'PAGE TAGE TWELY K. The Erolution or the ™ & THE DAILY "BRITISH WHIG, FRIDAY, PEBRUARY 17 "Wyanoke * Bul & Few Years Arter the "ovanngd The presence in the port of New! York, recently, at one and the same] time, of that finest example of modern shipbuilding, the Lusitania, and the oldest American vessel afloat, the little schooner Polly, afforded an impressive illustration of the wonderful develop ment that has occurred in naval ar- chitecture during the past century. The Polly was built in 1505, and at | that period was considered quite up to date. Though only of forty-five tons register she was one of the most active and successful privateers in the war of 1812. Heavily armed and onrrying a crew of eighteen men she was a formidable opponent and fre quently attacked vossels several times as large as herself. During the two ore of hostilities she took eleven prizes, including three or four large merchantmen. Once only was she de feated in her many fights and on that oceagion she fell captive to a British frigate, reatly superior to herseli in size and armament. Before the close of the war she was recaptured by the Americans. This little sixty-foot schooner has vounded Cape Horn six times and has twice sailed completely round the world, In the ficst hall of the nineteenth osntury substantial improvement took place in the form and rig of sailing craft both in Americi-and: «Europe. It was during this period that the styles which prevail to-day were evol- ved. The old high poop decks and 6 artes galleries disappeared with lateen and lug sail, the sharp be 2%, was permanently abandoned and vessels became longer in proportion to beam. The schooner rig became thor oughly popularized and the fast ves "is of the day were the brigs and , which were made long and low in the water. The changes made in hull and rig in this stage of evo lution had for their object increase of and ease in handling A mer antman of these days was liable at any time to be alilled upon to fight or to run from an overstrong enemy In this development Aumeris out- stripped all po ed nations a or ves- sels were the fastest and most beauti- ful upon the seas. This was the Used in Canada for ' over half a century ~used inevery comer of the world where palmy period of their shipping trade when packets sailed, with freight, mail and passengers, on regular schedules from all the principal ports of the United States. The superiority of this service lay not less in the crews than in the vessels themselves. (Competition ' against them was maintained as long as possible by foreign lines, but. they | gradually drove nearly all their rivals out of business. They were generally two-deckers, of about 1,000 tong re- gister, previous to 1549 In that year the first three-deck packet, the splendid Guy Mannpering, started on her maiden voyage from New York. She had a poop and topgallant fore castle deck, was 190 feet long, forty feet beam 'andi 28 feet deep in the hold. A 20 feet draught above the keel she would carry 2.400 tons of cargo This build thenceforth be- came the populsr style of packet Fhese vessels were capable of won- derful speed under favorable conditions and for many years after the intré- duction of steamships furnished the quicker means of passage. The James | Baines ran from Boston to Liverpool in twelve days and six hours; the Red Jacket once reached New York thirteen and a half days after leaving Liver pool; the Mary Whiteridge made the trip from Baltimore in thirteen days and seven hours. - However, the usual time was nineteen or twenty days from New York te Liverpool and from thirty to thirty-five days on the homeward trip. One of the American packets, the Great Western, sailed regularly from New York on the 4th of March each year with a copy of the president's message to congress. As befitted the wobtest vessels of their day, the pack ets had high sounding names. Among the most celebrated of these grey. hounds were the President, Vanguard, Orbit, United States, Hercules, Na- poleon and Independence. The packets were the fast ships from 1813 to 1845. After them came the clip pers, designed primarily for .fast freighting and to meet the demand for the rapid transportftion of tes, coffee, spices, dried fruit and other cargoes liable to deteriorate on a long voyage. These vessels sat low jn the water had broad beams; sharp bows and fine water-lines. Oue of the earl jest clippers, the Rainbow, once went to Canton and back im six months and fourteen days, three weeks of t time having been spent in loading a discharging cargo. This time was two months short of that previously cupied by such a voyage... The S Witch, one of the most celebrated eraft of her day, madé the vovage from New York tg San Francisco in ninetv-seven days/ She was a sharper vessel than any of her with raking bow and stern; fine lines and remarkable benuty of form throughout. Ships of this class had tall and raking masts, and the vards were so long that they spread an enormous aren of canvas to the wind, American built vessels of The hppa class gained and maintaited the lead. although bard pressed by British rivale. "There were several famons races between American amd English cliopers from China to their home ports. Ofiee the Chresolite and Storm: away, fiving the Union Jack, and the Surprise and Challenge, with the Stars and Stri at the . engaged fu sach a es Te vessels ar. tived at Liverpool dans, Hpatitelvy and the Zhe [ron Stegmdozi RB FSlockion (#5 03ys 2: 1911. TEAMSITIP Som . : « Leder po 007 Zo LXew Yori) gave a great impetus to the building | BiT before she started on her maiden of clippers. An immense number of | vovage fire destroyed her upper works, persons demanded passage, and every: | and when repaired the upper deck was thing that they needed had to be the masty reduced by carried from the East to the : Coast. In 1850 and the years mumedi Althe ately following, as many as 200 keels were sometimes anchored in the Bay of San Francisco at one time, nearly lion of all of thém being American bottoms , The time usually spent in the run was 120 to 150 days, but at about this | verance by time our ship yards began to put |.t the rate o out larger and speedier vessels, i removed and Pacific | one h experiments in steam navi te back to the mMdle of the the practical fruit was only attained ater in America. In propelled the Perse -upon the Delaware three miles an hour isheartened hy failure The speed of clippers was remaork- | port for the able. Six miles an hour was. and is, Fitch a good average rate of speed for long | vears later. voyages, and nine miles an hour is ex It cellent time for a fully laden gation « xteenth centory, the idea J vears | 7 John to speurs sup promotion of his in vention, committed suicide two remained for Fulton to overcome . vessel he obstacles under which his predeces Cargo steamers of today do. little | cos succumbed. His first swecessful as a general thing. Clippers an across | yial was upon the Seine:.but it did the Atlantic at an average speed" of | hot elicit from the French the en nine miles an hour, spurting wp to couragement which the inventor had thirteen with 4 good wind, and on | pen led to expect. He transferred the voyages that gave them the advant gene of Wiz operationy to his native age of the trade winds they ran for | Ryn aid in. {807 the Clafemdnt, a weeks in succession at an average of steamboat of his construction, made from. twelve to fifteen neles an hour the trip from New York to Albany To sail 300 miles a day was not ex. |-rio. ovent marked the beginning of certional. The Red Jacket made 325 : v : sats A miles a day for a week: the Flying sccessful steam navigation. ¢ i" : steamboa were launch Cloud once sailed 127 miles in twenty. | | i Te o ih w priF w ey in : hey four hours, and the "Sovereign of gsheren! pass af itis a the Seas," whilst on a voyage only RIS immediately following, At- Hawaii to Néw York, lasting only The first steamboat to cross the eighty-two days, made 437 milés in twenty-four hours, the fastest time | th } i ever 'made by any sailing ship Eo largely Shan 41s sails, the cause of steamer previous to 1887 Wh Ravigation was nat greatly ad After 1857 there ceased necessity for great speed and size. Tog! many ships had been built and a& re-I™ action set in. Furthermore, the steam- je he | i great was the Savannah, which made he vovage in 1819, but as it depend \ its exploit. It was not un til twenty vears later that g entirely apon its boilers, od from England to America. But the iggle between steam and sail con- wd until after the middle of the last century and wis only terminated former by the 3 wed by to be a need by 1 a vessel, Cross- ship was beginning to come into her |* own. Just previous to this year, the ill-fated Great Republic She was 3M feet in length, beam and 3% feet depth. She accommodations for a crew state rooms for passengers, a saloon and sumptuous fittings. was a three-decker with was launched n favor of th mtro 53 feet of tripl had | duction of 100, i w adoption « stitution of iron for Sxpansion er of the screw and the ¢ sub latwe wood in the She | hulls {| The rivalry between itn four masts, | Pritain (ireat - AN EXTRA WARM MOTOR COAT. No cont can really be too warm for winter motor wear. The bleak have a_way of piercing through the stontest fabrics and reaching marrow of one's bones. A (nr coat lined with leather is really the and America in very keen steam navigation was and for_years the latter na tion held the ascéndancy. In the early fifties the , of New York, built four fine ships which wrested the supremacy of Atlantic from the Cun- wed line. The initial trip of the first these vessels, the Aretie, crea- ted as much of a sensation ns of the Lusitania The Collins liner left New York or March 20th, 1852 was then the unusually wrge number of forty-five Callins the first vovage her maiden run rrving what | passengers ince fairly out to sea all sail was and with paddles revolving at Il speed, 'the most gc] afloat" started on a staggering ourse across the Atlantic. She roll of fearfully and tne passengers de clared that a galé * blew throughout evidence of magnificent ves- the vovage, but, on the more than a stiff breeze, and that either dead a stern or-on the starboard beam, so that the high run of 308 miles wns not much to boast of. The "Saver cizn of the Seas" or the "Red Jack et" wonld have equal headway under zimilar conditions, I'he "Arctic" is thus described by a rnalist who made this first voyage "Never did there float the log, it was never made in her npon the ocean a more than that bears us Our » is 280 feet in length The pro menade deck, as w now sail, is as high above water as the Wdgepole of n ordinary two magnificent palace which now torey house The beaut and 30 feet 200 guests can dine com- fortabls Fhe parlor is embellished in the very highest style of art. There cooks on board whose united 24000 a4 vear. The consists of 135 men. There each heated by eight these consume dining rfiom is a large, airy fal room, ide, 'where 62 feet long re nine ages amount to hip's crew re four boilers, inaces, and unitediy *0 tons of coal a day The two en- gines are of 1.000 horsepower, and the weight of these chines is S00 tons Snormous ma Fifty-two men are constantly emploved jin their = the ship carries abont 3.000 tons" Ihe Arctic loft New York at of Saturday, March 20th, and anchor 1 in the Mersey at seven o'clock of the eveming of Ma 31st, maki remarkab noon what was for 1 time a speedy trip The Collinge line boat marked great advance.in steam navigation, | how great a developmen ed nd figdres relat made since can bw x few facts » Lusitania and the i whion i= bnlt o he same specification wonderful vessels were the voyage to These ! first to reduce the Atlantie five days, which necessitates ain aver- age speed of 23 knots They are pearly SOO feet in 6) feet in | depth, and have a total displacement of 33,200 tons. They have a ger © apacity of 50 first-class, 460 second-etass and 1,200 third-class. In ! their furnishings they are as lhixurious xs the They are driven by turbine engines of 70.000 horse-power Their daily - con sumption of coal is 1,0 tons. engin, passen Both in Samo Boat. The ,vew cook, who had come into the household during the holidays, asked her mistress: "When ban your son' 1 net-weeing him 'round no more." "My son? replied the pustress, pridefully. "Oh, be has gone back to Yale. He could only get away long enough to stay unul New Years day, vou © see, IN miss him decadially, though." "Yas. I knowing yoost how sou feel. My broder, he ban in ysil sgx times since T'ankgiving." Ever Notice It. You know, Miss Hobble, that vawn ing = ransed be a deficiency in the an supply of the ze," said the tire: woe vounRg man, weiling himsell back on the sofa. "Well, it does soem strange." wae the voung lady's reply, between vawne, "that there alwiiys seems 10 be a dificiency in the air supply to my hings w you are here, and at this time of might." y - _Semator Unsgrain may be agp nisl govetnor of Qube, SCOTT'S EMULSION is the best source of body-warmith. Its the match that starts the regular fuel burning. Just a little improves the appetite; a little more warms, builds up and strengthens the whole body. Thousands and thou- sands of little babies, boys and girls, men and women, are taking it to keep out the cold, to keep up the body- warmth and to keep the doors closed against Grippe, Pneu. monia, Rheumatism and Con. sumption. It contains no alcohol, ne drug or other harmful in. gredient; it is known the world over by the mark of quality-- The - Fisherman. 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