CANADS HUNGRY YEAR THE TIME WHEN U. E. LOYAL. ISTE WENT EMPTY, & Three Years After the Pioneers Set- tied Down In Upper Canada There Was a Lean Year--Hungry Men Knocked Game Down With Poles ~--Ate Basswood Buds and Indian Cabbage--Next Year Plentiful. A few days ago when, although May had come, the sun refused to shine, and the snow failed to stay away, for the sake of something to' talk about besides the political scandal and the criminal sensation of the week, peo- ple asked one another what would happen if real spring failed to come; if the cold, rainy weather should con- tinue for weeks, and seed-time pass without the seeding being done. Of course, anyone can give a partial an- swear, for such abnormal and gloomy conditions would at least produce one result as certain as day is to follow night, And yet our history tells of a "hun- gry year" in Canada, oopcally in that part which now forms the gar: den of the Dominion -- the Great Lakes region of Ontario. But that year is long ago and Upper Canada was then a wilderness, except in au few places along the lakes where the recently arrived. United Empire Loy- alists were endeavoring to carve out new homes in the Canadian forests. "In the year 1783," writes C. D. G. Roberts, in his excellent history of Canada, "the great exodus took place, and the loyalists flocked across the border indo the land which they and their descendants have made great. They divided into two main streams, one moving eastward to the Maritime | flowing west- Provinces, north of the 'the other ward to the region Lakes." Those who went west settled along the sunny banks of the Niagara, around the head of Lake Ontario, in the peninsula, that lies between Lake Erie and Lake Huron, the banks of the St Lawrence. They made little clearings in the virgin forest, with the logs they constructed | huge habitations, and between the stumps they planted corn and sowed | wheat. Such was the beginning of Ontario. In 1787, three years after their arrival, sand just as they were thrown on their own resources by the | re- Government, "the stubborn soil belled against its new masters, and the crops on all sides failed." The remainder of that year and the first half of the following one became "the hungry year" in our history. The condition of things that year among the Loyalists of Upper Canada is deseribed by Mr. Roberts, who writes: "The people shad to dig those wild, tuberous roots which children know as 'ground-nuts.' Butternuts and beech-nute were sought with eug- er pains. The early buds of the bass- wood were gathered and boiled with the weed called 'lamb's-quarter' snd pig-weed and wild Indian cabbage. Game of all sorts was fairly abun- dant---deer, rabbits, turkeys, pigeons; but powder and shot were scarce, Gaunt men crept dbout with poles, striving to knock down the wild pig- eons; or they angled all day with awkward, home-made hooks for a few chub or perch to keep their families from starvation. In one settlement @ beef-bone was passed from house to house, that each household might boil it a little while, and so get a flavor in the pot of unsalted bran soup. A few of the weak and aged actually died of starvation during these famine months; and others were poisoned by eating noxious roots which' they grubbed up inthe woods As the summer wore on, however, the heads of wheat, oats and barley be- gan to grow plump. People gathered hungrily to the fields to pluck and devour the green heads. Boiled, these were a luxury; and hope stole back to the starving settlements." In the following autumn plenty was again showered upon the land, and from that time onward the settlers made steady progress. Of course, for vears their lives were those of a fron- tier people in a wilderness. Their homes were log cabins, their farms tches from which the trees had Pen removed, but still bristling with stumps; their food was simple and limited in variety, and their eloth- ing coarse and often scanty. Pork, beef and mutton were scarce because the supply of live stock was small, and increase in numbers was check- ed by the depredation of the wolves. A staple article| of diet was Indian cornmeal, from! which was made "Johnnie cake," the bread of the frontier. One of the delicacies of the cabin household was a pudding, made by bailing together pumpkin and cornmeal sweetened with maple sy- rup. Venison and wild turkey were plentiful, and so it was that to the musket and the shodgun, and not to the buteher, that each family looked for its supply of fresh weuat The ohiry brought by the Loyal- ists from the 'States' was made to lust as long as possible by means of working-clothes being made of. deer- skin. Nearly every woman wore ® leather dress. It was very durable, but with constant use became glhzed with grease. It was the practice to use strong lye in washing clothes and it is told that a girl attembied to clean her deerskin dress by wash ing it in such a liouid, when, to ber amazement and great distress, it shrivelled up to a bit of crisp leather. In her predicament she had to take refuge in the potato-cellar until her mother could fetch ua blanket, with which the girl eould cover herself Most of the household utensils.wer of wood, the white, fine-grained wood of the poplar being preferied. From this were made the forks, spoons, --plates; und trays in-use -Anr-every frontier farmhouse. Gradually these wooden dishes were replaced by pew. ter supplied the pioneers by Yankee peddlers who, with packs on their backs, went from house to house, and from settlement to settlemey] With much sconring this pewter ware was made to shine like silve:, Vive le Sport ! June 7,--M. Georges the on Monday Paris, Clemen- ccau--no reladon to micr--was- arrested, for shooting at the the Place de la Nation, in Paris. night, along | the shores of Lake Ontario and down : F ih pre- named bronze lions on ette for the first time in his life. "TOM DAVIS' STORY. Patent Campaign Yarn. laugh," said the Hon. Jacques Bu- reau recently in 'a gathering at the House of Commons. The Bolicitor- General laughs a ment, doubtless, being inspired by a multiplicity of ot ihings, of which Tom Davis' patented tory is just one. "Oh, Tom will tell it," he said with a shrug. "He hag the "copyright, and 1 won't infri "Tom" Davis, by the way, is he honorable Senator from BSaskateh wan. "Yes. I've told it a good a times," he. admitted gracefully. "Is that the one about the coon?" that he had told it thirteen times against R. L. Richardson, when the latter was running as an Indepen- dent. , this is the tale as told by Senator Davis: A traveler got stranded in a town cne day, with no train out for 24 hours. 80 he thought he'd go off and have a hunt. He borrowed a gun and away he tramped to the bush, Luck was bad. He hunted and he hunted and he hunted, and all he got was one small coon. He tramped home with his one trophy, and when he got near the town it occurred to him that the people would laugh when they saw him marching in with his lone victim. Just on the outskirts he met three little boys on their way home from school, The wurching grinned when they saw the coon, and the hunter at once offered it to them, *"'but," said he, "I'll have to ask you some ques- tions first, to see which will get it." "Now, you on the right," he said, "1 want' to know what polities you are, "I'm a Grit," said, the youngster. "Why?" wsked thE man. "Well," explained the boy, '"'my father and all my folks are Grits." "Good," commented the hunter, "and what are you?" pointing an in- quisitorial finger at the urchin on the le ft. "I'm a Tory "You are? Why?" "Cause dad is." "Good again," admitted the man | Then, to the little fellow in the cen- tre, "and what are you, my lad?" The child hesitated, his eyes bulg- | ing. "Bir-r-r." he declared. T 'm any- thing--anything for that coon. Such is at least one view of political "independence." EUROPE 78 CANADA. | Pleasant Things The London Sphere Has to Say of Dominion. wheat corner is helping to i boom Canadian-American farmers. | About 70,000 of the farmers are ex- | pected within the year, and probably | about 25,000 have arrived up to date. The American emigration to Canada does not mean that the Americans are all native born; as a matter of fact a number of these are Canadians " The returning, while probably one-third' | are Scandinavians from Minnesota | and the Dakotas who have just been | long enough in the United States to lesan English and to appreciate the good things offered them in western Canada, The British emigration does ! not really start until about the be- | pinning of March, but up to April 14 | about 20,000 emigrants from these | islands went to Canada. The Cana- { dian Pacific boats going out just now are all packed full, about 1,400 per boat, and a large proportion are emi- grants of farming class with capital. Ii Canada is advancing materially is not forgetting the necessity of for she is producing { much interesting literature and is also interested in art. An interesting | lecture on this subject was given at | the Royal Colonial ImStitution on | April 20 by Miss Emily Vaughan { Jenkins, who pointed out the cosmo- politan character of Canadian art. As a matter of fact, however, the first noteworthy artist was a native of | Upper Canada. Paul Kane, born | 1810, made it his life work to portray Indian life and customs, and his pie- tures have a, éthnographical and his- torical value yot yet duly recegnized. One of his contemporaries was David Fowler, R.C.A., an English-born water- color artist whose best work was done in Canada, and whose draughtsman- {ship and flower, fruit, and game pieces would have delighted Ruskin. Otto Jacobi, 'R.C.A., was another bril- » linnt painter of the same period, and Corneliug Kreighoff, a 'Bavarian by birth, did valuable service between the years 1849 and 1869 by preserving | many aspects of lower Canadian rural | life which® are slowly changing or have already disappeared. --The Lon- don Sphere. | | she a spiritual life, Ant Sauce. "During the lumbering operations in the Canadian backwoods in the winter," said a lumberman, 'the French workmen -- you know the French eat cocks' combs and snails and skate--season their beans and bacon with ant sauce. Nearly every trae that falls, you know, discovers a great colony of red or brown, ants These, the Frénch woodmen say, have i an ucidy, agreeable taste. They tone up the food like tomato eaichup or kling of salt and pepper, or they steep them in molasses. 'Strange to say, ant sauce, taken moderately, seefus to im- prove the health Now and then, though, the Frenchmen take too much of it, when their eyes become bloodshot and they shake all over as with palsy, exhibiting the symptoms of a man recovering from drunken- ness." Great Find of Quicksil¥er. A prospecting party on the worth | bank of -the- Saskatohewan, opposite Lost Rivér, reports a remarkable find of quicksilver. Following up traces showing in the river bank they came to a pocket containing four quarts. A ledge rich in quicksilver was discov- ered running ck from the bank, and the prospectors believe they have made a great discovery. | Warning To Centenarians. { Moscow, June Nestorofi celebrated birthday by smoking a cigar He deedth 'died half san hour later. etnias ww y Ce son Senator From Saskatchewan Has a - "Whenever I think of that story I | eat deal ;his merri- | agers Mr. J. G. Turriff, who was also in the circle, and he declared | . water | : swam to Jamieson, i been pickled walnuts. They dry the ans and eat them with a plentiful eprie_ "to 34.212. 7.--A man in Moscow : his hag: THE DaILY BRITISH WHIG, MONDAY, JUNE 7, 1909. ~ ARABIAN HEROES." i Actions of the Winners of Carnegie i Prizes In the Dominion. The Carnegie Hero Fund Commis- sion, which has just issued a re rt i of its operations, mentions the follow- | ing heroic actions having taken place in Canada: Michael A. Doyle, aged 31, ship la- | borer, saved Charlotte L. de Kastner, aged 17, from drowning, Quebec, April 28th, 1904. Doyle jumped into , the Bt. Lawrence river which was vai grt | intent on suicide. --Silver | ning with ice, and rescued the who was medal. Arthur J. Gottschalk, aged 24, store- | keeper, saved Phoebe Webster, aged | 35, from drowning, Crystal - Beach, Ont., Mrs. Webster, who was intent on suicide, and he then supported her in the water until both were rescued.-- Bronze medal, July 6, 1904. Gottschalk's canoe | was capsized in his effort to rescue Samuel M. de Sherbinin, aged 20, | jeweler, saved Alfred O. Burnham, aged 25, carpenter, from drowning, Langham, Sask., August 23, 1805. De Sherbinin swam thirty feet from shore and, after a struggle, effected rescue in Saskatchewan river, was ten feet medal. P. John Bibby, James Jamieson, from drowning, October 31, 1905. a steamer into aged 29, mate, saved aged 40. laborer, Bracebridge, Ont. Bibby jumsped from Muskoka Lake, and benumbed and exhausted while cling- ing to a small boat, sized during a heavy storm. impracticable to launch a from the steamer. Supporting him until the steamer was brought nearer, Bibby then caught hold of a life-pre- server thrown from it, and both were hauled on board.--Silver medal. William Raymond, aged 38, teams- ter, saved Victor Henry, aged 10, from drowning, Lindsay, Ont., February 27, 1906. Raymond, although just having recovered from a long siege of pleurisy, went out on weak ice on the Scugog river to Henry's assistance, and after breaking through swam thirty-tive feet to where Henry in the water. Swimming back to the edge of the ice with him, they were assisted to firm ice by others who | extended a board to them.--Bronze | medal and $300, to liquidate mort- gage on his property. William Gilmour, printer (Montreal Star), save John A. Moorhouse, aged 10, from drowning, Sorel, Que., July 1, 1905. Gilmour jumped from a steam- er into the St. Lawrence river, and swam after Moorhouse, who had fallen from .the boat and was being carried off by the current. He could not find the boy, and became almost ex- hausted attempting to swim back to the steamer, which was half a mile distant. He succeeded in reaching a raft, steamer, a "boat, It was jr., aged 34, attempted to and was later picked up by which, after much delay, had launched. --8ilver medal and $1,000 The American Influx. One of the most striking things in the history of the west is the inflax of farmers into Canada from the Unit- ed Btates. It has been said that fully 50,000 persons will cross the line this spring, bound for the rich wheat lands of Manitoba, wan. It has been less than 20 years since the rush to the wheat country of the middle States and now parts of this territory are being abandoned for the richer loam of Canada. Recently seventy.carloads of farm- ers assembled in Minneapolis with their wives, babies, pigs, cows and farming tools, wan. The settlers ure not poor. have accumulated small fortunes in wheat and they are going after more money. One young man was asked why he wanted to leave the States. "I like the proposition," said the young fellow. "The land is cheaper up there. One can get more for his money." . The aggregate capital in the party counting the cost of ferm machinery und stock represented along with the money to be invested amounts to $1,- 000,000 and the total output of crops pér year has been estimated in ad- vance at half that figure. A Strange Story, But True. Clergymen sometimes have strange experiences ' in their capacity as "joiners." A young woman called on a Church of England minister in an Ontario town a short time ago and said she wished to arrange to be married that | evening. "What is the groom's name?" ed the minister. "I don't know yet, ask- "' wag the reply "Don't know! What do you mean?" | just that [ haven't made up | "Oh, my mind which of two young wen I will take." "Isn't that rather strange? Hadn't you better leave the arrangements for the wedding till you have decided? | You'll have to get a license, vou know, and there isn't long to make up your mind." "Oh, no! There's no need. here to-night, all right, cense and everything. way home of my fellows want me. take one of two. mind which to take, w-night."" - own. A lot of young I'll make up my and be round Invested In Canada. The late Rev. R. R. Maurice, Ro man Catholic priest of the County of Flint, Wales, left an estate of $79,605, | the largest part of which consists of | ~ bank and other stocks in Ontario These are: $13,760; 62 shares Bank of Hamilton $11,780; 133 shares Dominion Bank, £14,363; 24 shares Bank of Commerce, $1,920; 230 shaves Cuan. Perm. Mort 7 20 shares | $2,806 ; Co., $1,050; 4 Gas, $4.275; total Cash in Corporation, Toronto Mortgage shares Consumers' stocks and shares, $49,955. Dominion Bank, $1,408. ed States there are assets amounting The estate in England and Wales is valued at $24,029. Frightened To Death. Munich, June 7.--A Bavarian peas- ant Who had never before seen phone, son's voice speaking to him that died of fright at Munich yesterday. who had become |°® which had cap- | lifeboat | | was | which had been thrown from the | Alberts and Saskatche- | bound for Saskatche- | Many | I'll be | with the li- | It's just this | I want to marry and have u | But I've decided to | 128 shares Standard Bank, | a tele-| was so terrified by hearing his | he | where the | deep. ~--Bronze | ByLydiaE.Pinkham's Vegetable Compound |! Gardiner, Maine.--*"I have been a great sufferer from organic troubles anda severe female weakness. The. doctor said I would have to go to the bq hospital for an = operation, but I Ee 4 could not bear to PY think of it. 1 de- etable Com und and Sanative Wash 3 -- and was entirely «a cured after three months' use of them." -- Mrs. 8. A. | Wirriams, R. F. D. No. 14, Box 89, | Gardiner, Me. No woman should submit to a surgi- | cal operation, which may mean -- | until she has given Lydia E. Pinkham' s | Vegetable Compound, made exclusive- ly from roots and herbs, a fair trial. | "This famous medicine for women | has for thirty years proved to be the most valuable tonic and renewer of | the female organism. Women resid- ing in almost every city and town in | the United States bear willing testi- Heny to the wonderful virtue of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. It cures female ills, and creates radi | ant, buoyant female heath. If | are ill, for your own sake as wel va | those you love, give it a trial. inkbham, at Lynn, Mass., invites all sick women to write | her for advice. Her advice is free, and always helpful. GARAGE KINGSTON FOUNDRY Repairs to Automobiles and | Marine Engines promptly attended 0 A Full Line of Fittings, Cylinder Oiland Greases in Stock. Gasoline put in your { our Dock. tank at Selby & Youlden, Ltd. Ontario St. Wood's Ph The Great English Tones and invigoratesthe femeds nervous syste ul, wakes nev Lilood in old Veins, Cures Ner: us Debility, ental and Brain Worry, Pes tondenry, Sex al Weakness, Fnissions, Sper wnatorriaa, and Effects of Abuse or Ercesses Price $1 ver bus, Mxior One will please, wd MH vate Sold hd ruggisty or mailed j- hake rec. on Jeo of of price. ne pamphle ree, M, © Co. > 10 CONTRACTORS & BUILDERS | The Perfect Brick & Tile Co., Wash. burn, Ont. | PAISLEY & CHISHOLM, Lessees Are ready to contract for immediate | delivery. rick that will stand inspec- | tion at reasonable rates. Capacity of | Maat 60,000 daily. | T | All Stock Must Be Sold Below Cost With. Sir gp LADIES' & GENTS' TAILORING +Owing to my appointment as Master Tailor of the R.O.H.A., I am torond" to close out my preeen: business at 238 Princess Street, at once. al in 10 Days. line of goods in stock, It will pay yon to take advantage of this big Bargain Sale. A splendid and everything to be sacrificed. SALE NOW GOING ON. COME TO-DAY. J. B. Ouellette, 238 Princess St. ABE Barefoot Sandals are all the rage this year. Every. body will be wearing them. Infants' Barefoot Sandals, sizes 3 to 10}, $1.00, 25 and 1.50. Girls' and Boys' 25, 1.35 and 1.50. Women's Barefoot Sandals, sizes 2} to 5, $1.50 313 Barefoot Sandals, sizes 11 to 2, and 1.75. Boys' Sandals, sizes 3 to 5, $1.50. Men's Barefoot Sandals, $2.00. RNETHY"S. CTI I, A m-- -- ---- Have You Seen Our New Wall Papers? stock of Goods tu the latest designs and We have a large Importeo color ngs. y thing for and the newest Moulding Rellef, tadoes-- Liurlaps, Plate Rails, Painting. Lucrusia Room Graining and Paperhanging. [,McMahon & GO0., Brock and Bagot Sts. Lot FOR SALE Cheap Summer Wood. Drury's Coal and Wood Yard, 235 Wellington street. 'Phone, &43A. | Buide and Contractors | Use Sashweights made in King- ston Foundry. at Angrove's I special prices for large quantities. fis 'Saleof Hat Racks Hat Racks if Elm, golden finish a only $4.50. Hat Rack in Oak, golden finish, i : $6.50. Polish Qt. Oak, golden finish, bevel glass, $8.50, Others from $12.00 to 35.00. Hall Seat, solid oak, $5.00. Hall Mirrors from $3.00 to 25.00. The best values ever offered. ROBERT J. REID, 230 Princess St. Telephone 577. Blood Oranges = Sorento Oval Fine, erate luscious ones just in. See them to-day. COCOANUTS--All sizes. Just inyported. R. H. Toye, 302 King St. Phone 141 a ------ ----_ Sweet and tasty. Prices mod- Hidden between two crisp, beautifully browned biscuits of unique design, | is.a fairy-like cream, with a flavor of pure lemon juice. This is our ~~ Lemon Cream Biscuit--our In the Unit. | New Creation. About 60 biscuits to the pound. LEMON The Dainty, Delicious New Treat CCORMICKS LEMON CREAM BISCUITS Warehouses at Montreal, Ottawn, Hamilton, Kingston, Winnipeg, Calgary Factory at Losdoa. i ea And the present remarkable demand will be still more greatly increased once you and other discriminating women have discovered its C REA M-- te -- ements = delicious quality. The daintiest biscuit ! Perfectly correct 'o serve atl any social function.