TRY OF OLD WORLD FORCES | 16.000,000 Men Avaflablé -- The ' Sélentiic 'American Explains Many Details of the Great Euro. . pean Conflicts, Articles on war, written by ex- - ports fll the current number of The Selentific American. The subjécts include army supply methods, trans- portation of troops in vast numbers, hospital facilities on the field, Ger- many's big guns and naval chances, and destructive new machine guns. The magazine contains an article on the composition of European ar- The numerical strength re- presented by the terms, brigade, di- vision, regiment, army corps differ #0 widely from those in the Ameri- can army that they are almost mean- | ingless. . The Baropean regiment in full yar st &bout 3,300 men, un- er the command of a colonel, Three regiments form a brigade of 10,000 men, commended by a major-general. Two brigades form a division of 20, 000 men, under the command of a lieutenant general. Two divisions constitute an ermy corps of 40,000 men, commanded by a general, and | three army corps form an indepen-| dent field army, fully equipped with cavalry, artillery, commissary, engi- neers, and medical department of a! total'strength of 120,000 men. There are variations from these totals as given, but they are not great, and the foregoing estimate of the strength of the various units if applied to the number of divieions, brigades, army corps, &¢., mentioned in the dispat- | ches will give a closely accurate es- | timate of the number of troops en- gaged. Total Of 16,000,000, Men. The Scientific American has ano- ther article showing the stupendous number of men already under arms or available for the conflict. The whole fighting strength of trained men in the natiens involved numbers something like 16,000,000. it is shown that there are facing each ot- her on a 250-miile battle line, reach- | ing from Antwerp, Belgium, to Bas-| le, Switzerland, approximately 500,000 men, about equally divided | between the allied French, British, and Belgians, and the allied Ger- mans and Austrians. These repre- sent the standing armies, the flower of the national. troops engaged. To the east, along the borders of | Germany and Austria, Germany has massed som> 600,000 of her second line of reserves, and Austria is mov- ing to her own northern frontiers, and to the assistance of Germany fn] Alsace and Lorraine another 460,- 000 men. Russia has announced that her mobilization is complete, which means that she is moving down up- on the German and Austrian fron- tiers her standing army of over 1, 250,000. men. And the while these 5,000,000 troops are on the fighting line, there are being gradually assembled at the various camps and equipped for the field as they may be needed, the 10,- 000,000 trained reserves --every ope hitving spent two or three years (ith the colors. In all the countries engaged in this war, except England, military service is compulsory. In England service is voluntary, the men -enlist- ing for seven years, at the close of which they enter the reserve. The war strength of the English army is 156,000 men, ond of these, three ar- my corps, or 120,000, have '"béen landed on the continent and form part of the allied army. The whole] "of the reserves. 476,000 strong, have been called to the colors, and will be sent to strengthen the allies. Compulsory service, or conscrip- tion, as practiced in the German ar- my, where it' was first fully deve- | loped, is broadly representative in| its operation of the practice in all] European armies. Actual service in the German ar-| my begink at the age of 20. The] youlig man joins the colors, and re-| mains 'with them three years. He then passes to the reserve for four years, during which he is called out | for training, with his corps"twice for! a period of about six weeks. He i then drafted into the "first ban" o the Landwehr for five years, iu whieh he is given two trainings last-| ing from eight to fourteen days. At) 32 he passes in to the "second ban," | where he remains till he is 30; He] now: passes into. the first ban of the| Landsturm, where he remains until' his forty-fitth year. The second ban of the Landsturm consists of men who have had no military training. Uses Of Artillery. How cannon are used in an actual battle is a most intéresting subject, dealt with in the magazine. In actual battle the guns of a bat- | tery ard lined up, and one loaded caisson is placed next to each gun. The entire battery .is behind cover, and generally cannot sée the targéts. The fire is directed by each gunner aiming on a designated aiming point with an instrument set at a given de- + flection, so that the gun will actual- ly point at. the "This deflec- vo tion is cgleulated bya triangulation method by the battery commander, who is some distance away from the battery either on elevated ground, on a ladder, or in a tree. The Ger- . man system of obtaining the deflec- tion is to measure the angles by means of instruments thereby at- tempting to make the first shots ef- fective to make darwtdtrdadtrdartd fective, while \he tendency of the French system is to estimate the first deflection, fire quickly, and by observing the shot make necessary corrections for succeeding shots. ranges are obtained by base range find which' are accurate within 200 for 5,000 or 6,000 yard 9 h ie object of howitzers is mainly 16 fire a heavier projectile with a lower velocity at a much' higher ele- vation and longer range. Assume, for instance, the enemy's infantry intrenched behind em ents. 'With a high velocity the trajectory of the projectile for a g jor | the HOW THE ROYAL FHELD ARTILLERY FIGHT. * ption given by a special correspondent in a despatch concern- He says: "A half battery in rather exposed' position, Several batteries made an attack om it. The men who had been serving them lay dead around. He would have gone on till he dropped, but an officer This picture was drawn from the descri ing the operations of the British tr was galling the Germans by the ac one its guns were silenced. he did his best, 'oops at the front. caracy of its aim. bet that he was mighty sorry to go." embankment or pass over their heads. For this emergency a battery of howitzers is called into action. By reducting the charge the projectile may be started at a higher elevation which causes tbe projectile to fall to the ground in a much more nearly vertieal path, znd enables it to be dropped back cf the embankment. Supporting Advances. The object or field artillery is to support the infantry in its advances its retreats. It aims to hit the part of the enemy which is most dan gerous- to the friendly infantry, and which would hinder its success. Since the enemy's artillery would do the same thing, it is evident that a mo- dern battle will generally 'begin with an artillery duel, and that whichev- er side is able to silence the other side's artillery will have a tremen- dous advantage. In fact, until the enemys' field -artillery is silenced, an advange of the infantry would. be practicdlly impossible. As the infantry advances, the field artillery must Le in readiness to fire over the advancing lines and attack parts of the eremy's troops, or must be able to move with lightning ra- pidity to any other position where its fire-is needed or is more effective | A battery of field artillery is a tac | tical unit composed of from four eight guns, and ammunition wagons | loaded with shell and shrapnel. | While it is probable the success of a battle will depend to a large ex- tent on the suport of the field artil- lery, it is certain that the principal and most important arm is the in- fantry, which in practically every case must deride the final issue. The cavalry may ba the first to be drawn into the battle, and the artillery may destroy the enemy's artillery, but a battles never won until the infantry has driven back the enemy's lines. The usual mcde of advancing for the infantry is to deploy them ina line with a long interval between each soldier. This, naturally, is for purpose of offering , a smaller target for the enemy, It makes it more difficult, however, for the lea ders to keep as good control over the men, and for that reason one of the objects of field artillery: is to make the enemy's troops deploy ear ly * The infantry soldier is armed in all thé countries with a rifle and bayonet. The rifle is the weapon up on which reliance is placed, the bay- onet being used only as a last means when jn a hand-to-hand encounter with 'the enemy: Probably every country has déve- loped or is developing, a semi-auto- matic rifle, which differs from the ones now in use in every army by the fact that part of the powder gases are used to open the breach lock, eject the empty cartridge, and reload the rifle--all of which opera- tions are now' performed by. hand With a semi-automatic rifle the ma gazine can be emptied without mov- ing the gun from the shoulder, and a great increase in the 'rate of fire can be accompliched. The opening of fire from the in» fantry will generally be delayed, un- till accurate aiming is possible, un- less it is desired to cause the enemy to deploy its forces earlier, and al- though the bullets are effective at 1,609 to 2,000 yards range, the real | FEEL FINE! KEEP BOWELS ACTIVE, ~~ STOMACH SWEET AMD HEAD CLEAR No odds how bad your liver, to- Yoma h. mach or bowels; how much your head | aches, how miserable and uncomiort- able you are from ecomstipation, indi- gestion, billonsness and" clogged-up bowels--von always get the desired re- sults with Uascarets. | They end the headache, biliousnesg, | dizziness, nefvousness, sick, sour gassy | ! clear, stomach sweet, liver and bowels fighting will not begin until at much closer ranges. | Why Pay Board ? The nights here are they? .Is your She: cool, aren't warm. ? He it very very room Yes, the hot for landlord is making me just now. | HONEYMOOM TROUBLE | »It was near the end of my honey- moon. Mary and I---back from our trip to 'Montreal and Quebec had halted at a su er hotel in the Adi rondacks. There was a lake dotted with snowy lillie almpst beneath the window, and the boats rocking by the had tempted for hours: "Let me row Mary," I sugge day." Mary dow "You olf, perhaps.' lips. "I certainly T'm no wrong, heen youself To my consternation Mary into tears "Great oughly hewildered is something wrong, is I've done, Mary?" Now tears always rible sense of guilt in male human ity. Fort one thing, a map, unless his experience has been vast, . is greatly inclined to exaggerate 'the cause of women's tears, and women, shore me you around the lake ted "It's a bully merely stared out of the win better go by your she said, and bit her you'd I declared solo boneymooner. What's | Mary? You haven't really since we got here." burst won't!" } Scott!" I exclaimed, thor- | "There certainly | it anything | arouse a hor cry sometimes as freely over a bro- ken trinket as they do over the death of a friend. For another, thing, having heard from feminine | lips 'that most of the lapses in the | universe are the. result of male stu- pidity and clumsin , he feels mor- ally convinced that his .sex in gener- al is fmaplicated --and himself in par | ticular. This brings him logically to the sterm conviction that, for ail he's forgotten it--with the care-free habit of men----his offence has been atrocious, The tears have been effec- {ively dona for him. By dint of much gentle question- they cleanse your Liver d Bowels of all the sour bile, foul gases and constipated fhatter which is producing the misery. A Cascaret to- night will straighten you out by morn ing--a T0-cent box keeps your: head regular, and you feel cheerful and hully for months. x > : Ti One by One man was left, called him away. "And you can AA AA A AAA AAA AN ing, I elicted from Mary the alarm- ing fact that 1 had admired a girl's hair while we were driving up the mountain in the lumbering old stage. To be truthful, I'd nearly forgot- en my casual remark. "Don't you remember," reminded Mary, looking away. "You said her hair shone like beautiful copper in the sunlight." "Why, so I did," said TI at last 'But, Mary, I never saw such hair on-a-girl in my life: And such _quan- ties of it'!"" "It was, most likely «pounds and pounds of false hair!" cried Mary, very white. "Oh Peter!" The last a wail, and Mary began to cry again. And then--stupid dolt; I be- gah to see Mary was jealous and, irivial .as' tha cause had been, she had nursed it into _flanie. "Mary," 1 raid, after an hour's petting had brought her again to a subdued good humor, '"do you hon- estly mean that you don't expect me ever to admire another girl's beauty "I--I don't like to hear it. Peter' she admitted. "At first it simply made me furious ~--and then it made me. cry. Would you Tike me to say that some other man was "awfully handsome?" By "Why not?" I asked in some as- tonishment, "Certainly, I'm not fool enough tu think 'I'm a prize winner. in appearance and that you will keep your eyes adaiirally on my face inte a mortal affront! "Then you think I'm. a fool!" flashed Mary. Women pounce upon a man's eareless diction .and twist it into a"mortal affront. "Goodness, no!" I protested, fary, do be. reasonable. It's this y. Admiration 'of a beautiful thing isn't always personal. Surely, we may sometimes admire beauty in others, just as we admire a beauti- ful picture or a beautiful statue. It's, the human's instinctive love of bea- utiful things." But Mary couldn't see, and before I was through I had lied gallantly and told her her hair was more bea- tiful than the copper hair of the maid in the stage--when it wasn't. It was that or more tears Why, oh why, does a man's imper- sonal admiration of another wom- an's beauty firé¢ his wife to antagon- ism and jealousy? I can't for the life of me see Mary's viewpoint, Leon Dalerymple in the Danville Adverti- er. tbo Ss Exporting Beauty. The appearance in New York of a theatrical agent seeking a hundred beautiful women to adorn the Lon- don stage marks a change in our ex- port and import trade not without interest beyond that of the peach crop. It is just 50 years ago that an en- terprising New Yofk manager puta thrill into Niblo's garden by an im- portation of beauty from Loadon. It had no native article of the kind. The importation was one of the most notable successes in the double world of commerce and of art. The "British Blondes," as they were cal- led, took not only the town but the country, and gray haired men can still recall the once magic natives of Lydia Thompson and a golden haired galaxy of others less famous but not less lovely. The old garden is gone, but some of the old girls must be left. If so they will wonder how - it has all come about that New York now ex- ports instead of importing beauty. Would Lydia Thempson and her aggociates charm the New Yorker of ta-day as they did his grandfather? Who knows? We buy old pictures dnd statues from Britain, while Bri- tain gets the living beauty of heir- esses and chorus is from us. Which has the favorable balance of the trade. ~ New: York Herald. On Monday "the funeral of the late Andrew W._Heuph, Hillier township, took 1 laces oF . mombers of the CO0F, Soeigty 'of which deceased was. a member, were in i The candidly jon at their a) splendid with whie favored | Misses WEDNESDAY - Sept. 30th $2,500.00 Premiums, ete, Prize List open to' Province Of Ontario; THURSDAY Oct. 1st. FEATURING EXHIBITS CATTLE FANCY WORK HORSES GRAINS If you are seeking entertainment : your search is ended here. r Take it from me, that turf his-{ - tory will be made at the Fair this ear. : SPEOIAL RATES ON ALL RAIL- WAYS AND STEAMSHIP LINES a mn chute drop. 5 VEGETABLES ft MISS DOROTHY DeVONDA The World's Most Famous Lady Balloonist, will make ascensions each day, with spectacular para-, FRUITS SCHOOL FAIR The most thrilling mid-air per- formance ever attempted. Entries Close Sept. 26th. All Entries in Writing. - For information and Inquiries address ROBT. J. BUSHELL, Sec.-Treas. and Manager. - - Kingston, Ontario LAUNDERING DONE you Best family washiog, 40¢ to eb, CHONG BROS, LAUNDRY. Princess St. It is probable that the total es- tite left by the late J. Plerpont Mor- gan will reach $100,000,000. ARROWROOT, MALTO CREAM SANDWICH, OPERA FINGERS, WATER ICE WAFERS, LEMON NECTAR These and other Perrin's Sweet Biscuits are the very acme of deliciousness; We put them in our SPECIAL "SAMPLER" PACKAGE so that you can sample them readily. We will send this delightful assort- ment of our fancy biscuits to you for 10 cents in coin or stamps and youy grocer's name. probably like them all. Some of them may be entirely new to you -- you will Write for the sampler package to-day. / D. S. Perrin & Company LIMITED LONDON - CANADA = Annual Coach Excursion October 6th and Pika th Final Return Limit October 16th Ten days for sightseeing in the Metropolis Thier : tres, the Hippodrome, the Water-front, Qcean I ners, _ the Subway, Museums, Parks, Skyscrapers, 4 Yards, Broadway, Fifth Avenue, Riverside I Obtain Your . Tie Early For complete informa. address New York Central General Agent, atertown, N.Y. avy