BUENO : News | Views iO ST a eT "I 1. had known as much then as, I do now," is the constant lament of the old man and the old nation. Once, only in history has a nation been en- | dowed with the experience of age | and the strength of youth. That | nation is Canada. Across the border line, which se- | parates us from the United States, is | & nation. 160 years older than we, | which has passed through in a re | markably cloge degree the develop- ment which we must experience in the next 100 years. We can learn from the United States; from its failures perhaps even more than from Its successes, ' The outstanding failure of the United States, in the opinion of the late British Minister at Washington i8 to be found in its city government. The chief factor in that failure Is the Areéatment which America has accord- ed to the immigrant. It is in the treatment of the immigrant that Can- ada can learn most from the failure of our neighbor. It is from the pro- per treatment of the immigrant that Canada can gain most in the next quarter of a century. In the United States industry has dominated politics since the decline of the Influence of the South in 1850. All through this period the cry of in- dustry for cheap labor determined the policy of the government toward immigration. . The open door to the land of freedom and opportunity sounded well on the floor of Con- Bress, But in secret councils it was the open shop of cheap foreign work- ers that counted. The Immigration policy of the Uni- ted States, like that of Canada, has consisted simply in the invitation to come, After the immigrant had ar- rived and passed the insignificant re- quirements of Ellis Island, he was told simply to go where he pleased. Of course he went to the cities, the mines, the factories,the railroads. He seldom went to the land. Not oniy did he go to these places, but he was herded there. in great congested dis- tricts, and segregated from the- life of the land. He formed a little Russia, a Jewry, and a little Greece in every city on the continent. The result was a poor and too of- ten slum population. This popula- tion had the inalienable right guar- anteed by the constitution to vote for presidents, judges, congressmen, mayors and aldermen. The immig- rant exercised this right at the bid- ding of the boss and the ward heeler. For many years the small group of capitalists in control of the political machine legislated and administered aa they pleased by means of the great solid foreign vote, which they bought for a few odd jobs, a little judicious flattery, some Christmas turkeys and campaign drinks and cigars. This is the lesson that faces the Canadian people to-day. "What will we do with the imniigrant?" is the question that must be answered un- less we are prepared to follow in the footstéps of our neighbor. It is use- less to say that this cannot happen in Canada. It has happened on a small seale already. It is happen- ing in Toronto to-day. It is NWap- pening in the West. In 1901 the population of Canada was 94 per cent. British and 6 per cent foreign. In 1911 it was 89 British and 11 per cent foreign. The foreign percentage of the population had almost doubled in ten years. The increase has stopped now, but after the war it will go forward by leaps and bounds. I is more than likely that by 1940 the population of Can- ada will be over half "foreign." There is nothing very wrong with The Immigrant in Canada covering séven counties the foreigner as an immigrant. He is not the degenerate product of the city slums, he Italian, Slav or Jew. He has race qualities that will form a valuable element in the new Canadian that is to be. The mysticism of the Slav is needed in the dominant Anglo-Sa- xon materialism. The communis- tie tradition of the Slav will be a useful corrective for the individual- ism of the Scot. The happy, careless passionate Italian has a distinct con- tribution to make to the spirit of our people, The Jew with his strange anomales, &is ideallsm and thrift; his cleverness and industry, is to be! welcomed rather than despised. Our danger is not from the immi- grant, but from our own indifferen- ce and failures to put him to better! uses than those of a political mach- ine. We cannot get rid of the im- migrant. We cannot do without him. He must come, The unan- swerahle law of the survival bids our| doors open to him, But we can dir- ect the immigrant as he comes and after he arrives. We can, instead of leaving him alone to sink to the lower lavels, take him and place him where he can do most good for him- self and his adopted country. Perhaps the chief trouble with our immigrant population is that it is segregated. The immigrants in the cities are crowded together. In, the prairies they gather into colonies, and too often present a strong wall of 'indifference to every influence in the land. In some way we must shuffle the pack. It spells ruin to the country to allow the formation of racial cliques on a large scale. Much of the shuffling can be left to chance, and the size and opportunity of a new country. But 'the experience of the United States shows ug that this is not enough. \ The Ontario farmer. i in need of help. It is safe to say that eight- tenths of the Slavs and Italians in Canada come from the country. If these people could be.put on Ontario farms with their families as hired help, a long step forward would be made, The farmer is needlessly mistrustful of the foreigner. On better acquaintance he will find him a good, honest workman, The immi- grant could settle down in a small house on a Corner of the farm with a plot of ground of his own. His children would go to the distriet school 'and grow up on an equality with the other children. In time he would buy a part of the farm, and when the old. people retired a new generation of Canadians would be es- tablished on the land. This is no idle dream, It has happened no further away than -Mimico. Not long ago an old Canadian farmer, whose. children had gone to the city, sold 200 acres for $11,000. The man who bought it is an Italian 'who worked for.the owner for years. In August the Italian's son is to be mar- ried to a neighboring Canadian girl. Fear has been expressed that a system of serfdom might arise out of such an experiment. This is too ac- ademic an objection to deserve much notice. Hydrophobia might arise out of it too, but 'we need not worry about it yet, This objection indica- tes chiefly that the person who made it wanted something to talk about. The process is much more likely to be in the direction of the small hold- ing. All these people need is a stirrup and they can be depended upon to climb into the saddle, Cattle branding is gradually being rendered obsolete, as the generally enforced construction of fences makes it unnecessary. He is industrious, be | RTE Vu ow vs AUTOMOBILES FOR FARMERS An investigation by Farm Life, in = South- western Indiana, shows that twice as many automobiles are being sold-this year as compared with last and that about seventy-five per cent, of the machines going out this season are being sold to farmers. The investigation seems thorough enough to establish a basis for the whole country. The licenses issued by the state were first considered, running about 64,000, against 36,- 000. for the same date in 1914. The dealers were interviewed, as well as |- more than seven hundred farmers. Farm Life declares that not. only are average farmers buying mach- ines, but that every fourth or fifth man interviewed, if he had no car, | was arranging to buy one--this year or next--if his crops and his live stock ventures turn out according to Lis 1easonah'e¢ hopes. | Is this unusual investment in aue | tcuobiles bv 'armers a sign of pros- {| perity? : { It is attributed by Farm Life large- {ly to the decrease in the price of ma- {chines and the need felt by the farm- | ers for time-saving and pleasure- | £1ving vehicle. In no instance was it found that the farmers neglected their flocks and fields to go joy rid- ing; ca the contrary, th¢ machine owqers were prosperous and happy. The Kicking Horse, The cure of a kicker is a difficult task, There are many remedies ad- vised, but even the best is sometimes ineffectual. It may arise from vice or from excessively nervous disposi- tion. One of the common applicances used is to swing a bale of straw be- hind the horse so that he may kick until he is tired without doing injury to himself... The bale will swing to and fro and irritate to the point of persuasion that there are more profit- able vices than kicking. Se wee 8 ORE EON Of And 0 | THE FARMER'S cD By Frank I. Mann. I believe in a permanent agrioul- ture, a soil that will grow richer rather than poorer from year to year. I believe in a 100-bushel corn and in 50-bushel wheat, and I shall not be satisfied with anything else. I believe that the only good weed is a dead weed, and that a clean farm is as important as a clean con- science. + Ajo I believe in the farm boy and the farm girl, the farmer's best crops, the future's best hope. I believe in the farm woman, and will do all in my power to make her life easier and happier. I believe in a country school that prepares for a country life, and a country church that teaches its peo- ple to love deeply and live homor- ably. 1 believe in community spirit, a pride in home and neighbors, and 1 will do my part to make my com- munity the best in the state. I believe In the farmer, I beleve in farm life, I believe in the inspir- ation of the open country. I am proud to be a farmer, and I will try earnestly to be worthy of the name. Shade For The Chicks. Shade is necessary for =~ growing chicks and adult fowls. Provide shade and shelter from the hot sun and plenty of places to run under in sudden showers. Quickly growing annual vines will supy.7 this shade if there are no trees in the yards, For this purpose the wild cucumber is very good. But best of all are the fruit trees In the yards, for they gerve as double purpose. r It is possible for a man to be a failure without having failed. For GROWING THE CURRANT 1 . In pruning the currant encourage an upright growth or the hush form with several scraggy habit with but few stems. Four to eight stems are desirable, de- pending upon soil and variety. Aim to keep a continuous supply of vigor- ous shoots coming on. In well-prun- ed plantations no wood over three years old should be found. In setting currants and gooseber- ries, set them deep In the soil; they will not bear fruit unless you de it. In setting the plants in the hole, fill partly with soil and then put in some old dressing and then cover this dressing with soil two or three inch- es. Currants and gooseberries are gross feeders, and if you want to get a large crop you must feed for It. Use barn dressing and be very liberal with it. This will pay better tha a small dose, which means a smal erop of fruit, poer in quality add poor in price also. Dry Rot In Potatoes. Dry rot is causing a great deal of damage to potato growers in some sections. If the stem end of a dis- eased potato is shaved off, ° brown thread like strands may be seen ex- tending inte the potato. This dis- ease which causes rot grows while the potatoes are in storage. When this diseased seed is planted, the new potatoes in the field become diseased. Much of this may be prevented by cutting off the stem end of the pota- to, being sure to remove all the dis- colored part and throwing it away, then dipping the seed in a solution of | formalin, 1. pint to 20 gallons of wa- ter, or corrosive subl'mate, 1 part to 1,000 parts of water. Place the po- tatoes in a gunny sack and-submer- ge them and leave them in the solu- tion for two hours. When remov- éd from the solution, spread on a platform to dry, then cut and plant. After being treated, potatoes should not be placed in anything which has contained untreated potatoes before, The Prices Paid For Produce On Kingston Market Kingston, July 10, Meats. Beel, local CRTreases, 1b 12 14 25 14 9176 14 8 00 13 sevens nas hinds, 1b, .. Beef, cuts, 1b.... Beef, western, by carcase, 1b, ... Hogs, live, cwt. .. Hogs, dressed, 1b. . Lamb, spring, by by carcase .... Mutton, 1b. ..... Veal, by carcase,lb. Fish, Bloaters, doz. .... Cod, steak, 1b. ... Bolly ID: ovoonn se Haddies, finnan, 1b. Haddoék, fresh, 1b, Haddock, frozen, 1b Haltbut, fresh, 1b. Herrin: fpésh wa- ter, doy '..u... Live lobsters, 1b. Mackerel Beef, wt sees Lene Salmon, Qualia, 1b. Salmon, cohos, 1b, Salam, Chinook, Wy snninpe wavs Shad, smoked, Ib. Suckers, Ib. ..... Trout, salmon, Ib. White fish, 1b, .. ve 15 12% 16 " Poultry, Chickens, dressed Chickens, live, Ib. Ducks, Ib.~...... Hens, dressed, 1b. Hens, live, 1b, ... ? Turkeys, 1b. .... Dairy Products. creamery 'Butter, "prints, ib.. Butter, rolls 1b .. Cheese, old, Ib. ,. Cheese, new, 1b. .. Eggs, fresh, dos. . Fruit, Apricots, dos. .... Bananas, dos. .... Cherries, basket . Cucumbers, each . Pigs, I vonyss ie Lemons, Messina, AOR. «+s vivs snus Peaches, doz. .... Plums, doz. ...... Nuts. mixed, 1b. .. Oranges, doz. .... Strawberries, DOR oo usniinn vn Tomatoes, 1b. .... Butter. 1b. Vi Beets, bush. .....$ se - Cabbage, new, 1b.. . Celery, bunch ... . Lettuce, bunch, dos, .. * Onions, green, bunches, doz. . Potatoes, bush. .. Parsnips, bush. ... Rhubarb, bunch .. Turnips, bag .... Grain, Barley, bush, ....§ Bran, tO :..vse. Buckwheat, bush. . Corn, yellow feed, bush, i.vi..i's Corn, eracked ewt. Corn, meal, cwt. .. Flour, cwt. Hay, baled, ton .. ie Hay, loose ...... 1700 Oats, local bash. . « .. Oats, Man., bush.. Straw, baled, ton. . Straw, loose, ton . Wheat, bush. .... Hides. Beef hides, cured, per 1b. .... Beef, hides, green, 1b, ...... Heavy bulls, 1b. . .......... Veals, green, Ib, . ......... Deacons, each" .......... Tallow rendered in cakes .... Kips or grassers, 1b. ........ Calf skins, per 1b. ......... Lamb and shearling, each .. Sheep skins, each, up to .... $2.00 stems, rather than a L CRORE JOO On Farmers | New Treatment of Soil They are pasteurizing the soil over in England, thereby adding tremen- dously to its productiveness and greatly promoting the health of the vegetation which it supports." In a recent report of the Rothamstead ex. periment station Dr. E. J, Russel] as- serts that the process accomplishes the following results: First--It increases the. production of nitrate and ammonia. Sécond--It destroys many disease- producing organisms. Protozoa and organisms detrimental to bacteria likewise suffer. Third--It forms certain substances not usually found in the soil, Fourth~--It works a very marked improvement in the moré = heavy oils. The effect of the plant 1s, in brief, to give it a larger supply of nitro. genous food and 'a healthier medium in which to grow. The Work is gen- erally accomplished by heat, usually Steam, but the station i3 diligently seeking some means by which it may be done chemically, which would be to make the process at once cheaper and far more convenient. To this date experiments have been confined almost entirely to green- houses wand nurseries, owing to the expense. But even so, the cost has been reduced from a shilling and a half per ton of soll to sixpence a ton, and the prospect for a still far- ther cheapening is good. en---- Diseases of the Potato, There could hardly be a more time- y or a more practicable, valuable publication at this moment than Cir. cular No. 9 of the Divison of Botany at the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, dealing with "The Control of Potato Dsieases," by H. T. Gussow, the Do- minion Botanist, With the con- tents of this'circular every grower of the "'solanum tuberosum" would pro- fit by acquainting himself, It tells of the different diseases to which the potato is subject and of the preven- tives and remedies that can be successfully applied. Especially does it deal with seed pothtoes, a series of precautions being given that should dlways be taken before sow- ing, Instruction is also furnished on methods that should be adopted to redeem infected land, on the early recognition of disease, on spraying for the suppression of the Colorado beetle and Late Blight, and on the storing of seed potatoes. How to use bi-chloride of mercury and in what Quantity is explained. Stable manure should not be used for pota- toes is the sound advice given, as it may engender a scabby crop, which can be averted by the vss of fertilis- ers, When there is a lack of hu- mus in the soil, an application of crumbled peat will be found benefi. cial, This will also retain mois- ture in light soils. Information is given on the preparation and use of Bordeaux mixture, The Circular, which can be had by application to the Publication Branch, Department of 'Agriculture, Ottawa, should have a.wide circulation, -- Cutworms' and How to Fight Them. Farmers, market gardeners and others who cultivate the soil will be Pleased to know that the Entomolo. gical Branch of fhe Dominion De- partment of Agriculture, has issued a bulletin on "Cutworms and Their Control," prepared by Arthur Gib- son, Chief Assistant Entomologist, In the introduction it is stated that out- worms as a class rank importance with such well. knowglpests as the San Jose Scile, the Codling Moth and the Hessian Fly, all of which ure among our most destructive insect enemies. There are certainly few insects which, year after year, inflict such widespread damage as the vari- ous caterpillars known commonly as cutworms. The annual loss ocea- sioned by these insects in Canada amounts to hundreds of thousands of dollars, In the bulletin the meth. ods of controlling cutworms are dis- cussed fully, Under "Preventive Measures" the value of olean- culti- vation is referred to as well as the placing of bands of tin or paper around plants which are set out. "Remedial Measures" include de. scriptions of various pofsoned baits to destroy the cutworms, directions for the making of proper furrows or ditches to prevent the advance of armies of cutworms, ete, Fifteen common kinds of cutworms are de- scribed in popular detail, and much information given on the habits and life-history of the various species. The bulletin is fully illustrated. ADVANTAGES OF HOGS This is a true saying and a wise one: "The hog is the only animal that can convert 10 bushels of grain or its equivalent into less space than a bushel basket, and then carry it to market on his back and double its value," says the American Culti- vator. The most profitable depart- ment of any well regulated farm is the breeding and feeding of good hogs, and more farms have been paid for by hogs than any combination of sales of grain, dairy products, ete., have ever freed from debt. There are two ways of making money through hogs: one, the most com- mon being, growing hogs for the gen- eral market; the other, breeding pure-bred hogs to improve the quali- ty of breeds in general. As to the market breeding: In America any farmer that does not "hate a pig" can make a start on a very small investment of capital. First, he must settle on the breed, whether black, red, spotted, or any othér, and then buy a few young sows, being sure that they are repre- sentative of the breed he has ¢hosen. Horse hides, each, up to .... 350 Then he should select a first-class CAUTION. ment of our rights by Several instances having been discovered in Canada of the Infringe- the use of the title "Fruit Salt," or of colourable 1 KEEP ROADS IN SHAPE. If the observable effects of the re-| gnd sent rains have emphasized one fact more than another it is that despite the torrential dowpours those open- country roads which had been repeat- edly dragged, and thus given a sort of impervious hide or shell over their convex surface, remained plea- santly traversible by horse-drawn ve- hicles and motor cars, The simple explanation of this condition is that these' roads shed water, Ordinary earth roads, graded up in middie; with a low, continuous 'corner" or ditch at either side hav- ing an adequate outlet for its acere- tions of water, can by the timely use of the split log d be maintai: in excellent form. he best. DiSinen with the efficiency of the drag in the excellent upkeep of short stretches in different neighborhoods. In some I inches of gravel had been applied, some of it quite recently, these gravelled surfaces respond- ed handsomely to the work of the drag. Gravelled roads under heavy trafic soon develop pockets or ruts. The use of a drag would either pre- vent or correct this disrepair. But the peculiarly appropriate function of the drag is to keep common earth roads hard and smooth, so that wat- er will run off them before it soaks into the more porous soil underneath the thick top "skin" ---Breeders' Gazette. Another Good Rain The Farm- ers Are Jubilant O the corn is on the blink And the wheat is full of rust, The alfalfa's turning pink, And the creek's about to bu Out on the plains, O the oats is out of sight. In the water and the beans Are blown higher'n a kite, the passing submarines, And still it rains! Wow, it rains On the . on » Colored and remains OL oats and dogs and asroplanes! 3 fy £3 rr boar of the same breed, being sure that he, too, is a good individual bred in the best lines, so that his pro- / duce will be even better than the sows. Lastly, he must prepare a place for the future handling of the swine, Expensive buildings are not neces- sary, but good pasture is, and it should be well fenced, so that, he may alwivs know where his pigs are. They must have a dry, warm sleep- ing place, where they may also rest when not on pasture. A prime es- sential is good pure water, and plenty of it. If there is a spring through the pasture, that is excellent; if not, it may be furnished by means of self- watering fountains. The hog is the only animal that does not perspire, so it cannot stand extremely hot sunshine, and must therefore, have cool shade, natural or artificial. Given these things, success Is strictly up to the man. If he will give his swine the care he would give his dairy cows and calves or his horses he will find them far more profitable than either, It is estimated that ninety-three per cent of the ocean floor is entirely devoid of vegetation. y ' - \ =x | Vs bs aa bE ti 15 I-A ts) Ls ir rt Pa il