AO pr I i ------ PAGE SIX {EEN THE WEEKLY BRITISH WHIG SATURDAY, JULY 24 1915. ~ 2 Russian Warriors Respect Women | Who Serve In The Gzar's Army Men Take It As a Matter of Course That They ' 8hould Fight-- Instances of Splendid Gallantry of Women in Hard-fought Battles WATERLOO M ONUMENT T URNED INTO GERMAN BULLE FULL OF EXCITEMENT Difficult Night Attacks a Feature of the Conflict -- "'Tommies' Know When One is Coming by the Use of the 'Death Watch.' Among British wounded soldiers the compass is often known as the Death: Watch. And for véry good reason. Says Jock, "When you see the officer squinting along the sights of his com- pass all the afternoon, marking the di- rection of churches and mills, it means a night attack sure, and that some of you will never take tea in the trenches again." In night attacks at close quar. ters the compass is the only sure guide. Most night attacks are deliver ed In oblique lines, and when four or | ive regiments, covering maybe a mile of front, are on the move, there is a chance of a dreadful mix-up, | FOUR BRITISH MEDALS | There are four military decorations : to be won in the war. The greatest About five hundred women are fight- she. was seriously injurei and was, a r . ing as regular sojdiers of the Crar. [brought to a hospital which she her. ! a a oe 'They have to enlist nominally as men, | s61f had established and endowed. Bue TR EE Dy A a ah oY 3 Ay " y » It was winked »* by the { recovered and as soon as she was al- 1, ow in scroll "for Valor. Dit Tele Yioasuea 1g ws and 'many of | lowed to A hear i instituted by Queen Victoria In 1856 : | s 8 n b - them have been decorated with fm.| Wound was and is open to Officers and men alik2. \lan: the og. she Jusied grees with the care It is cast from Russian cannon cap 'portant honors for gallaniry oa lo the other wounded. + fleld of battle. | tured at Sebastcpo!, and its material It is éxpected thot he will be us | yalue is estimated at nine Senty, uit | 18 eturn to the, front soon, as sp it Tonk is "the The treatment of these notable wo. { iis oe Persons who have inter hase wha he srs, Until the pre- men warriors by the Russian common | Jo ," say that war has mot! ne Lop sea' o) ccos had been soldiers well illustrates some peculiar-| oo ened her in the least, and that given--111 for the Crimea war, 182 ities of the Russian Setuper ment, | she has retained her fine, womanly | gon 0 Indian mutiny, 78 for the Boer The Russian mujik, or passant, ls % | character throughout. war and the rest among 37 other wars. an intensely religicus Ba one oh. | Girl Won Man's Decoration The Distinguished Service Orde Wnorant, but dreamy an surer-| The duties of a fleld nurse, or Sis- was instituted by Queen Sictona Jn stil . ns % Ro living in small | ter of Mercy, do not satisfy the crav- 1886, it _ purpose g vie Rg "reid . ot 1 women are held in | Ing of the Russian woman to assist {n | hition of special services o Sony: oS nianitios ig anywhere else in| the grat struggle. In the political sloned officers in the army ang oa ye os . a ot a husband dies, the | disorders of the last thirty years eke order Sonu ol Reg OE or kes his place in the village | men have done at least half the work. | bear the Jette dig Fin ios yas 1 in the | Kira Baskiroff was a pupil in a girls' |names. The badge 5 a 8 : Ssuncl dad Riva ful give college when the war started. She enamelled white, one side bearing an - i measure of oN y rreatt local governm nt I 2 a come down | cut off her tresses and en'isted as a |beraldic crownsurrounded by a wreath from antiquity. : As a resu't, the Rus. A rite CRANK INVENTORS BUSY | erp Yould-be inventors of new devices Bj ¥ipe out whole armies at a stroke, powerful dreadnoughts, reduce leppelins to powdered form; guns will carry great' distances, fade- howitzers, etc, are haunting the @ of London patent agents day ght. The war has caused in: 3 Ingenuity to run riot Here 1w inventions from the clever piof engineers and others: dvsun that will bag a Ze 5 height, fier. iithat ean fire a projectile miles Be range of the biggest guns il by Germany, fies that ostry all kinds of chemicals that put soldiers itdeath sleep if they take a| sniff. Gp jpvexior Yih long hair and | Tricks In All Trades green ® would like to. finance a The orders may read: At a given COmPAnyR kh make a projectile that signal, leave a and pH at carries @m of snuff. On explosion { angle of 25 degree north of cast. The regimest@an thrown into volont its | officer sights his compass on some ne In aken priscners be. | prominent object, gives instructions to JA a Perforated | his men to advance right or left of ft, Al v a ppelin with an ingenious Po iF beyo into th and starts. Agiall officers have given * "terview. with the General, {slap soldier in the trenches does not | Joke about a 'woman fighter who had | pens to be jn his division, He does | not see in it a subject for fest. It is for him quite a matter of course. | Still less is he inclined to offer her 'any indignity. This woman who is ex posing herself to shell and bullet and poison gas for the glory of the Rus- silanes he treats with the highest res- pect. Indeed, as the woman who has donned soldiers' uniforms is of a much higher order of intelligence than the common soldier, the lattor looks up to her and jn an emergency follows her leadership unhesitatingly, Sacrificed Her All Numerous inc!dents reported from the front bear out these statements. A case that is attracting much atten tion is that of Mme. Kokovtzoff, a wo- man of corstderable wealth. "Shs drat spent, all her fortune in hospital work for wounded soldlers. Findng her usefulness along this line at an end, o8he a to a General in the city of Batum permission to enlist as a volunteer in the forces he was raising. "No, that would be impossible," re. plied the "30 soldier could be taken with air, In the first 06." 5 | 'me, Kpkovtzoff indeed had beauti- ful masses of dark hair, and every (Russian soldier must wear his hair, 'closely clipped. The following day Mce again sought an in: As she gntered the room he sprang from his seal} and uttered an exclamation of astonishment, Mme. Kokovtzoff's fine 'locks were gone. The Genera! capit- ulated and the woman was alldwed to enlist. { She engaged in many battles and Took » pert in such a way that she "roused the courage of the soldiers to high of valor and encouraged them to many deed; of heroism. Then Bn Cadorna and Caesar aced Same Problems volunteer in one of the infantry regi | of laurels. It is worn by 2 red ribbon ments of 'Grand Duke Nicholas. She took part | a series of daring recon- noitering expeditions and aroused the enthusiasm of the soldiers of her reg'- ment, but the activity of this li'e dd not satisfy her. So she enlisted un- der the name of Nicolas Popoff in one of the regiments of Siberian sharp- shooters which bore the brunt of the great battle of Lodz. Again the per- formed deeds of valor, and her com- pany unanimously petitioned that Ne receive the Cross of St. George. 1hia badge of courage. She had concea'ed her sex in this command, but shortly after receiving the Lross her seeret was discovered. She was then sent home. 'By a special order of the Czar she ig permitted to retain her distinc. tion," which is usually given only to, men. Two other women, Mile. Kras- silnikoff and Mme. Samsonoff, have also had the Cross of St. George pin- ned on theif uniforms. One might also mention Ogla Jeh!- weiser, who proved to be of special value to*the Russian forces. She is a Lithuanian woman and ' served as a soldier in the war against the Japan. ese, taking part in several engage- tents, ' 'At the beginning of the great war she again put herself at the disposal of General Rennenkampt, under whom she had fought in Manchuria. 'She was brought up. in the vicin'ty of Grodno and has special knowiedge of the roads, forests and swamps of th's difficult country. She led the Russian detachments on several raids which brought highly gratifying results. When the history of this great war comes to be written, the work of these daring Muscovite women will not be forgotten. These womien are not wo. man suffrage workers or "feminists," in the sense meant by Western Eur ope. But their deeds cannot help hav. lng an effect on the place of woman in the Russian Em ' A pire. Cagsar, having pacified a republic into a : that his country until the mountains pinsula had béen | gi n authority. Jain of Lombardy, and 'enetia, was impossibie there remained upon the te WH warlike tribes ij n " v large army should be maintained along the frontier of Gaul. It was {his situation that prompted Augustus to fo attempt the conquest of Germany, then sed, For a few years he-suc- | that, ceeded. Then came Hermann over Varus at the Teuto- burger Wald in A.D. 9, which result-d fn the Roman frontler between the Rhine and the Elbe being broken, and the old frontier restored. the victory of tion was settled when Rome occupied te tiene angle of Beaath western ny, the artnet 'Baden, pe and Western Bavaria, thi rounding off the frontier ip. a 'satis factory manner. Along this border a great' Roman wall was erected, which served the purpose almost as well as Fangs ut mountat In t bos, Gorn archos a eon ; the barbarians until = Roman Eo fie i : Ee ; EEEgEsE il il BREESE ht edged blu. The Military Cross is of silver. It fs 15 inches square, and the bar is 13% inches wide. The ribbon is 1% Inches wide by 1% inches h'gh, of | three equal stripes, the centre dark purple and the others white. From the top of the ribbon to the bottom of the cross is 3 11-16 inches. The cross bears in the centre the letters G.R.1, and on each arm of the cross is the Impertal Crown. The Koyal Warrant says: "No person shall be eligible for this decoration unless he {1s a captain, a commissioned 'officer fot a lower grade, or warrant offic:r {in the British army or Indian or ' colontal military force, and the cross shall be awarded ouly to officers of the above ranks on the recommen- dation of the secretary of stite for war. Foreign officers of an equiva'ent rank to those mentioned above, who have been 'assoc'ated in m litary operations with the British, Indian or Colonial forces shall be .el'gible for the honorary award of the cross. The" Military Cross "hall not confer any individual' precedence, and shall not entitle the recipient to any addition after his name as part of his descrip tion or title." | The Distinguished Conduct Medal Iwas very extensively awarded after {the South African war. It is a decor {ation designed for warrant and non | commissionyd. officers and men. DIDN'T NEED A LEG Disabled French Piano Teacher Was Not Downhearted | -- ' A French deputy 7ho 's serving as captain of artillery tells in a letter a 8 story {illustrating the vy! French soldiers. Dur a attack a shell exploded the advancing line of French and k off the left leg of one of the sol- diers. When an ambulance attendant 1 = up to the wounded man the latter shouted to hi: "Hurry up and. look for my leg; it is lying over there. Maybe 1 can have use for it yet." After the soldier had been brought to the hospital the general command. ing, who had heard of the incident, went to see the soldier and complii- mented him on™his courage. you very much, my General," the wounded &r responded. "I have yet one leg for the. wervice of my country, and 1 can even afford to los: . too," ) "But, my dear man"-- "Oh, I know what you are ong to my the soldier nterrupled "but really my. Are not so my profession, in because I am a piano instructor and my hands are years later the frontier ques- | enough h for me to get along with." Herole French Girl . of the firing hair shart and form line. She cut her otherwise tne ised herself, and she cried when the milita; ied bitterly ry au 'sent her back to She sald that her brother ji i i shi 5 g 4 Fiche » Lr if oH g is as The famous artificial hill which brought to the Belgians th now reported to have becn over German occupyers of Belgium fo erected it, " wa topped with the "Lion Monument" memory of 'the wictory over Napdleon won on the efr sovereignity. thrown and' cast into hulle r use against the British natiisiich field The el of mon ho Brave Albanian Leader i Now Helps The Serl ins Half-wild "Rob Roy of the Bal. kans" Was Man Who Told Ab. dul Hamid That He was Depos- ed--Is Absolutely Fearless. The Rob Roy of Albania, Essad Pasha, is allied with the Serbians in their invasion , of their neighbor to the South, and the turn aflairs is par- ticularly to the relish of the Italian au- thorities. Essad a great follow- ing, and if the A nians ever com- pose their differences, religious and political, he will undoubtedly be their choice for king. Essad Pasha is su- perior to the average run of Albanian chieftains. He comes of an old Moslem family, the Toptaml, whose seat is at Tirana. This is probably the richest and most powerful ¢lan-in the country. Essad could summon 500 faithful re- tainers in a day from among his own personal followers. | Essad Pasha was educated for 'the Turkish Army, and ht bravely in the war between (reece and Turkey In 1897. His reputation as a first class fighting man reached the ears of Abdul Hamid, who made his brother, Ghani Bey, his aide-camp. "here came a dis- bute between the Sultan and Ghani Bey, and the latter was shot bythe Sultan's order. Essad went to Con- stantinople blazing with anger, and the man who shot Ghané Bey was himself slashed to death in broad daylight on the Galata bridge. A card pinned on his body bore the words, "Done by Essad Toptani." In spite of this flagrant defiance of his authority, the was afraid to ta ckle the wild, hawk-nosed Albanian chief, or per- haps he admired him. Abdul sent him back to Yanina to Sommant tie lot gedarmerie, and gave him rank Brigadier-General. fm the Sultan. Essad ro committee, and slowly plied: "I will go" head to foot the Sultan er of Ghani Bey, who deposition. His wa Young Turks continue incident. He figured scenes In the last Ch had to be dragged awa ing the Speaker. Then he returned tg he declared his se Young Turks. But on the Balkan War in ious that Albania sh 0 by the Powers, and tari with a relief col Governor, and gallani many weeks%against At last he made las, under which he out with 24,000 men the honors of war. tions was that Kin nized Essad as an ff of Albania, and Ess; ed at Tirana in 2p Powers, however, him and seleeted Wied. For a tim ed as War Minis Mpret, but it peace, and Essad He was for the tin escaped on an Ital disi. After the f Mpret Essad = ref] Durazzo with 10, the Albanian Sep dent of the Alb Commiander-ig-Chi forces. Amid shouts ¢ sad-" | FE T! bre the a ly re- from tbroth- ed his th the jot this with bullet nd still navigate Mines off al shapes Wnd sizes, guaranteed %o annihilate whole cities and make alfiet of battleships food material for it scrap heap. LOST AVE RIFLES German Bullet Went, Down Muzzle of Londoniteidier's Gun While home o leave, Cecil Bourke, of the London R! Brigade, gave the following account ot doings in the vi cinity of Ypres: {For my own part I was lucky. My! coat was riddled with holes by thelgazing of bullets, and I was buried for half an hour by the collapse of a. traverse of our trenches, before mg rescued by Bergt, (now 'Second Lieut Wimbe and Lance-Corporal Pace. Op another occasion, the men immediately on my right and left were shot down, and while I was speaking to one of our most popular officers, Lisut. Pric., who Joined us from Canada, he was shot through the head. 1 have had five rifles smaghed by bullets, a German bullet once going right down the muz- zle of one, whilst two of my rifies were cut clean in two. "At one stage a Bap was left in our lines which we were called upon to fill, and for nine days and nights we beld our position. After six days' rest We were again up in the firlog line at Ypres. On our left and right a tem- porary tactical retreat took were in the centre, and o Sergeants said: forcements had engagements. As you cam take it from splendid soldiers. The Saxons and Bavarians, however, do not seem an thing like so keen on fighting aginst us as do the Prussians" ------ Bees Fought British In the bush fighting in Fast Africa the Germans ana their black troops es © es, partially stupe. fled by smoke, under lids on each sido of narrow. tracks along which our must advance. Wires or cords the lids when touched by the troops, and swarms of in recovered from thefr T, were let loose on The failure of the at: points is said to have "8 much to this onslaught people" as to the German and machine guns, many men 80 horribly stung on the face 88 to be temporarily blinded rendered incapable of holding thelr weapons. Over 100 stings are said to ve been éxtracted from " {men of the Loyal North Lancash i ---- Short sig' t fs very rare in savages. Newfoundland is the oldest British t | colony. Reosry bd Assassins were first heard of in Persia about 1090. i x place. We ne of our 'Retreat be ------1' |" We stood our ground, and after rein- come up we won the the Germans, me, they are | similar {nstructicns it fs wonderful {how many thousands ray advance | parallel, yet invisible. "Our regiment | did not know that the gext was in the game at all until they came out of the | darkness, yolling. like blazes, just on our left ten paces." Many a night at- | tack, sued by bump of location only, | has come to grief. one regiment firing on its 'friends by mistake or even | charging them. In Belgium and North- ern France, where every detail of military importance is carefully map- | ped, the compass is less used for long | distance work than in other wars, The greatest mistake in using the compass | in peace or in war is to sight on too | near objects. Given a fairly distinc | tive and lofty point the officer and his men keep true direction, though the hill may only occasionally | come into view. More important stiil Is the checklug off of progress, A | man trailing a few yards In the rear | will help to pivot "the company back | t° the true line by looking backward as often "as forward. In absolutely shell-cleared country one must careful- ly fix'a line ofsroute, and trust to the bump of location, dangerous though such may be. 'There is a temptation to change direction when the British searchlight picks out the glinting rifle barrels of the enemy. But the officer has his compass direction to remem- ber, and to appreciate that the slight- est change in his front will glve the enemy opportunity, through the gap left in the living wall, to press home a successful counter-attack, Kowledge Wins . Without the compass night tactics on a large scale would be so risky that né sane general. would consider for a moment their use. Thus it is that a careful study of the compass in action is important both to officer and | soldier of the line, and really the ele- | ments are simplicity. Trusting to his men, General French in his headquar- [ters far away plans a night attack, {and directs it as easily as one started | by day. 'And, by the way, the compass comes in imperative in day work, for | most of our battles begin at dawn, apd | troops are continually changing ground | through the hours of darkness. The {officer who has true command of the {compass and map of the ground will never get into trouble for impeding the progress of his neighboring bri gade which is taking up position by an easy road to the left, while his own command is struggling through woods and across ploughs and pastures. Dusky Kings Loyal to France King Talmalva IV.) who reigns over D subjects in the island of Rimatara, tthe Tubual. group in the Pacific n, and King Tournaril V. who "Ms sway over 750 growers of sugar ft yams, and cocoanut trees in Btu, of the same group, sent a ation of their loyalty, to the gh Government, under the pro- gm of which, they add, they are ha Eto dwell. : (i