3 PAGE TWELVE NO) y NRT SNL SRL ST ST YET SRE SR SOR SL Seu HL NT ST Sr ne A. Ie. i News | And | Views FR SR TR SN a NN Farmers' Clubs in Ontario now to tal over 300, Oantario's Horticultural Societies have 14,000 members enrolled The attendance at Farmers and Women's Institute meetings last year totalled 361,237, Methods of holding Celery Blight in check have been demonstrated by the Department, District Representatives are tak- Ing a live stock census in the coun- ties in which they are located. Varieties of corn are being tested by the Department to ascertain the best for silage purposes. Onion Smut is reported in Ontario for the first time, and means have been adopted to keep it under con- trol. Eighty-five short courses in stock and seed judging were held last year under the direction of. the Depart ment, The Department last year publish ed 290,000 bulletins and 261,000 an nual reports, in addition to 35,000 crop reports, Local apiary demonstrations, to- talling 55, were held in the province last year for the, better instfiction of beekeepers, Foul Brood among Bees, while held in check by the niethods of the Departnien{, does not seem to be dis. appearing. The Ontario Veterinary College, which is under the Provincial De- partment of Agriculture, had an at tendance last year of 334, Two features of Women"s-dnstifute work last year were Demonstration- Lecture Courses in "Sewing" and "Food Values and Cooking." - Last year the Stationary Engineers' Branch of the 'Department issued about 8,400 ° certificates and the Board examinéd 1,076 candidates. In addition to the Winter Fairs at Ottawa and Guelph, the Department gave financial assistance to 25 Horse Shows and 44 Poultry Showa. Seventy-five per cent. of the farm help placed through the Ontario De- partment of Agriculture have been placed 'on yearly engagements, At the Macdonald Institute at Guelph the 'attendance continues to be limited by the accommogdation. The attendance last year totalled 741 Thirty-three dairy instructors were employed by the Department, and 232 district dairy meetings were held, with a total attendance of 12,- 446 Thirty Courses in Agriculture for farmers' sons, and "Weld in various sections of the country, were con- ducted last year by District Repre- sentatives, Lo "Junior Farmers' Improvement Associations are being organized in Ontario wherever young men have taken short or other courses in agri- culture, Yellows and Little Peach disease have been pracacally eliminated in Ontario, and measures have been adopted for the control of the Cherry Fruit Fly, Alfalfa is being grown in various parts of the province under the di- rection of the Department, in order to supply farmers with seed sulted to this climate, Ontario's share of the Federal] grant in aid of agriculture was $230,- 868.83, and of this $100,000 was ex- pended on the work of District Rep- resentatives. At the Demonstration Farm at Monteith many . settlers purchased their seed last year, and the farm is also serving to improve the live stock of the district, 4 Large quantities of vegetables are imported into the province every year, and the Department is encour- aging vegetable growers to raise more vegetables under glass, In the acre-profit competition last year 501 bushels of potatoes were raised on one acre by a Middlesex competitor at a cost of $32.62, and with a net profit of $167.18, The average net profit of the five coniing highest last year in the acre profit competition for potatoes total. led $124.06, and that of the lowest five was $18.49» It is the aim of the Department to have pupils look upon the Rural Schoo) Fair as a children's organiza- tipn, and separate from the township or county agricultural fairs. The use of electricity on the farm in Ontario is increasing, owing to the facilities placed at the farmer's dis- -------- port of the Ontario Department of Agriculture. | | ~ HON. J. S. DUFF'S REPORT posal to secure a supply from the Hydro-Electric Commission, Vegetable growers. in Ontaripg are warned of the negessity of develop- ing a home seed supply, since the former sources of supply, chia Ger. many and Holland, have béén fut off. There were 992 tho ry factories in operation in Ontario in 1914, with 38,092 patrons; 13! creameries, with 36,634 patrons, ani a teta) output of about 23,000,00uv pounds of butter Legume bacteriy cuit ares totalling 3,467, cach culture safficient tr | oculate one bushel of seed, were dis- tributed by-the Bacteriological De- partment of the Ontario Agriceitural College, ¢ The war has stopped immigration from Europe, but notwithstanding this the Colonization and Immigra-* tion Branch of the Department han- dled 5,018 farm laborers and domes- tics last year. In the dairy herd competition, con- ducted by the Dairymen's Association of Western Ontario in 1914, the first prize herd produced 7,923 pounds per cow for the six months from May to October. Sweet clover, so long regarded as a weed, is attaining considerable popularity in some sections of the prevince as fodder, and is now beilig investigated at the Ontario Agricul- tural Collegé. Factory inspections last year un- der the direction of the Department numbered 10,059, an increase of 3,- 000 over the preceding year, and the territory covered includes 410 cities, towns and villages. The Women's Institutes of the pro- vince raised over $40,000 last year | towards the Hospital Ship, Red Cross and Belgian Relief Funds, and do nated large quantities of hospital supplies and clothing, The best cow Gf the Imported Dairy Shorthorn herd at the Ontario Agricultural College gave 11,000 pounds of milk during her period of lactation, while four cows averaged 8,600 pounds during their period. Experiments at the Ontario Agri- cultural College continue to show that the variety of oats known as 0. A. C. No. 72 is still at the front in all tests, and is bein® more generally grown by the farmers of the pro- vince. : The new dining hal] at the Ontario Agricultural College is one of the fin- est of its kind on the continent, The large dining-room is equipped to seat 500, and is without pillar or post to obstruct the view or take up space, The Depariment continues the work of making surveys and holding demonstrations in ditching and tile: laying free of charge. Last year 250 surveys were made, covering 13,386 acres, and 1,673 miles of drain were laid. Rural schoo] fair are helping to interest the youth of Ontario in the land. In 1914 there were 148 fairs held in 37 counties, including the children of 1,391 schools. There were 75,602 entries and a total at- tendance of 95,310, i Several orchards arg rented annu- ally by the Department to demon- strate the value of proper cultiva- tion, pruning and spraying. Dembn- strations in packing apples, parti€u. larly in boxes, are given at fall fairs and elsewhere. N A Co-operation and Markets Branch has been establizhed by the Department in order to aduist the ag- riculturist in solving marketing pnob- lems to deal in an educational way with such matters as the name of the branch would embrace. 3 Pure bred surplus stock of the herds at the Ontarid™ Agricultural College are sold devaienly by agje- tion, At the 191% e prices Yas high as 18 cents per pound was paid for steers on the hoof, and the - cneds of the entirg sale exceeded §3,- 000. . To clear Ontario of "scrubs" #hd undesirable sives, the Departmenf is proceeding to enforce the law wigich requires the compulsory inspectiog®of stallions. This law provides tha@no grade stallion shall bé allowedSto stand or travel after August 4%) In factories and mercantile estab- lishments, with 229,480 employees, and inspected under the on of the Department last year, only in 94 cases were employees found to be un- der 14 years of age, and in ithese cases the law was promptly reed. Despite the unsettled condition o a8 J | tollowing the outbreak of the war, the attendance at the Ontario Agri- cultural College in 1914 totalled 1,- 551 Ontario students totalled 466, and those frown other provinces 74. Ontario students the. previous year numbered 449, Farmers' sons take great interest in the Feeding Hogs for Profit Com- petition, and in the twenty compe- titions last year the ayerage net pro- fit of the twenty winners was $6.40, while the average of the first five winners was $10.10 per hog, and that of the lowest five $4.55. / The ravages of the army worm last year were reported from 42 counties or districts and 234 towp- ships. The last serious outbrea occurred in 1896, At that time Brant county escaped, while in 1914 the outbreak appatréntly began there, and this county was the chief suffer- er. The benefits' of tile drainage are being shown umdeér the auspices of the Ontario Agricultural College by means of demdnstration plots show- ing the resuMs from drained and un- drained land. Prior te 1914 eight of these had been started, and the first reports show an average in- crease per acre of $14.12 on drained land, The increase in the use of elec- tricity, which is rapidly overtaking steam power, is shown by the Fac- tory Inspection Branch of the De- partment in a statement of the horse- power employed. in provincial indus- tries as follaws:. Steam, 386,767 h.p.; electric, 273,357 hp.; water, 58,896 h.p.; gas or gasolene, 7,042 h.p. For promoting the study of agri- culture in the public schools. the fol- lowing were features of work at the Ontario Agricultural College: Nor- ma] Teachers' Class in 'Elementary Agriculutre, Summer School Course for Public Schoo) Teachers, Summer School Course for High School Sei- ence Teachers, and the first Rural Teachers' Conference in "Ontario. Exprimetits being carried on at the Experimental Fruit Farm at Vine- land include one to determine the value of plum roots for the peach under certain conditions; another in pruning, in whiéh 200 Spy trees are being used; one to determine the value of dynamited holes; others to test varieties of strawberries, plums, pears, cherries, currants and goose- berries. & Few Rats gome. Young Wife.--Oh, John, the rats have eaten all my angel cake; Husband--What! All of it? Young Wife--Every piece. I feel like erying. Husband---Oh, pshaw! over a few rats. Don't cry cl | snips, other than from 0 DO Bz: Nurse Crops For Alfalfa. Especially on fields which have grown alfalfa syccessfully seeding with a nurse crop gives good results. Fall plow if the land is not too hilly and washing is apt to occur. If spring plowed the soil should be rolled after seeding so as to make a compact seed bed which is very es- sential for the alfalfa. A light har- rowing after rolling is necessary to form a.loose mulch which prevents rapid drying and evaporation. A light seeding of not over ene hushel of barley or oats per acre is highly important, Heavy seedings of the QUTSe Crop are. verw dangerous and usually crowd the alfalfa so as to stunt its development, and a poor stand results. If barley is used as a nurse crop it may be cut for grain. O@ts ripen later and must be cut for hay so as not to check the growth of the alfalfa. Varieties Of Corn To Grow. An investigation conducted by the Seed Branch.shows that about sixty- so-called varieties of corn are grown for ensilage in Ontario and Quebec, and many farmers do not know what variety they are planning. Late varie- ties are being used in districts where they will not mature one year in five to the glazing of the grain, which is the necessary conditions to make sweet ensilage. Some ordinary feed corn imported from the Central and Southern States is, used for seed. Most of this is of a late variety en- tirely unsnited to Canadian condi- tions, and is often injured by. heat- ing. » The following recommended varie- ties of corn are arranged in order of their maturity: Quebee Yellow, Longfellow, Sandford, or North Da- kota, Compton's Early Golden Grow, Eariy White, Cap, Wiscon- sin No. 7. In selecting varieties for our notrthern districts, Jatermawr ing, beavy-yielding varieties 3 plantéd on a warm, sandy sqil than on a cold clayey one. The proper maturity is essential to high quality ensilage, and this should be aimed at even although an increased acreage is needed fo give the desired quanti- ty. Wild Parsaips. Many plants closely related to the parsnip and often mistaken for wild parsnip are known to contain deadly poisons. This fact has led to a quite general belief that when the garden goes to seed in the garden plot, that is, becomes "wild", it is poisonous. Investigators haye failed to fmd any toxic substance in the wild pars- nip and experiments conducted to de- termine the physiological effect on cat, dog and man show that no ill-ef- fects have ever resulted from its use as a food. It is not advisable to use wild par- the garden plot, unless one is sure of the dis- tinction between it and poisonous: members of the same family (Umbel- liferae), such as water hemlock, cowbane, ete.--Roy G. Coffin; Colora do Agricultural College, Fort Col- lings, Colorado. CRON LC I RR For The 8 8 8 8 8 888 TT eee 88 eee aN ee a ee ein RO IR UROOTO oo. Farmers DVR SAL UL OT TN NO NR RR eR ea ee Ne TERN VR SUR YER SOR VERT HR NA a | QUALITY OF FARM PRODUCTS riotism Crops." Zavitz. The reading of this bulletin should assist in a material improvement in prepared by 'Prof. C. farm products of the Provinee. It deals with experiments made in the raising of each of the field crops and of other import- ant crops (chiefly ers, Ontario Agricultural Farm, experimenter-in agrenomics, and va- SURE CROP OF MELONS ers Nearly Fall, The Farm and Home. The secret.of raising melons in a dry time has been discovered by a Kansas farmer, who had an abund- ant crop last year, while the fields of his neighbers were d#ied up with drouth. holes as large as a barrell in the field and filled them nearly full of corn cobs. winter, and in the spring he shovel- ed back a foot of good goil and plant- ed the "melon seeds. The vines grew vigorously and produced abun- dantly. Frequent examination showed that the bed of corn cobs al- ways contained plenty of moisture, even when the surrounding soil was quite dry. y - Crickets Destroy Wheat. Six hundred acres of wheat have been destroyed by crickets in the ty, Washington, according to a re- port made by C. W. Creel, cereal and forest insect expert connected with the federal Department of Agricul ture. Millions of ingects have invad- ed the Wilson creek valley and tren- ches three miles long have been rancher, who has established a pat- rol of six men to 'destroy the insects, Gov. Lister has been asked for $10,- 000 to aid in the fight on the pest.. Bound To Come Back. Fogarty (a moderate drinker)-- I'll bet ye th' Rooshians are begin- nin' t' feel th' loss iv vodka. Flaherty (warmly)--Don't ye lose any slape over it. Mar-rk-me wur- rude, they'll retake it again' before long----Puck. & Meats. Kingston, July 17. Beel, local carcases, I sescenesnee Beef, hinds, 1b, .. Beef, cuts, 1b.... Beef, western, by carcase, 1b, ... Hogs, live, cwt. .. Hogs, dréssed, 1b. . Lamb, spring, by by carcase .... Mutton, 1b. .. ot Veal, by carcase,lb. 12 14 25 14 9175 14 14 'Fish. Bloaters, dos. .... Cod, steak, 1b. ... Bels, 1b. '...0 uu Haddock, fresh, 1b. Haddock, frozen, 1p Haltbut, fresh, 1b. Herring, fresh salt water, doz. Mackerel ..... Rock-fish, 1b. . Balin, Saguenay, Tro! | Whit fish. 1h. Poultry. Chickens, dressed 1b. ' Chickens, live, 1b. Ducks, Ib. «..ues Hens, dressed, Ib, Hens, live, 1b. ... Turkeys, 1b. .... Dairy Products. Balter. creamery b. ' Butter, . Butter, prints, 1b. roils Ib .. Cheese, old, 1b. .. Cheese, new, 1b. .. Eggs, fresh, doz. . Apricots, doz. .... Bananas, doz. .... Cherries, basket . Cucumbers, each . Pigg Ib. voove.is Lemons, Messina, BOB. .ousuaisan Peaches, doz. Plums, doz. ...... Nuts. mixed, 1b. .. Oranges, doz. .... .. | The Prices Paid For Produce On Kingston Market Celery, bunch ... Lettuce, bunch,dos, Onions, green, bunches, doz. . Potatoes, bush. .. Parsnips, bush. .., - Rhubarb, bunch .. Turnips, bag .... Grain, Barley, bush, ....$ Bran, ton . Buckwheat, bush. . Corn, yellow feed, bush. Corn, cracked cwt. Corn, meal, cwt. .. Flour, ewt.' Hay, baled, ton .. Hay, loose ...... Oats, local bush. © Oats, Man., bush.. Straw, baled, ton, . Straw, loose, ton . Wheat, bush, N\ Hides. Beef hides, cured, per ib. .... Beef, hides, green, 1b. . Heavy bulls, Ib. , .. Veals, green, Ib, . Deacons, each ............ Tallow rendered in cakes .... Kips or grassers, Ib. ........ Calf skins, per 1b. ......... Lamb and shearling, each .. 25¢ 17 00 20 NoEp Has ever been traced to Ha only Pasteurized Milk in Kingston is Pasteurized Milk. The | | whole soul. A Country View Of An Ambitious Country School Mistress, Farm Life. The 'best' teacher we ever had in our old district school had a distine- tly bad influence in the community. Born and raised in the country, she longed for the town with her She despised the rural life. only see distant objects. The girls feeling the impulse toward "wider horizon," drifted away to the towns and cities. s : of They escaped the "deadening mo- i! Some fared a little better, and some a great deal worse---but none of them became a Jenny Lind or a Florence Nightingale. The boys, too, were full of the grand unrest. They turned thelr backs scornfully on the old home- « in the neighborhood, | Sheep skins, each, up to .... $2.00 Horse hides, each, up to .... 3 50 mn, Wilson creek country of Grant coun- | T By way of supplementing the Pat- { lnable advice is given by him regard- and Production movement, | ing the possible increase of farm pro- | the Ontario Department of Agricul- | duce, ture has issued Bulletin 228, "Farm | influence of seed selection { | regular | for fodder) not |to now well known to many of our farm-| grains, 1 The previous fall he dug nos, the rotation eof creps, ete. The and of A. | hybridization in relation to the im- provement of both guality and the production of field crops, sometimes resulting in new popular varieties, is the quality as well -as the quantity of i stated in a' most ¢lear and interesting manner and is full of encouragement for those' who would like to éngage in such experiments. Valuable information is offered as best: combinations for mixed and the treatment of seed grain for smut. Considerable space These tests were conducted at the [fis also given to discussing alfalfa as Guelph, | a pasture and fodder crop, and to the under the direction of the author, | making of both annual and perman- the well-known cerealist and general | ent pastures. Prof. Zavitz urges that special at- OUT ON THE PRAIRIES - Kansas Farmer Prospers While Oth- | Sheep Herders Often Feel As If They Were Marooned. New York Telegram. Sheep herders in the Southwest of- ten find themselves ten miles from human habitation, right on the ex- pansive bosom of.an undulating wil- derness, in company with only Meri- When they: contemplate the meagerness of their seven-foot tent, at the right distance for the :nelons, | with its contents of one miniature cook stove, one child's sleeping cot | {and a limited seleetion of plain food | They' were left open through the | plowed on thé 6,000 acre farm of one | It | { | | stores as a set-off to the grand howl- ing lonesomeness of that skyline framed picture, they must needs be of the stoic school at least. Z Marooned! That word tersely expresses their feelings or the slitua- tion as they look about them and see the white top of the prairie schooner which has conveyed their modest camping outfit to the spot rapidly sinking hull dpwn on the distant ho- rizon, on its return to headquarters. After all, man is for the most part a socially inclined, greguslous ani mal, and even the gight of "his woolly companions, alive' and numferous as they are, scattered over about half a mile. of the fuplimited leagues of yeenary. doeg t afford the sheep erder muck fort. BUILDING A SILO. 3 Ek Should 3 ¥ "Firm Foundation a t Straight. The Farm Sud in There is'no '§ al. magic art about putting '4 sile mp Fight. What- | ever king yot h fit on a firm foundatiofl and fC up straight. If it is a type that may. be blown over brace it with guy wires until it is filled, Build it round and make it smooth on the inside. If it is built of masonry, paint the inside with one or two coats of a mixture of pure ce- ment and water: Same people coat | the inside of a wooden silo with coal tar, These measures prevent the excessive loss of moisture by evapor- ation. Silage that is too dry fire- fangs and spoils. . Silage with big air spaces in it will have decay for a foot or so surrounding those spaces. To avoid the formation of alr poc- kets the inside of the silo must be smooth. To Pick Out The Good Layer. In the current issue of "Farm and Fteside," the national farm paper published at Sjwingfield, Ohio, ap- pears a very interesting discussion of | the egg-laying strain is by the use of the trap-nest. Others claim that the best method of selection is by the appearances of hens. Ont of the contributors to this practical and suggestive discussion tells as follows | how to pick out a good egg-laying hen: -ee "Practically all 200-egg hens are very long-bodied birds, and this point should be remembered. "Select the bird which has length and depth of body, large red combs, bright eye and erect carriage, which is first to the feeding trough and last to the nest. "To'indicate the worth of the above method the writer on this plan once selected 77 breeders from 130 birds. The first 28 birds were selected chiefly for color. The oth- er 49 were selected chiefly for the desire to work and move about, gen- eral healff and strength, modezate size and length of body. : "The 77 selected hens were separ- ated from the others, and the first day outlaid the culls by 63 percent. They kept the speed up day after day until, the weifer héédme satisfied that the selected birds were really better layers, and that this method tention be given to raising seed for field roots in Ontario, as most of such seed up to the present time has been imported; from European countries now at war. The writer of this bulletin gives four very practical rules for produc- ing satisfactory field crops: Raise only such crops as are likely to meet the demand. ' been tested for vitality. Give the land early and thorough cultivation. Sow: all crops at the proper time and according to right methods. This bulletin may be procured free of charge by applying to the On- tario Department of Agriculture. To- ronto,. A AA ee ee ar. SHEPHERDS NOT WEAKLINGS They Are Fearless Men Who Face the Wind and Storm. Christian Herald: _ ! never saw or heard of a weak or sickly shepherd, One of the oldest occupations in the world, it has ne- ver lacked strong, sturdy, fearless pmen, who face the wind and_§torm aud cold, the dangers of robbers by night and the ravages of wild beasts at all seasons of the year. I have watched a shepherd guarding his flock at night, dressed in his heavy sheepskin coat, never lying down, but leaning on the heavy staff he carried in his hand. He did not sleep, because at intervals of a minu- te or less he would raise his head and give a peculiar reassuring call to the flock under his care and his faithful dog at his feet. No animal could possibly be more helpless than a sheep, The _shep- herd leadeth, restoreth, guideth the helpless, silly creatures, who can do absolutely nothing for itself. Men have trained dogs, goats, horses, but no one ever saw a sheep perform the simplest tricks. When attacked by a dog or wild animal the sheep stands chilled by fear while the fleece is torn from his back and the bleeding flesh from his bones. Cherry And Pear Tree Slug. I" Whether or not the cherry trees bear a crop this year, they should be protected against the loss of foliage from the attacks of the pear and cherry tree slug. When the cherries are very small, the trees may be sprayed with arsenate of lead in the proportion of one pound of the paste to each 30 gallons of water. Instead of using the arsenate of leatl;~ after the cherries are half grown or more, use either whitd h@ll8boré fn the pro- portion of one ounce to three gallons of water, or "Black Leaf 40" in the proportion of one part to 900 parts of water, and make a spraying for the purpose of covering the upper surfaces of the leaves. The "Black Leaf 40" will kill the slugs with which is comes in contact, while the hetlebore will kill all slugs that eat it for several days after the ap plication is made. The advantage of using the hellebore or "Black Leaf 40" after 'the fruit is well grown is that they do not endanger the people who eat the cherries after they are ripe. If one has only a few small cherry trees, the slugs may be quite easily removed by thoroughly dusting the foliage in the heat of the day with air-slacked lime or fine road dust. Substituting Milk For Calves. Where the milk is sold directly off the farm, or even where the eream is sold, it. is a problem to raise the calves. In top many cases there are not enough calves being raised and in consequence the average dairy cow in Ontario does not give nearly enough milk. If more calves were raised there would, of course, be more cows to choose the breeding stock from. Since the use of oil cake meal, flaxseed and other feeds rich in pro- tein and fat are becoming more pop- ular, they are being used by 'dairy- men to substitute skim milk. The calves are gradually weaned off the milk when less than a month old. Their drink is thickéned with oil-cake meal and given while warm. Clover hay is also cautiously fed. As the meal, when manifactured accord- ing to the old process, contains about 30 per cent. protein and 7 per cent. fat, when it is fed with clover- hay. bran and chop, it makes a good sub- was 0. K. an A " stitute for milk, Select good plump seed which bas thorough ==