CANADA'S WAR BOOK| "m=" OFFICIAL: VOLUME CONTAINS A MINE OF INFORMATION, { { { { Relation of the the! Great Conflict Canadians Treated Under Facts About Canada Interest, Dominion to and the the Empire Many Are Duty of} { to Are | Full of | It is doubtful if a more intrinel ally valuable work has ever been pub- lished in Canada than the Agricul] tural War Book, for which the Minis-| ter of Agriculture at Ott sponsor. On every one of its hundred and fifty pages there is something tof be learned. It is distributed at the| Government's expense and already it circulation has been very large | The early pages are devoted fol brief essays principally on agricultur-| al matters, but also on the duty of all Canadians, by the Prime Ministe | by the Finance Minister of the coun- try, by the various Ministers and| Commissiofiers of Agticulture of the] Dominion and the Provinces, and by thé professors of agricultural colleges and directors of experftnental farms, Following are given industrial and agricultural detaflg in brief of each European country engaged in the war of affected by the war, and of the British possessions. From (Li learned that prior to the hostilities, Belgium was not most thickly populated country in th world, but also one of the. most in-| dusfrious. In tHe first 82 days of the way, which has now lasted up- wards of 200 days, damage to the extent of $1.059,836,000 had been done, of which $2%2,614,000 is attri- buted to agricultural injury. North- ern France has suffered proportion- 'ately to an equal degree. Russia, whilé pre-eminently an agricultural country, producing nearly one-fourth of the world's wheai, fully a fourth of its oats, a third of its barley and a half of its rye, still possesses immense manufacturing Industries It also abounds In minerals, and its forests, of which there are 900 million acres, are the finest the earth kpows, Canada's interest lies in particular with thé export trade of Germany, much of which this country has the right and expectation to secure. In 1913, the War Book says, Germany | fmported nearly one-eighth of all the | world had to sell, and exported more than one-ninth of all the world want- ed to buy. Her yearly dutput of manu- | factured goods ran. up to between | twelve and fifteen billion dollars, of which one-sixth at least found its way | to foreign markets that are now clog ' ed to her and in many cases will never be renewed. 'Made in Germany" and '"Made in Austria," with which | most Canadians had become familiar, | will, it is hoped, be largely replaced by "Made in Canada." It is of special Interest that Ger- | many in 1913 produced 2,720,000 tons of refined sugar from beets, min- ed 260,000,000 tons of coal and lig- nite, 29,879,000 tons of iron ore and that while using in that year of peace 226,800 tons of copper, she could only unearth 23,000 tons of her own accord. Germany normally imported one-sixth of the cereals she consumes, but exports enormous quantities of priatoes. Without doubt the surplus of the latter now in stock is being used for flour. Germany bought be- tween seven and eight million geese from Russia annually, and sold Great Britain between eleven and twelve million bushels of oats. She also, in 1913, imported 160,000 tons -- mark it, tons--of eggs. These statements will sufficiently show the vast disturb- ance that has taken place in German productive trade, #1 Austria-Hungary exported in bulk as many men and horses as it did of material, from 150,000 to 200,000 | emigrants crossing the sea every year. But the dual empire is ex- ceedingly rich in wmiderals, and Hun- sy is one of the principal grain- growing regions of Europe, the aver- Spin Roques being 145,000,000 bush els Bf whet, 46,500,000 bushels of rye, 53,600,000 bushels of barley, 66,000,000 bushels of oats, and 118,- 000,000 bushels of corn. Hupgary, tao, is rich in live stock, having in| 1914," 21,300,000 Horses, 7,300,000 | cattle, $,500,000 steep, and 7,500,000 | swine. From these figures it would seém that it will be a tougher job ta starve out Germany than reports would make it appear, : Statistics are also given in the Agricultural War Book of the produce and trade of Great Hritain, Frative, Italy, Serhid, Denmark, Norway, Swe= -dén, Roumania, and other countries, but the foregoing facts are sufficient to show the educational value and what may be called the international scope of the work. Part IV. consists of articles with exact details of the live stock situd- tion, by H. 8, Arkell, assistant live stock. commissioner at Ottawa; by acRae, also of Ota on | on meat supply, he ; als Branch, ' Industry, by J. A, wa, 18 Wd out ' i £2 % aracter, luable worth. ---- ok : Jou Dever can tell. Many a wo- 1 a mud { dy complexion has a ¥ * Heads | : th { looks out across | cathedral church, | process of excavation. a; fo : ¥ be the land of the free, Canadian Camp at Salisbury Looms Big In History. ha Canadian force 1 and 'hire n land where their fore- of old fought bout and won ihe famous at Crecy, Poitiers Five hundred years have latter ncourt, pgssed since the victory was vined, and now British cross same dividing waters once in and Tapd their troops upon the coasts of France, this time not to fight their ancient foes, but, allied with them, to force back a common the | enemy. Though. new amid the historic scenes of France the Canadians will not forget the spots in old England which they visited while at Salisbury Plain, - There ig Old Sarum, which, if could speak, would tell of Druids, Britons and Normans, They will not forget the old cathedral that those vast plains where for four long months the Canadians lay 'encamped, Its gran- deur has filled them with awe and they have been strangely impressed by the quaint old places that ngstle beneath its lofty spite. The site of Old Sarum is at pres- ent under a thorough excavation, undertaken by the Society of Anti- quaries. It contained the dwellings of the principal people, of the bishop and clergy, and also contained the whieh is now in There are two gates to the outer bailey, one on the east and a smaller one on the west. The former must have had a very imposing appear- ance, for. above it was built. the Church of the Holy Cross. The inner bailey constifuted the castle and the principal building of this was the Great Tower, or Don- jon. Tt is known from statistics that it contained royal apartments where the Norman Kings and probably the Plantaginets frequently resided, In the base of the Great Tower was a corridor, probably occupied by the priests who attended the Chapel of St. Nicholas, whicn was situated in he southwest angle of ihe lower, At the southeast of the inner bailey are the ruing of a large rough build- ing, in which were found four ovens, thus leading to the supposition that it was a bakery or a store. In this same area was found a partly dug well. The little information 'that exists concerning the early history of Old Sarum is chiefly derived from pipe rolls and liberate rolls of the times and from a few other documents. Among them occur orders for repairs to certain buildings, which are men- tioned by name, also accounts for the supply of various articles. From appearances noticed during the excavation, constant alterations and rebuildings must have taken place formerly, but when the castle ceased to exist cannot be very clearly shown. As early as 1276 King Ed- ward I. granted permission for the removal of stone for building a cer- tain part. of Salisbury. Cathedral. Likewise King Edward III. allowed ftofie to be taken from the old cathe- dral to repair the new. In 1338 roy- al permission was again granted for the removal of stone on a very large scale. Prom this it may be inferred that from the dates Old Sarum be- came practically & stone quarry to supply the new city, The excavations have afforded many interesting objects, such as &ome fine specimens of glazed jugs, a piece of gold lace, dice, draughts- men, keys, knife blades, tools, and rings. * One ring was a fine, nearly pure gold episcopal ring with an em- ; eral setting. As was stated above, material was brought from the cathedral of Old Sarum to aid in the construction and repair of the present Salisbury Cathedral. The foundations of this noble pile were laid in 1220 by Bis- hop Richard Poore. The style is that of the First Polpted, or Early English, and the ground plan is that of a double cross. The building was not completed till 1268, The tower and spire were not added till the 14th century. The point of the spire is 400 feet above thé ground. New Lieutenant-Governor, Hon. Pierre 18 Leblane, K.C., of 'Montreal, formek leader of the Conservative party in\Quebee and an ex-Speaker of the Legislative Assem- bly, who has been appointed Lieuten- sion--to-the late Sir lor, io a descendant of an Aeadian family that settled at Isle Jesus, Que- bec, after the dispersion in 1757. He was born at St. Martin, Que., in 1853 and was educated at Jacques Cartier Normal School and MeGill University: He was called to the Bar of in 1879 and has since practiced law in Montreal, having bben created a QC. in 1893. : Conservative in politics, he was candidate of that party for the Legis- Jative Assembly lo 1882 1297. He was elected er ih 1892 ! E Years. s married in 1886 to Her- ine, daughter of the late ore ant-Governor of Quebee, in sucess "Francois Lange eaudry, of Montreal, - % the first ember of the Canad tingent Rouen in | France, is twenty-eigh anmarried. He 18 w Battalion of the First in | sat until | Spirit THE DAILY BRITISH WHIG, FRIDAY, MARCH 12, 1015. INTERNMENT POPULAR, Alien Enemies Have Lost Their Fear | Pathasontologist Brought Home One of Beipg Put In Detention Camps. There and Aus are many husky Gers trians in Canada to-day that war too plentifwt in Can ter and what 1 Y ¢ ~- rallway construction, v shovelling and alt that. In the big Canadian ¢ities there are long bread lines, and. the charities izations are overtaxed, ans who 144 glad Through all this the alien enemy | is getting three square meals a warm clothes and living and it doesn't cost him a éent. da | i eame, there is is! organ | i quarters | { ! years American Consul Bradley of Mont- | real, tive there, handles the mail from the prisoners at the internment camps, says that he bas noi onlyjseen no complaints, but that many of the let- ters are written to Triéends in real urging them "to 'enlist in the army of prisoners and join them in one of the several camps, This applies "particularly to Aus- tridus. The comparatively féw Ger- mans who are included are inclined to be more sullen of disposition and at times resentful of the confinement, though even from these there Aas been no word of complaint about the treatment, The Germans and Ausfrians, soon after the aliem enemies' regulations were put in force, were all kept at Kingston, but after a while trouble developed which culminated in a fight. Then fhe internment depart- ment decided to separate th prison- ers, sending the Austrians to Petewa- wa, where they were engaged in brush cutting and road meking until the snow came. Later the Government established a camp in thre Abitibi district known as Spirit Lake camp, exclusively for Austrians, and 4t the present time there are about 300 Austrians at work there clearing the ground, erecting huts and stores and laying out what will be a miniature town. At the outset of hostilities the alien enemies feared that internment meant real imprisonment; and to avoid this they declared to the regis- trar that théy had work and wkre able to support themselvgs and their families during the winter, and they were accordingly placed on parole, But alter a few weeks their resources came to an end, they lost work and could not get employment. A petition was drawn up by the lead- ers among the Austrians in Montreal in which expression was given to the desire of the Austrians to go to the laké internment camp' and work under the supervision pf the guards. among the Austrians and within a week, 1,300 Austrian workingmen voltintarily signed the petition. Two things have contributed to who, a8 the neutral répresenta- | { of | | Mont- | their | { bones This petition was circulated | far in both | run. thig desire among the Austrians to | get away--the fact that the Govern- ment supplies them with sheepskin coats, thick winter underwear, lu .bermen's socks, overshoes and haver- sacks for their belongings, feeds them regularly and pays them 25 cents a day for their labor in addi- tion to housing them. , the rock incasing the skeleton, grad- The guards have no trouble with them and the registrar of alien €n- emies for Montreal is receiving re- quests every day from batches of Austrians to be sent away, and they are being complied with as quickly as possible. German 5py as Priest. Some interesting and anthentis sidelights on the war in France are given in a letter from Mr. Paul Rochat of Toronto, at present in the 118th Regiment of French Infantry. Mr. Rocbat writes from a hespitaT in Bijou, where he has been 'lying ounded for the last three months "In a village," he writes, ¢'lo which the regiment had retired for a few days' rest, the doctors and sév- eral officers, about twenty bec, looking for a house to rest in, met a kindly priest. He said to them: 1 havéd a Ne House for you to rest In. Come with me. I shail give you a good dinner, my ehildreu, and to-morrow morning I shall say Mass for you and bless you. "They accepted his invitation with uelight, and soon were ready lo sit down in front of a good dinner. The priest disappeared, and ten minutes later a shell burst over the housa, They hurried out; just a time to escape dégiyuction befofe = second shell destroyed 'the house. . They looked for the priest, but he was no! to be found. took some prisoners, among who was an officer who was mone other | than the 'kindly' priest." Weeds. , During the past five years agricol- 'tural investigation work, has been conducted along various lines by the Lands Committeé of the Commission of Conservation. The weed question has received considerable attention and some facts have been revealed which show the real seriousness of this problem. Many of the worst In 1910, 100 farmers wore visited in each of the Prairie Provinces and cent. of the Manitoba A few days later they | | seum, { the sacking is stripped 'off and ex- { mer and chisel chipping away the I'the bones are freed they are assem- | bled and made ready for meunniing. | bling, 8nd over these is poured white i shellac. in pum- 1! § {with which he has since been con- | .the vicinity of his ranch he had seen "has received seven certificates, among A DINOSALRES HINT. of the Queerest Bags Yeo, Am returned East not leng since f inting trip in'Alberta with me remarkable bag of game It weighed many tons. he man was Barnum: Brown, as- curator of fessil reptiles in the can Museum. of Natural History. He had been out in Alberia engaged in the greatest of modern ~hunting dinosaurs. He got i late 80 Amer sports five, Hdw them is Prof. Brown came an interesting story. Some ago a man named Wagner stood in the Hall of Reptiles in the Museum of Natural History examin- ing with great curiosity the skeleton the Jurassic brontosaurus. Then he went up to the office of Professor Brown. He introduced himself as J. L. Wagnef of Alberta, Canada. He remarked aonsthe gfEantie size of the brantosaurus, and its peenliar form- ation. Would Mr. Brown be inter- ested in collecting such bones _as these? he inquired. Professor Brown would. Mr. Wagper said that be came from the region of the Red Deer River Canyan, in Alberta. In to find many such hones, Acting on the directions of Wag- ner, Prof. Brown made a preliminary trip in 1910. He found the Red Deer River region rich in fossil bones. He went again a yrar later; and in June of 1914 made his most recent and thorough exploration, which lasted all smmamer and intapthe fall, were those of the ankylosaurus; the monoclonius, the triceratops, the orinthomimus, and the tyrranosau- rus. It was in the River Canyon Jrown and his foskil-hunting ex- | pedition camped. They requisitioned | a large flai-beat on which they float- ed slowly down the stream beiween | the frowning walls. No artist or scenie voluptuary, drunk beauty, ever scanned his surround- jogs with such avid eyes as did these fossil hunters. They searched region with candles, as the saying is. On occasions their eyes would de- | tect something on a lofty ledge; pér- haps a bone weathered out and lying exposed to view. Theh the party would leave thé boat and climb to examine the "find." One look at a | bone tells the scientist what part of | that Prof. | the reptile it is. Now fer the quarrying. Having satisfied themselves as to how the of a skeleton lie--that js to say, in what direction is the head and what 'the tail--the fossil collec- | tors set themselves to find out how directions the remains This is done by .chiselling away the rock, partially exposing the bones, until they terminate. A trench is dug completely around nally undermining it. When this is done, a mixture of plaster of paris and water is poured over the stone to hold it together and prevent its cracking or breaking with the bones incagsed within. The detached stone is then rolled over and more plaster of paris and water poured upon it. The whole mass is done up in gunny sacking, hauled down. to the boat and brought back to camp to be shipped in that condition to the mu- . "In the laboratory of the museum perienged men set to work with ham- stone incasing the bones. When all Bones that have been weathered out are very often cracked and erum- The shellac seeps into the broken and porous parts of the bones | and holds them solidly together. Without any other treatment, the petrified skeletons are ready for mounting. With the aid of strong wires. channel Trebs dnd steel sup- ports, the huge fossil frames are set up and placed on exhibition. ? Still More Service. Capt. J. C. Fletcher, of the Twenty- Sixth Middlesex Regiment, has just received from Ottawa a colonial auxi- lary forces long service medal. Capt. Fletcher; whose home is on Madison avenue, London, has com- pleied twenty-four years of service in the army, He entered military life in 1891, enlisting with the Oxford. Ri- fles; but in 1896 he transferred to the Twenty-Sixth Middlesex Regiment nected, steadily rising till he obtain- ed his captaincy. struction for the various ranks which he has held have been taken at the Royal Military Colege, from whick he them being a military drill instruc- tor's certificate. ! 1 "In 1912, the year incy, he was successful in pass- ing he amination tb qualify for a » | € Fy ib un t, er has volunteered for varvice at DS Ri ng ea region of Red Deer the J His courses of in- |. following that in| which Capt. 'Fletcher received his | tory The skeletons he brought back : ' Q } ¥, 7 with 5, i iH "aad To ---- ay q Order SUNKIST Oranges Today Big, Juicy, Sweet, Firm, Tender- Meated, Scedless Navels are Now on Sale in Abundance : at All Good Dealers' Stores in Your Neighborhood "Sunkist"! dard of quality fornia's finest groves. Picked only when 1 ripened: Prices are low. than you pay for on Don't go'without them now Sunkist cost stands for a rigidly main nd these oranges come every meal ary or no 1g es. them & 4 at , begin- nighl?--have Sunkist sliced for dessert. Sunkist Lem Serve mare when they are so & n gr ry Ciag fresh, foll-favered, clean, ; Delicious mint leaf, Bavér, or the new double strength Peppormi ; od a nd ood nd good 1 86 Ww telicacy v8 to empl t Lemot a household help, Poi nerves are a-tingle, head fatigued, appetite gone, digestion poor = = ember THEN ben - _--either will moiston your mouth, swesten your breath, soothe © Walkervilie has decided to con tribthite $50,000 to the Canadian Pa- triotie Pund,.and of this amount more than one-half has already been Time 18 money, but it ie apt to hang more heavily ou our han