of the win- | ter's frost shtuld be and the cold, | | dull ground speedily be over spread with a| beautiful robe of green and springing { lowers and leafy trees. ; s a spring time of the: soul when the hard soil of selfishness is softened, and up the sweet and pleasant plant of a pure and noble love. When David and Jowathan met, their and self-sacrific- ing frfiendsh i f sun loosened grass TT i {¢ There i the grows true ip and good-will. rer ambition melted away, and into | brou The he prince's pri an he | he | the | Sprir promise 1d best ing never fa N soul t 1d purpe To have them we must yield our is the Sour | feelings teh {to the influences of Him whe 1 A 3 OC 1d true "The saloon would close the church if jt ! could. The church could close the saloon if | it would" In Canada are 11,943 churches, | with 2.209.392 communicants. . There are only distilleries, 96 breweries, 14 wineries, 6,000 | {are past helping themselves « | seemed as tabout him | 11.1 middle | | | | It is Iplasphemy, scathing, wit T laccumula | state WAGERED FOF TEARS THE RESCUING OF EDUCATED MEN IS A HARD PROBLEM SAYS A WRITER A Sad Story of a Deadbeat"s Existence--He Had Travelled a Thousand Miles Across the Sands of Australia and Afterwards Met His Death. The Treasury. Was there ever such a shameless, graceless, plausible, and impudent insinuating cadger in all the world before? 1 declare I think not, or certainly he never came my way. Picture to yourself a middle-sized, §tubby-bearded, blear-eyed specimen of humanity in a battered and stained old straw hat, greasy coat buttoned up to unshaved chin to hide the absence of shirt; trousers that bagged and sagged as they were supported by a thin leather strap, and frayed themselves over disgraceful bulged out boots. He was dirty, he was unclothed; his eye was sinister, his" whele aspect villainous; {and he came slouching up to Bishopscourt and round to the ¢lergy--secking work! But when he opened his mouth, then you must needs admire his bragging self-conceit, his imperturb- able importancet When he wrote a begging letter, you could not fail to recognize the literary style formed at Oxford, the ring of the trained journalist. : 1 oust introduce myself, Mr. Easton, since ou hail from the same Alma Mater. 1 taken the liberty of bringing before you we b have {my temporary incapacity to meet my liabilities. The fact is that the Governor of New Zea- land has just cabled to know whether I can join his secretarial staff, and [ have not exactly the amount to pay my fare. If you would kindly advance me £5, 1 would gladly give you my note of hand for the amount ' Then you made inquiries, and found that he had deen helped time after time, had been in gaol and workhouse and poor asylum and alvation Army Refuge. le was known to the wpoljee in Melbourne and Sydney, and Adelaide and Auckland; had been sentenced as a 'drunk," and detained as disorderly; had been a stowaway and a tramp, a journalist and. a secretary, a "sundowner' ¢ room. It was not the bestial appetites of the man and his monstrous record that was so surprising,' as the callous indifference to it all, the remainder veneer of culture and polish which he could assume. 'Well, Bishop, and how can you stand these colonials >a money-grubbing, paltry lot. With your scholarship and English friendships, this must be indeed exile. Perhaps you know my uncle: he was in the Cabinet under Mr. Glad- stone. No, I have not kept up my conmection with home of late. They do not understand the honest work of this larger world. Yes, I should be immense grateful for a temporary loan. Thank you! Thank you! I am proud to have made your acquaintance!" The poor bishop had had to advance half-a-crown to get rid of him, and the episcopal study smelt of old clothes and offensive slums for days after his visit, In due course my turn ¢ame. He had beén sleeping in the parks and cadging his food. He was disreputable and obscene, a very sink of all iniquity. True, I had been warned; but a parson's first duty is to care for those who Which of us knows when we may be in like case--would be now but for the grace of God? So when he appeared in the irchyard after Early Celebration one Sunday morning I took him into little stripped him of all his noisome garments, as best could be with Id ave him break fast, and bade him come and share my home 'But. my good sir, your reputation in the par- ish 1 : he sobbed with bitter nd ag lv my house, him done my « will be work, and work cave that poison ult begg BE you want,' have; and 3 and and you sh write "Too late, too late! And you tent, touched though u sha p your vag ing, I'm past changing now.' ning penis For a cel in him could be might think he was a reforr at t heart w KX It beast read voraciously, pored over the- oted- from own ar- ld of the great ork Journal, Gladstone,' the editor ; 'very down and write And he had sat down and told. in columns about the great man cruising in rd we know that what the tamed ology ticles iii the review coup he made for t 'You know Mr 1 said to 1 wile his and sermons, ( and 0 t New Y had well, sit four the Durham t wakes up,' Westcott I did 1 my wine, and td him in sheer dread and He and t tance it leave money about or housekeeper he could not him-- The lisgust t do him re left. 15t The fiend there was no p polic hot afternoon to say that thiey had arrested a drunken man who 1ad been baw! obscenity up and down the streets and was nov for me. lay in the padded wat ec s n I arrived, stertorous in sleep, grisly and t rible. In due course was taken b magistrates and given three months' hard labor. He took it quite calmly, oct weeks on some pre- text had got hims made dispenser' sistant. The regular food and routine fattened his . checks, othed out of the so that terviewed him next at the" Prison- Ww er 1c Ss as- sm some fruit sorter for the Army The 'patter'--he had mastered that in two days, could pray and alvation with the best of them all, deceiving the very There was no- thing half- his aping of the Army ways--it v thoroughgoing, melodramatic hering hypocrisy. They for falsifying kitchen dilate on his s fort elect. carted . turned him away ast o accounts, and he came to nie again. Verily, it is a problem with which we have wrestled, thi i f s rescuing ot men, prisons are ne ciety. Our criminal they only' dam the can burst out with f there is a sphere for is this, to devise some torrént for a »d strength. 1 lism surely it ea strengthening character g gentlemen 'dead-beats' from com: g others till S0C1 ns oi they are strengthened. aught dre mness oi ard from the e of the and 'asking for some stamps ths ight buy paper and ink. He had sackbss the sa lying out by ni and beggh by day. His main joy was to shiit the scene of his eugrgy. Then, in the middle? of a remindi "dead- beat's' ex mile wa thousand ght ks when it} Bishop | There he | educated | , they] oi g - ~ specially severe hedt-wave, the newspapers said that a tramp had been found in the mncty- mile desert, dead from thirst and starvation. He had 18st his way in the mallec-scrub, and must hzve suffered those wofst agonies of thirst which few survive to tell. The tragedy of his death, however, was not so great as his life. : Could we have helped him, tended him, built him up? Could we have scourged out the vices and made him a man again? There is sqme- thing wrong when such possibilities of good- nes: and power have been allowed to run waste. A hard problem. SPECTACULAR SACRED BURIAL. Held According to the Ceremonies of the Orthodox Greek Church. Christian Merald. The funeral of the Primate of Roumania was held in February according to the cere- monies of the orthodox Greek Church. The dead body was robed and placed on a throne, where thousands of his' friends were per- mitted to kiss his hand for the last time. On Tuesday morning the beautiful cathedral was crowded with priests, preparing for the funeral service. In the middle of the church, facing the altar, the dead primate was seated in a high-backed arm-chair, aressed in the richest sacerdotal vestments; the mitre, glittering with precious stones, ¢h his head; his crozier at his side, and on his knees the Book of the Gospels. His beautiful face, with its delicate features and pure white hair and beard, show- ed no traces of pain. After an ornate Service of an hour, the remains of the primate, still seated in the chair, wére taken to the funeral car, and placed in the midst of the plants and flowers which had been arranged thereon. Four priests stood round the chair during the progress through the principal thoroughfares of the city leading to the monastery, where the prelate had expressed a desire to be buried. The uncovered funeral car presented the ap- pearance of a raised platform on wheels, richly draped in black and drawn by six horses, and tlus the Archbishop passed, for the last time, through the crowds of silent people, surround- ed by dignitaries of the church in resplendent |. vestments, to the sound of cheirs of boys' voices, tolling bells, the prayers of priests, and the strains of a funeral march played by the military band. And just as he was, still seated in #his chair, he was lowered into the tomb and passed away front mortal sight. This spectacular funeral service suggests two important thoughts that seem to be op- | posed to each other. The first is earthly mor- | tality. In a certain sense, the service was a| i | mockery; the real man was not there, and the robes and badges of authority only empha- sized the vanity of earthly inequality and the fraility of his mortality. Many of the nations of the past buried their kings in royal robes. | Centuries after his burial, the tomb of one of | the greatest monarchs of France was opened, | and they found a gold crown, a sword and a | few jewels ghing at the little pile of dust that had been so proud to wear them. Death is a.great lcveler, and does not care anything for crowns or jewels or vestments. The other thought suggested by the funeral of the pre- fate is that of man's immortality. The placing him in the chair and carrying him about in the funeral car among the flowers, in the city which le loved, in view of the people whom he had served, to his resting place was an eloquent illustration of the fact that the head of the church} was not dead, but still lives. Every prayer offered, every, moment of com-| munioft with his God, every poor man helped | or orphan clothed or fed, every sorrow sooth- ed, every heart changed, justified his right to be counted alive; for those are the things that never die. funeral of every good man of | hi *h or low estate, while teaching the lesson | of earthly frailty, teaches also the immortality of holiness, faith and love. { Simaple Faith In France. The Wide World Magazine tells of many superstitions in France. A curious method is employed ncar Billiers, in the Moriban, - for relieving accute-forms-of headache: The 'suf- ferer pricks lis or her forehead with a needle until blood flows, then, with the same needle, pricks a certain cross near the village. By this jiieans itis believed that the headache is made t "enter the wobd," where it will remain for at least a fortnight. This "cure" is attributed to the intervention of the Virgin Mary, who is said to have appeared in 1874 where the cross is erected, with a promise that she would perform miracles "to prove her 'descent at that spot." Adjoining this cross is another reputed to be of. great service in the cure of | diseases of the scalp. All that the sufferers | need to do is to come and pray there, leaving | their bonnets or caps behind them, attached | to a forked branch stuck in the earth. i The inhabitants of Billiers put a large cross | in white wash over the doors of their cottages, so as to protect them against lightning; they stretch (cords over their huge iron stew-pots, and sit watching them for hours to see if they are vibrated by some unseen power---vibration being a sure sign that those who take part in the cxperimeit are to be happy for the re- mainder of the year; and on the fisherwomen | receiving the first.proceeds of a sale they fall | down on their knees to make the sign of thie | cross, which will ensure them having a pro- fitable day's work. 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