PAGE FOUR * "The British Wii sgAh YE AR Bw LRN wl =F 1g ls LEAS iP SC Published Dal THEE BRITS CO, LIMITED, sufi Bemi-Weekly by * WHIG PUBLISHING J. 4, Elliott President Leman A. Guild ... and Sec.-Treas. Managing Director gris o) Business Office .. Editorial Rooms Job Office | { | ! SUBSCRIPTION RATES (Daily Edition) One year, delivéred in city . One year, If paid In advance . One year, by mall to rural off Ope year, to United States Six and three months pro rata, (Hemi- Weekly Edition) One year, by mail, cash gue vear, If not pa ear, to United States ....... 1. x and three months pro rata. Attached is one of the best job printing offices in Canada. TORONTO REPRESENTATIVE #H. FE. Rmallpeice LT st. U. 8 REPHIENT ATTY New York Office 225 Fifth Ave. Frank R. Northrup, Manager. Chie go Tribune 'Bldg. Frank R. Ne orthrup, Manager. THERE ry NO IDLE RICH. If conseription is put into foree in by special legislation, it will "apply, we are told, only to fhe men wha have no dependants, and who Britain, ean be spared from trade for the This may be called i the gaving remnant. Strange that ita members have not been fired hy the holy' enthusiasm of war. purposes of war. Disenssing the situation recently an English paper, conversant with the witnation, said there were not in the old land any of those who had been tarmed- the "ile rich." The idlers, the mén of substance, of means, had Leen swept into the conflict. The lists of the casualties bore the names .of many who had offered - their lives on the altar of their country. They had heen so generous it their gifts. They liad given abundantly of their wealth, | and had followed this "by the most precious of all gifts to a national cause, the gift of self. Britain can well afford, in view of this splendid example, to call to the colours, by gentle influence or by force, the men who can serve without didlocating the wheels of industry or stopping the enrrents of trade. Ii conscription must be resorted to it is 'hitting the right kind of men, and ithe men whose turn has come, ' 3 Wi tmnt ---- BRELGIAN COLONIZATION. Mr, Macfayden,. in another column, discusses the feasibility of organizing communities of Belgians in Canada. He points out thatthe success of their emigration depends entirely up- on their colonization. They are not tempermentally qualified to. prosper if obliged to fight their way alone in a new land. But in groups, in com- munities, they would abundantly sgc- ceed, and, in their lines of vocation, make a home for themselves lin Can- ada, © The article is Mall of interest. It sets forth certain facts clearly. But a small percentage of the eight mil- liohs can return to their.native land. They could not; if 'the way . were clear, restore their land, commercially or industrially, in many years. They ¢an' never hope to renew their work while: German authority or influence | What pen completed by the elections - of remains." The question is, van Canada do for them under the circumstances ? The government may set apart certain blocks of land, which men can own and work and make fruitful. - It has not-been very fortunate in its colonization schemes. It never had, however, a people like _the Belgians to experiment with: Besides of these Belgians, = many are artizans, who will be most pro- Btubie when employed, as they have: been at home. To. emp,oy them at © their best they must be occupied = as they were before the war, and that weans capital, freely subscribed and properly applied. The suggestion' which Mr. Macfay- leven life itd elf, if "a. Reservist, in or- Fa fer to accomplish his piirpose. . And this is because hix property interests, his standing a8 a citizen with nation al rights reserved, make service in the army absolutely necessary under certain condiliéng. Pritain has bith- erto depended upon love of country, inalloved loyalty, to "influence the man in her military service, and ber hiige army in this econfiiot is the re sult of personal and patriotic - ap standing wf the individu- { al towards his country does not affect j any financial. or" matedial interests, {and the eall to the colours is follow: ed by a movement of men that is But the exigencies reals Fhe | withon{ a parallel, { of the -vui, 're 'roay change all this. | It yany be necessary for Britain to t have her reservists hereafter. The late Lord Roberts saw this in his | ime. Dr. McNamara has seen it, land as an under sécretary of the war department, discusses it publicly with the consent and knowledge of the gov- ernment. 'The 'thing which a while | ago was regarded as impessible ap- |-pears to be at hand a 0 CONTENTION AND CONSPIRACY. William B. Hale, the biographer of the president and his some time con- dential agent, writes to the New York Times a lengthy and interesting arti- cle, dealing ~ with Britain's scruping | wnd occasional seizure, of merchandise shipped, in American boats, to6 Eur- ope. The point is made--that a neu- tral can ship anything to. a foreign port, even contraband of 'war, provid- ing it runs the risk of' seizure; and only thé 'materials that are to le used in the war, by belligerents, are subject to capture: and confiseation. The biographer of the president--who is not qualified to be a heiter judge of international issues because. of his personal relations with Mr. Wilson-- qitotes from ancient documents, writ- ten | by eminent statesmen, some of them deceased, including the late la- mented Thomas Jeflerson, in support Britain can be depended upon to make a lofty, a lucid and logical answer to the state paper which the United States sent bis ma- josty's government on December 28th. It-niay admit that some of its econ. two hun- dred | years, have been abandoned in because, without a parallel in aby case, and entirely without a parable so far as an unscrupulous en- there' was nothing of his cause. tentions, made in the last this war, emy |is coneerned, else it could do. A nation that began its warlike ca- reer by tearing up the agreement it had bolemnly made with other na: tions, 'by treating it as a scrap of gvorthless paper, by ° acting. on the philosophy. of -its enltured leaders, that evervthing goes in war; could hardly expect any decisions .in international law to have a moral effect upon it. I'ritain has had to act as emergency suggestod, and when the United States governnient cited its troubles in ex porting via Italy it did not expect that so soon the Italian government would uncover one of the greatest conkpiracies of the day, to defeat and conppromise neutral powers. This con- jirgoy was hatched out by German emissaries. It included the wholesalo briberyof custon@ officials in Italy, One side sounds or seems good until another 'is heard, and, 'in a- most friendly way, the British government will lay before the Wilson government a statement of facts that will be sur- prising. One can wait for develop- ments, knowing that Britain can jus- tify evervthing it has done in the war thus far EDITORIAL NOTES. Which way will the tax rate go this year--up or down? What did vour_aldermanic friends promise ? Now that the council of 1915 has yesterday, what do 'to think of it? The Montreal Herald wants a vigi- lance committee appointed in connec- tioh with the House of Commons. What villiany does it now suspect ? Both the by-laws were carried 'by the people in the elections yesterday. An augury of better things. Cheap help 'the local industries. Ours will be a war council this year. © Major Gillespie will command it 'on apecial occasions, and the medi- cal men will constitute themselves an ambulance corps' and take care of the wounded. License reduction "got what is eall- ed a black eye in Hamilton. The Spee: tator attributes defeat to the over whehning interest in the war. Why not say at'once, and without cir oplotution that the temperance par- v has lost its grip ? Dr. Brown siiggests "that The will have her say, and say it to the end A Garman officer in New York prac tically challenges the editor: of * the World to fight has nor passed. there, will be a funeral in New York, and the editor of the World will go ong if nothing 'had happened. The age of chivalry Some of these days The Canadian Mining Journal says that nickle can be refined in Canada. Some of the ore is surely going ta Germany to he used on armanent which is heing turned against the British, and that is not right! prevehit its export ? The National Municipal' League is anxious that the study of civics should begin in the schools. Bless you, girs, it has begun--in Kingston. Ald. Gillespie is training the cadet corps; and when the boys grow up and can 'shoot straight they will be eligible for seats in the council. en, | Public Oiiiion The Canadian Method. Kincardine Review Marconi isto be made a senator, in Italy, not Canada. Canadian senators are not made by wireless. Answer Nearly Read. Toronto Mall. Inthe "friendliest manner. in the world, Britain is getting veady to power and railvay commection will | say "No" to the United States: Oh, The Secret ; London Advertiser I'he reason that the €hristmas cigar guts such a hard name is that mother and sister go looking for pretty boxes. Wasn't Happy. Montreal Mail. A wealthy American heiress commit- ted suicide at Atlantic City. And many people are happy who don't know where their next war extra is coming from. i mp--p-- Difference In Slogan. _ Toronto News. : Canada is at war, and = the United States -is not. Yet in Canada the slogan of 'the day -is 'Eat an apple,' a while in the United States itis "Buy a bale of cotton.' . After-Cost What Counts. Hamilton Spectator Fven the-cost of marriage promises to be. increased "in Ontario by a pro- spective' rise -in 'the 'price of" a license. But that is a mere bagatelle. The big pinch comes' later for money. Cause Of Pride. Syracuse, N.Y, Herald. According" to" Mr, Lloyd-Geor England now has mote than 2,000, men : under arms. With the Jolinise system of recruiting that prevails - that 'country,'an army" Tea that i ol something for England to be prouder of than: all her memories of past greatness. : Will The Kaiser Pay ? Hamilton Spectator For the Canadian patriotic fund alone, $2,226,652 have been already subscribed. Add' to this the sum of all' the other funds, outside of 'mili: tary expenditure and a 'subsequent roll, and Canada will have a very substantial amount to charge up against the kaiser. Kingston Events Twenty-Five Years Ago Dr. A. P. Knight read a paper at a meeting of the science tenchers in to- ronto. As the result of the escape of two convicts, guards must live in close proximity to the penitentiary. : There is an epidemic of la grippe in he city. M. Drennan was elected mayor by BL They why does the goverggent not 'ent war Yorm." The snowfall also increases park. | end, will they have the don warm RAINFALL 1S HEAVY| 7 WORST WE ATHER I HER FOR MILITARY WORK PREV AILS IN FALL biflenttics to Be Met With Durlig The War in Europe -- Hard To) Dig Trenches, : From the strategical point of view wintry weather is not an unmixed evid. In western Europe the worst weather for military operations pre vails in autumn, when the rainfall is at its maximum. Cold weather sets the roads, makes the sodden fields practicable for marching, "and bridges over small bodies of water. Only in the mountain passes are these advantages offset by the ob- struction due to snow. "In the in- terior of the continent--e.g., On the East Prussian and Austrian frontiers ~~ heavy snowfall eccurs even over the plains and lowlands, and oppos- es an obstacle to military "move- ments, Here also, the intense cold freezes over the larger rivers, thus the Vistula is normally frozen at, Warsaw from late December to early March: On the other hand, when not frozen over but<tilled with floating ice, these streams become impassable "ven by boat. Again; it is difficult or impossible to dig trenches in frozen soil, such as may be found ip the dead winter in the interior of the continent. Un- der such conditions armies have, however, sometimes used blocks of ice to good advantage in building breastworks. Strange to say, the circumstances of béing accustomed to a cold climate does not appear to give any decided | advantage to troops campaigning un- der winter conditions. T. M. Ma- guire, in his "Outlines of Military Geography," says.: "When the thea- tre of operations is entered, nothing is of much importance except mili- tary -organization. The inhabitants, however, well used to the climate, will persist if unprepared, while the invader, if provided with all requisi- tes of clothing, food, and drink, will thrive." In the Balkan campaigns of 1877, the Russians suffered more trom cold than from the Turks. Even the supposed superior stamina and military 'prowess of the inhabitants of cold, as compared with those of warm climates, is largely mythical, declare European authorities. The two main theatres of the pres- differ greatly from . each other in their winter climates. Wes- tern Europe enjoys comparatively mild winters, under the influence of prevailing westerly and gouth-wes- terly winds from thé Atlantic Ocean, which, like all large bodies of water, has but a small range of/temperature from summey to winter. The eli- mate is, howler very moist, so that a moderate tée of cold produces much discomfort. Cloudy weather prevails considerably more often than in any part of Canada, except per- haps the region of the Great Lakes and the North Pacific coast. As we go inland we find no abript change of conditions, af there is no large range-of mountalfs running parallel to the Atlantic €oast, to form a cli- matic divide; véry gradually, how- ever, the climate becomes more con- tinental, and the present eastern theatre of the war lies in a region that is intermediate in climate be- tween the marine conditions of the western coast and the truly contin- ental climate of central Russia, The snowfall iptreases generally from west to east; mot be¢ause of an increase in the total precipitation (rain plus snow), for this actually decreases, but because, Ww, lower temperature, a large proportion of! the precipitation takes the frozen markedly with altitude. Both. regions are subject to rapid and frequent changes in temperature under the influence of barometric de- pressions passing from west to gast, although especially in the eastern re- gion, these are somewhat less fre- quent than in eastern Canada, as the main European storm-tracks lie north of the war zone. With réspect to temperature and { snowfall, one might say inh very gen- "eral terms that thé western theatre of war has the climate of South Caro~ lina, while the eastern has that of Iowa. Nowhere in the fighting zones is Canada's midwinter climate, with its sudden changes approached. A few comparisons of mean mid- winter (January) temperature may be lnstructive: Ostend 39; Brussels, $7; Liege, 37; Luxembourg, 34; Aix-la<Chapelle, 36; Danzig, 28; Po- sen, 28; Konigsberg, 26; Warsaw, 26; Prague, 30; Lemberg, 24: Toronto's average midwinter tem- perature has ranged in ten years from 15.6°to 26.5 Canadian soldiers, if they: get to the front before the winter ends will not have nearly such extreme zero weather to face as will the men being trained at ex hibition Nor, on the other spells, the really balmy days such as we oftén get in the middle of winter. What Puzzled Him. hin The soldier was telling the work- man about a battle that he had once been in that had lastéd from eight o'clock =n "the morning until seven _ night. His description became | { BOYS' OVERCOATS For boys 21-2 to Y years; $4.00 and $4.50] values. FOR $2.75 BOYS' OVERCOATS For boys 10 to 16} years. $7.50 values. i FOR $500 | SEAT BOYS' REEFERS : For hoys 6 to 12} years. 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