RT SN NGO SORT NCC SOT SRL NE Vee. NUR OL SRY SEAT Re ST | WHAT FARM WOMEN WANT | * From Superior a The secretary of the United States department of agriculture recently sent out a circular letter to the wives of farmers who had correspoa with the department about their craps, asking them what they thought farm women needed and what could be done to meet their needs. Only 2.241 replies were received ito the 35,000 letters sett 'and the secretary _ announces that it is safe to infer that "most of those who did mot answer are fairly contented. Maybe yes, maybe no. However that is, it might be a good thing for Canadians to Jend an ear to what the women on the Americans farms have to say for there is a striking similarity between conditions on either side of the line. ~ One thing asked for by a large number of these letters is the direct concern of the community at large. This is the plea that the public in show the farmer and hi ly 'more res . These writers question the eat the public to ded] Better Roads--No More Hayseed Jokes--Freedom City Visitors, 3 minimize, depreciate, even degrade and insult their occupation. The cur- rent humor of the press, with its jests about Reuben, with hayseed in his hair, comes in for rebuke. The tendency to ridicule the farmer till the very word "countrified" has come to be a term of reproach, acts to the disadvantage of the farm: homes, it is déclared. The young people are unwilling to remain where they are objects of contempt or even of ¢ool- ly superior condescension. Apparent- lv the farmer's wife, perhaps more than the farmer himself, feels keen- ly the airs 'some city sisters give themselves when they run down into the country for the summer--very often to impose a heavy burden of entertainment on the overworked farmer's wife. In Isolation and Monotony. A large proportion of the letters complained of the isolation and monotony and lack of social interests Almost all of them speak of the long hours of labor. The long hours of the farmer himself impose even longer hours on the women who serve the meeds of the farm "hands. The government is asked for a law limiting farm work to 8 or 10 hours a day, for both men and women. It is even asked by ome or two men through these letters that it be a mis- demeanor to employ women in the fields. In some cases it is said that women do all the housework and half the work on the farm,too. One woman protests against the hens: "My hpsband shares the common mistaken notion that the eggs and chickens we ssll 'buy the groceries.' The truth is that if the fowls on our farm, and on most such farms, were charged up with the grain they eat and the garden they destroy and half the value of the labor and care be- stowed upon them they would come out in debt every time. To'have any 'luck' with fowls you must give them lots of attention. They make a good, deal of work, too. This is my ques- tion; When I have cooked, and swept, and washed, and ironed, and make beds for a family of five (two small children), and have done the negces- sary mending and sewing, haven't I done enough? In any fair division of labor between the farmer and his SL NT YO Wa Oe Ne Ye a SOU eR ET OT SO NT NERY NUR SC NR Se YER OO Sey Neer a Sear Ne Ne ee ee aren wife the man would take the out- doors and the woman the indoors. That would drop the chickens on the man's side, with the probable result that on most farms there would be 00 chickens; on some there would be big flocks. It is the little things, the side issues, that eat up the profits and make life so hard on many farfns More farm women have turned their faces longingly toward the town 'on account of chickens than nearly any other thing. Most of us want flow- ers. How can we have flowers when our garden destroyers stand waiting] to undo our efforts a¢ soon as our sunbonnets disappear. Don't tell me to 'shut the chickens up.' They eat their heads off visibly. if they are shut up, and besides they don't thrive in confinement like they do in the open. Nothing "agrees" with them, apparently, like scratching up a flower bed. : Long hours are partly to blame for the lack of recreation. ' There is not time in many cases to visit the neighbors or take advantage of what social opportunities are offéred. Yet it is said that if a central gathering place could be provided the social life of these neighborhoods weuld de- velop itself. It is claimed that the roads are now kept up for the bene- fits of automobilists, and the side roads sed by small farmers who D) Cire For have no automobiles are left in a bad condition. = This makes them impos- sible for the "horse and buggy" of the women, and moreover the ci lessness of the automobiles public causes the farm women to hesitate to go joggling about the country in their "buggies" as of old. - More books are asked for, a library in the school or some other centre, for dis- tributing literature. Other letters however, tell of great contentment in the long evenings on the farm, with music and books and in ome case three daily newspapers! Here the benefit to country people of the daily press is emphasized again, for it brings the vivifying influence of something new to think of. The phonograph is a source of pleasure often named. ¥ Libraries on Wheels. . Better roads and cheaper . tele- phones and real free delivery actoal- ly at the house, not the crossroads-- are practical means, with the use of school-houses as social centres, to relieve the chief disadvantage . or farm life, its isolation. Some means to circulate books, magazines and papers, such as is used in many plac- es already, with the libraries on wheels, the magazine clubs and the like, would be an advantage every- where. Only a few of the letters complain of the difficulty of getting a fair price for farm products, but these complain bitterly. The wo- men in some instances remi the world that their only pay is food and clothes, though they often do fully as much work as the men. Many of the women call for household belp, which is almost impossible to get in some parts of the country, though a "hired woman" is often as Aaecessary as a "hired man." One letter tells how the women worked out their pwn problem with- out outside help. It says: "A few women of this neighbor- hood conceived the idea of meeting afternoons at the house of one and then another. Each in'turn reads aioud while the others work. This has lasted several years. The re- sults are surprising. At first only one women would read. They have now gone through hundreds of books. They all now read in their turn. They are fairly familiar with current literature, Their faste has improved to the point that they read the best books. The idea should be given publicity, and dione seeking to organize such a reading club should be warned not to begin with standard works, but with books with exciting plots sufficient to hold the attention of people . . . mot trained to think long on any one sub- Ject and to 'whom the reading habit is irksome. Taste in literature will improve by practice, but an effort to start off on a high plane will probah- Iy result in failure." : Farm clubs, and societies of farm women as the Home Economic and the Homemakers clubs are and will do very much towards solving the problems of country life as set forth by the women's letters. SLT TN NVR NERY NZ NAY SR NRT SOR NAT SRT ST The Cow's Vacation How Vong a vacation should the cow have? It depends somewhat on the cow hersell. = She, like some people, can sometimes get along with a short vacation and keep in vigor- ous working condition. It always Hepeyfls on how she is kept. If fed liberally, and well cared for, she can give milk almost continuously with- out loss or vigor, either to herself or her offspring. These things should be duly considered in each instance. Usually, however, it pays to allow, or even compel a cow to take six weeks' to two months' vaca- tion each year. 'That is, she should go dry for that time, to store up en- ough reserve to do her best for the balancé of the year. She will al- most invariably have a more vigor- ous call if given a good rest. KINGSTON Kingston, May 29. Meats. : Beel, local carcases, I, svieavnsessh Beef, hinds, 1b. .. Beef, cuts, 1b. ... Beef, western, 1b, + Hogs, live, cwt. .. dressed, 1b. .. 11 13 15 13 700 08 spring, by 'Dy carease .... Mutton, 1b. ..... Veal, by carcase,lb. MARKET REPORTS 15 15 Trout, salmon, Ib, White fish, 1b. .. Poultry, Chickens, dressed ib Chickens, itv», 1b. Ducks, 1b. . Heps, dressed, 1b. Hens, live, 1b, ... Turkeys, 1b. 12% Dairy Products. Butter, creamery ID. eves od Butter, prints, 1b. Butter, rolls 1b .. Cheese, old, 1b. .. Cheese, new, 1b. .. Eggs, fresh, doz. . Fruit. Apples, peck ....$ Apples, Ben Davis, bbl. .. Bananas, doz, .... Cocoanuts, each .. Cucumbers, each Dates, 1b. ....... , 1b. ui Grape-fruit, each . lations, Messina, Fab asesane brries, per. ERNE in his | Do seticoted on the more Vegetables. Beets, bush. .....$ .q Cabbage, new, 1b.. a Celery, bunch ... we Lettuce, bunch,doz. « Onions, green, bunches, dos. .e Potatoes, bush. .. . Parsnips, bush. ... . Rhubarb, bunch .. Turaips, bag . Grain. Barley, bush. ....$ Bran, ton Buckwheat, bush. . Corn, yellow feed, bush. "se Corn, cracked cw Corn, meal, cwt. .. Flour, ewt. ...... Hay, baled, ton .. Hay, loose Oats, local bush. , Oats, Man., bush.. Straw, baled, ton. . Straw, loose, ton . Wheat, bus!. Beef hides, cured, per 1b. Beef, hides, green, 1b. .. Heavy bulls, 1b, . ...... Veals, 'green, 1b. . Deacons, each Tallow rendered in cakes .... Kips or grassers, 1b. ........ Calf skins, per 1b. ..... 'se Lamb and shearling, each .. Sheep skins, each, upto .... $2.00 Horse hides, each, up to .... 350 ROYALTY TO CONSERVE Toronto, May 29.---A sheriff Dep- uty Minister of Game and Fisheries, report, alludes to amend- ments to the Ontario game and fish- eries act enacted during the session of 1914, 'which contained two im- portant provisions, one Jimiting the season's bag for ducks.whd the other providing for the licensing of fur dealers. = According to the report of overseers, the bag limit has proved 80 liberal that few bave been tempt- ed to exceed it, and the fortunate few have been suflictently publie- a : 0 rom license fora dlots, and I beg leave to in the form of position of a a y ing ant ens partment lo restrict the catch within to be safe." AS experience - ight 0c| advantage that the chicks can be Sheriff, "that this | cians, The growing of chicks has by many been made a laborious task, There is, however, no reason why chicks should not be reared with very little trouble. The system adopted herd makes it possible for a flock of chicks to be successfully grown with attention of a few minutes a day. When the chick is from 4 to 8 weeks old (it depends upon the time of year), they are fed in small hoppers, As they get bigger the larger hoppers are used and coarser grains fed. It must be remembered, liowever, that hoppers cannot be used for small chicks until they have a good range; but just as soon as they are permitt- ed to run, the hopper system. can be used without any {ll effect. Feet the same kind of grain they will get when they come into the laying house in the fall. It is a mistake to feed chicks grain that cannot be obtain- ed in larger quantities at reasonable prices for the laying hens later. Soft mashes are not used.. Probably a mash will bring the chicken along more quickly than a dry grain, bat for breeding purposes a dry grain Markets are only satisfactory when they yield a reasonable margin over the cost of production. It is then readily apparent that the cost of pro- duction has as much to do with pro- fits as has the selling price of these same products. The market for 'wheat is very satisfactory at the pre, sent time because the crop was pro- duced with a selling price of from 65 to 85 cents in view. When it jump- ed to something over a dollar'a bush- el it left a very wide margin. The crops are being put in this year prac- cally as cheaply as they have ever been put in, but with wheat at $1.25 per bushel how long will the cost of production remain at its present le- vel? We can readily see that if the high level in prices is maintained the cabbage, the potatoes and the raspberries. From all indications no harm was done to the crops, not even to the raspberries. It was certainly an ideal range: for the method will produce better chicks chicks and more of them. For ear- ly broilers or for cockerals intended for market purposes the mash will give the best results, but the feeding of dry grain im hoppers will cut down the labor to the minimum. The housing of growing chicks in the movable colony houses has the placed on mew ground at amy time. The placing of these houses in an or- chard along a root or corn field gives ideal conditions to the chicks. This year a nu -were placed in the Horticulta grounds, running In THE JITNEY, It is Likely to Stay--A Racy Rhyme. About the Machine Whether the jitney has come to stay ig still a subject for discussion in motoring circles, . One thing is certain, however, the five-cent auto ride has made a decided hit with the public in most Canadian cities. Un- der the title "The Jitney" the fol- lowing rhyme appears in the May is- sue of Goodyear Tire News (publish- ed by the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. of Canada, Limited), which igs: trates the popularity of these vehi- cles, in a rather amusing way: : festive jitney gaily glides pro. v out their liver pills and dope for oth- er bad-air ilis and break the cure-all fakers. For air at thirty miles an hour forced in our I chicks and there is no doubt that the insects they gathered was an advan- tage to the orchard crops, Where large numbers of chicks are kept it is a good plan to separate the younger from the older and, where possible, when the chicks get 3 or 4 months old to separate the pullets from the cockerals. When a young man proposes it is up to the girl to loge her self-pos- session. ; There's nothing like leather--not even the numerous imitations. - COMMENTS BY ZACCHEUS Who Is Lonely Without the of the 21st. Bagpipes A--After departure of 21st Con- tingent, our streets seeried very quiet. B---Beguiling are martial and clarion calls. C--Count on our boys doing their full duty at the front. x D--Danger no deterrent to them: E---Eager every one for broil and steps battle. F--Fit motto: G----Glory or the grave. H--Heads and hearts - bent on thrashing the things ? I--In every way fitted for action. J--Just look for a héefol from each and every one of them. K--Killing innocent children ana their mothers a cause of rejoicing to the Kaiser's. Kultured demons. L--Lusianla crying for vengean- ce M--Meekness of President Wil- son's astounding. This peace at all 4 N---No one outside of Pekin would be so soft and sacrificing. O---=Outla: alist seems to say, please, be gentle. P---Panther sweet, come te. ie record |, cost, public conscience will not en- dorse. | ws! this bland, mild mor- || and kiss | me; don't crunch my bones, be a i smooth the water was, ones their tiny, feet getting ber the "Marner wet. our f-r-e-a-t Eagle » wee, weak ban A i. pot Be te but mothers object to their littiel] for another year that much bonanza farming will be undertaken. But we can also see with the high returns that grain farming promises, and the productive power that modern agri- cultural machinery gives to each man, that upon the cessation of the war prices will soon drop and that there is a big possibility that many will be producing grain at a loss. We have referred to grain because grain is in an unusually attractive position in regard to markets at the present time. But the same princi- ples apply to all other farm products. They must be produced below aver- age market prices if a margin of pro- fits is to be secured. . Just as soon as high prices induce expensive me- thods of production, then'-- with the The A B C-Of Stock Raising. How should a man go into live- stock? Slowly, of course. There are one or more cows on every farm. Start in by learned, or thinks he has, then let him hand. Not every man can learn that; but most men can, if they are caught early and really want tolearn. Wh ible, use mares instead of geldings, and raise a colt or two each year. Get a few sheep not more than ten or a dozen at first, and learn how to care for them. ' After a man has this fairly well learned, or thinks he has, then let him increase the number of cows. Ten or a dozen cows; brood mares enough to do the farm work, three or four brood sows, and ten or fifteen sheep, this is all the start that a THE MARKETS AND PRODUCTION succeeding years can losses be ex- pected until more economical meth- ods have been re-attained. It is hoped that with a control of markets by the co-operative organi- zations of the farmers that more sat- isfactory markets will be established. This will likely be the case, but just as the production of farm products is unstaple the market for such pro- ducts must fluctuate to a marked ex- tent. Because of this fact, the con- trol of the cost of production has really more to do with the margin of profit than the selling price, which is controlled largely by the relation of the total production over a very large area--perhaps the world, as in the case of wheat---to the demand. "Farmers' Advocate," (Winnipeg). ~ > quarter section farmer neéds in grow- ing livestock. His livestock will ine crease quite as fast as his knowledge of how to care for them. In fact, it is rather his knowledge, than the productive capaeity of his farm, that is likely to be thé limiting factor in his livestock operations, Growing livestock necessarily «in volves growing somethifg for them to eat. Start in with learning how to grow gran3, an easy thing to do provided a man will first empty him- self of all his previous knowledge, and do what an experienced farmer will tell him to do. ' The probabili- ty is that he won't do it at the start, but will have to learn by experience; but in this way he can eventually be- come skilful, x . The Key To Success S. Roughton, = re anvERaL AGENT, Keep the Men in give him our grocer for Kddy's 'Golden Tents,' two of our many brands. THE E. B. EDDY 00. Good Humor 'When hubby "lights up'? for his after-din- ner smoke, be sure he has a match which will a steady light, first stroke. . .. Ask Tip" or "Bi