HYGIENE OF THE MIND AN ADDRESS GI! GIVEN BY DR. JAMES THIRD. the Before Frontenac Teachers' Convention--Tendeney to For-|[ get That the Child Has a Body As Well As a Mind. The followin paper on "The Hy- giene of the Sind was read before the Frontenac Hing convention by Dr. James Third, of Kingston : The adult human, brain weighs from forty-five to fifty ounces. With the| exception of the liver it is the heav- iest organ in the body, The weight of man's brain has not creased since carly Paleolithic times, but its powers and qualities have been, and are, steadily developing, The brain is made up of widts, which we call cells. At birth these cells are more or less independent. As the mind develops strands of fibres are thrown out and connections made between difierent 'cells and different groups of cells, It is estimated that the aver- age brain has no less than 3,000 millions of cells, The human mind is incapable of taking in the idea of even a milion units, We cannot wmagine, therefore, the complex me- chanism. of the human brain. If all the telegraph and telephone batteries and instruments in the world, with all their communicating wires, were thrown together and worked in har- monious relationship, it would be a mechanism not to be compeved with the human brain in complexity, The fact is, the human brain 1s the 'most wonderful 'and most complex mechan- ism in all nature, and, moreover, that complexity is inpreasing with intellec- tual development e more highly developed the intellect the more cells the brain contains and the more com- plex the connecting net wor An idiot has relatively few cells, and usually these are badly formed. Every movement of the hody is governed from: the central station--that is the brain. Early in life the brain cells group themselves together for certain functions. These groups we call "centres." Certain centres, or groups of cells preside over motion of the body; these are known as '"mo- tor" centres; certain ones over, gene- ral sensation, and these are ®™ known as "sensory" centres; and again cer- tain omnes over the special senses-- "epecial sense' centres. Now I have said that the brain governs all our movements. If the motor centre in the brain, for say the right arm, were destroyed, then the right arm would be permanently par- alyzed. Nor is that all. 1f the arm were amputated, at .say the age of cight, the motor centre in. the brain, for that -arm, would not develop. You will observe, theny the happy com- bination of action and reaction be- tween the brain and the muscles, and vou will perhaps understand the bet- ter, why kindergarten and allied ex. ercises ave necessary for the proper development for the child's brain, The phonograph offers a somewhat distant analogy ' of some of these brain processes. We have, first of all, voice with all its modulations, then the tiny electric wires to convey the energy-~the auditory nerves--and next the phonographic plate--that is a row af braip cells--to receive the umpres- sion. "hen we must have a con- siderable nymber of these phonogra- phic plates 'and lastly we must have them assorted ready for use. What piles of phonographic records lie as- sorted in every Foros brain ! Per- haps not all carefully assorted; we have met disorderly brains. The ma- terial was good enough but it lacked arrangement. To Develop The Cells. Now the function of the teacher is to develop in an orderly way these cells and to extend the communicat- ing lines that binds them together for harmonious work. Make the right connections between these brain cells and you have good conduct; make wrong connections and you have bad conduct. Yon will observe, then, that there is a physseal basis for conduct, It need scarcely be pointed out to a teachers' association that no two braine contain the same number of cells, or are capable of the same de velopment. It is a waste of time and worse to attempt uniformity here. To a certain extent we must allow each brain to unfold in its natural way. lt is a foolish noon of some modern - educational theorists, that every boy in the image of God, is capable" of developing into an intel- lectual giant, providing his mental training is properly divested. These faddists Cisregard entirely heredity. Every child's brain has from the be- ginning through heredity and innate capacity, fixed limitations, beyond which no efforts, no teaching and no favorable environment will make it any stronger, or more powerful, The hygiene taught is our sehools is largely the hygiene of the body and as far as it goes, good enough, perhaps, but surely this complex organization, this main-spring of our joys and sor- rows, of our loves and hates, and . of life itself, merits some more serious consideration, than it has been our wont to give it. No text book on hygiene is complete, without several chapters on hygiene of the mind. Per- haps few outside of a small section of the medical profession--the alienists and neurologists--realize this pressing need. This is terialism. men, essentially an age of ma- The mad rush for wealth by aye and women too, is responsi- ble for the creation of conditions of life on this North American contin- ent, the very tendency of which is to undermine the mental status of the individual, and, thereby, of the na- tion. We are inclined to the rapid developinent of material in; terests in this country, the true sec- ret of a nation's life. The measure of a community's or a nation's value to the world, lies not in its great wheat belt, nor in rich Cobalt mines, how- ever important these may be, but in its moral and intellectual standards, which 'alone are imperishable, We have a discase in this country, known as neurasthenia--nervous pros- tration--misdirected nervous energy would be a better name. It was first described by an American physican, and has for years been known as "The American Disease," because here it flourishes. It is largely the result of forget amid | LL ------_ sss bad methods home the years, of education, improper training during childhood, and so-called strenuous life in after Tottering At Asylums' Gates. Nervous energy is everywhere taxed to its uttermost. Time and again, j children have been brought to me by mothers, who venture a diagnosis of 'all run down" when as a matter of fact they are "all wound up." Their nervows enérgy bas been overtaxed-- their days are fidgety and restless, { their nights sleepless. The same may { be said of a The natural re- {sult of these social conditions is au | appeal to stimulants and narcotics. The practice to which this high-pres- { sure civilization prompts, of taking | stimulants of various kinds, during the day, in order that the round of duty may be performed, and then when night draws on, of goading the tired and jaded system into sleep with a Potion of bromide, cannot long be continued, and the mental status of the nation be reserved and respected. This is no idle dream. Such condi- tions we ve Such conditions dre the keys that unlock the gates to nervous ruin, that swing wide open the asylum doors. Perhaps you are not aware that one in every three hundred of our Canadian population is to be found in our asylums, public and private, and that thousands moré are tottering at the gate. Statistics show that in the province of Ontario, in 1891 there were in our public asylums 3,085 men and 2,770 women, a total of 5,855. In 1907 there were 2931 men and 8,159 women, a total of 6,090--an increase of 235. Them are probably 1,000 more in our private asylums, I have not the actu- al figures 'by me, but I doubt whether the population of the province has in- creased proportionately, Ome of the great causes of insanity in European countries is physical die ease, cspecially svphilis. In Canada this is a causal factor in only a very small percentage of cases. To here dity, faulty social conditions, and weak points in our educational sysiem must, he attributed the large share. The figures 1 have ¢. ..ed do not in- clude the insane jn our penal institu: tions, nor the imbecilee and idiots at Orillia. Tn this latter institution the census shows there are 775 persons mentally deféetive. Of late the admis sions to this institution have averaged about 118 a year. The Sphere Of Woman. What is the remedy for this breaking down of nervous energy? It is a large subject and we can only touch on some aspects of it here. Our treat- ment must start at the cradle. Homo life, home ideals and home training, must be improved. Parents and teach: ers must study, actually study, the temperaments of children ™ wen cla- [mor for woman's rigu.s, tor Votes, ete., and neglect a higher, duty--a work that none bu?™they can dol' It is hardly respectable now for mothers to care for their] children. The woman who is the possessor of a well-trained and well-balanced mind, will take in- finitely more plefisure in watching and dirceting the development of muscle and tho wonderful unfolding of mind in her child, than in joining any num- ber of friends for an afternoon bridge at so much a corner. We must not criticize her too harshly, however. Thig is one of the oulcomes of our so- cial conditions, Evéry mind craves for, and must have, a period of ex- citement, now 'and then, and if it is not trained to ge! that exhilaration in 'Child Study," why it must fall bac an subjects more easily acquired. Every effort to benefit humanity, must have before it a high ideal. Train the future mothers of the country in the simple eloments of mental hygiene, and the nation will be enormously the gain- er---public education, fot premature legislation, is the best way to fight any wrong or any widespread disease. Some general rules. It may be as sorte] at the outset that no set pro scriptions and rules, however wise they may appear, are applicable to all children. One thing is certain, or- der and puncivality should be the rule of tha lives of all. There can be no excepiion here. It should apply to play, meals, sleep and = exercise. The temperaments of children should be carefully studied; both by the parent and the teacher. There are at least two well defined types. Thero is the nervous child, with. brain perhaps a little over-developed, and thus un- stable in its action, where sonsitive- ness is too great. and in whom passion and ¢motion are too casily expressed. Such children are often difficult to manage, arc wayward, disobedient, and subject to gusts of causeless pas sion; they arc subject too very often to whims and groundless fears; they are fidgety, restless and lack in self-con- trol; they are usually thin, often cap- riciows ahout their food and all are candi lates for nervous ailments such as St. Vitus' dance, nervous prostra- tion and convulsions. Fat, Lazy And Awkward. The other temperament is seen in the phlegmatic, somewhat stupid child, un- reactive, insensitive, slow in imitative ness and wanting in keen emotion. Such children are apt to be fat, lazy, and awkward. Theg tend to sleep too much, noiscs distut® them little, théy suffer pain with equanimity and all their Sutward expressions of passions and affections ave deficient. I'need not point out to you that these tempera- ments require entirely different treat- ment, both in the home and im the school room. The nervous, irritable child, must be soothed; the phlogma- tic stimulated. In both the ' control- ling processes require to be strength- ened and developed. They are ghe phy- sical oguivalent of self-control and morality in after life. A few details: Sleep is the divine restorer of the nervous system. Hero order and punctuality should A sleepless child is always a ner- vous, irritable child, and usually an unhealthy ouc. During sleep the *pro- cess of building up braifi cells goes steadily on. A child's brain is apt to receive far more stimuli from the senses during the day than can be written legibly on its miniature pages. Each page' should only take on the again rule. If 'move ave applied, the 'printing is apt to bo blurred and thé page more or less defaced. Sleep sufficiont not only for the building up, birt for the repair, is the remedy. How many hours ? The nervous child should have | impressions of a few types at 'a time.S THE DAILY BSITISH WHIG, SATURDAY, Ra ! more than the phlegmatic. From seven | to fourteen years of age, ton hours a day may be put down, as ihe average requirement. Turning Sods Of Early Graves, Food : And here but a few words, because this does. not come specially | within your spehere of conirol. The school boy and the school girl should be fod on a not too stimulating diet, should live as much as possible in the open air, and school rooms and bed rooms should be weil ventilated, The character of the food, however, de pends to a certain extont on the cli- mate and on the season. Cold eli- mates call for more animal food. It is safe to say, however, that the grow- ing child in any climate should have, in addition to other foods, at least one pint of pure, fresh milk daily, and under certain conditions nmich more than this amount, In this country, where fruit is plentiful, there should be a plate of oranges and apples, or other fruits always on the sideboard, and not too many questions asked as to their consumption. Exercise : Muscular exercise as we have already indicated, is an essential to mental health. The technical edu- cationalist is prone to forget that the child has a body as well as' a niind. Proper physical training during school life is essential. Scholars who do net receive this training, suffer in speech, in writing, and in 'rhythmic move ments of the limbs, and in that great process of co- -ordination between mind and muscle. The lack of it is evidenc- ed in after life by awkwardness of ' gait, awkwardness of gesture, boorish manners, harsh grating speech, bad hand-writing, and coarse needle-work. You will observe I said "proper" physical training. This means gradu- ated oxercises. "Every now and then, some one performs a feat of great physical endurance, and the wildest en- thusiasm ensues. Thousands are fired with ambition to '"'break the record." Not a few by their reckless effort, in- jure the heart and blood vessels and turn the first sods of an early grave. Such is our present Marathon craze. BROWN, A.A, Mon- Directors. E. HERBERT President of the M.A First Meeting of God's Leaven. Mackay, in the Elected treal, by Isabel Ecclestone June Canadian Magazine What do I see in the Spring ? In the fresh grasses growing, The new leaves all budding, I'he soft breezes blowing, The brooklets all flooding tt is God that Il see in the Spring! The bleached winter grasses Turn green as He lingers To touch, as He passes, The trees with His fingers. The gentle wind blending The scents that are straying Is a breath of His sending For Earth's new arraying. The prison¥ee leaping Of brooks overflowing Of God the all-knowing. Escapes not the keeping The flowers that tarry In sunny-sweet places Are Earth's--yet they carry His smile on their faces! So do I see in the Spring All the love up in Heaven Turned steadily earthward Instilling the leaven That raises us birthward ! Home Girls For Wives. Catholic Register. In these day, when thing can péund a piano, there is no particular interest attached to the young lady whose musical education consists of five tunes and two or three heart-breaking wails, filled to qver- flowing with the mushy tenderness of youthful love. Sensible young -mem of means are looking for cooks and housekeepers and -not for prima don- nas and piano players. It has been discovered that the musical prodigies with their fancied artistic sensibilitics make poor, wives. The woman who can bake anda sew and keep a house clean and homelike are once again in general. demand. * _ And a man's idea of his own im- portance decreases as the grey in his hair increases. almost any- Cures Colds In Nose And Lungs. The easiest and pleasantest cure is "Catarrhozone'" which fills the nose, throat and lungs with healing balsams and pine essences that kill a cold in- stantly. You experience a pleasant sensation of relief at once. Soreness, congestion and irritation leave the nose and throat, the head is cleared and every trace of cold or Catarrh is cured. Catarrhozone is so sure, so pleasant, such a safe remedy for win- ter ills, that you can't afiord to do without it. Sold by all dealers, 25¢ and $1. Get Catarrhozone to-day. 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