A A ASS cbs see x ar" uo » PAGE TWEL EE ------ A A Ue agp. Bit SR m---- 8 x PAGE o NEWS * PAWNSHOPS SEE SADDEST SIDE OF WAR'S EFFECTS 'athos and Comedy Rank Sidé by Side Nowadays in the Daily Work of English ** The war has brought the English pawnbroker a new class of clients. From time immemorial "Uncle" has been "the recipient of little family secrets. Tragediec, comedies, farces | ding rings. | way of" a test, I have refused the ar Uncles"--Women Clients Predominate Since War Pinches one out of her separation allowance against his return. » "Women who are hard up will pawn almost everything except their wed- Several times, just by and dramas in miniature have daily | ticle offered in pledge by a soldier's been unfolded before his gaze to such an extent that he has become oblivious to human emotions. has never seen before crowd timidly through the narrow doorway, which is always located up a screenin, pas- sage. Instead of demanding a definite sum for an article offered in pl.dge, the new customer nervously asks, How kuch will you lend me on *his?" That phrase identifies the amateur in pawnshop lore. Women clients predominate. The husband has gone to the war. Behind him he has left a lot of seemingly useless®things. The woman at home needs money, and the War Office pay- ments are not always punctual, But she cannot bring herself to part with puor Tom's property outright, so she strikes the middle course, and pawns it. In "uncle's" keeping it is quite safe, and the interest only works out at two cents per month on every dol- lar advanced. "This is the sort of thing we get In pan now," said an avuncular relative carrying oa a big business. "This" was the bottom half of the off foreleg of a famous race horse, stuffed, and forming a useful article to prop open a door, or tap a burglar over the head with. "I lent a dollar on that to a soldier's wife," said "uncle," "though what earthly use it is to me 1 don't know. "One of my most regular customers, before the war broke out," he went on, "was a fine, strapping young fel low, not long mar:ied. 1 don't know what business he followed, but I do kisow that money burned holes in his pockets. A dress suit, a typewriter, pictures, a watch, and some rings were only a few of the articles he pawned here, and on one occasion he made a serious attempt to pawn his fox ter- rier dog!" At length he had quite fifty articles in pawn, and used to be here several times a week. Then he joined the army, and now the young wife is redeeming the things one by But now faces he | diers' suits galore. | thinking he might want | days later she came to re-pledge ft. { wife, and have offered a loan on the | wedding ring. Not one has yet ac- cepted my offer. But I've had sol- One woman had news that her husband was coming home on leave unexpectedly. She rushed here to get his best suit out, it. A few 'He'll never want it again,' she said sadly, 'he's been killed. Had the news from the War Office yesterday.' " The Lighter Side "And I am brought into contact with scores of such haunting little tragedies as this. Yet I have to keep my eyes open, in case | am done brown. Weep- ing widows (?) bring me alleged Crim- ean or South African medals which have been won by brave husbands-- who are waiting around the corner with an unquenchable thirst. One man tried to pawn a picture which he had looted from a church in Louvain. Un- fortunately for the imaginative return- ed warrior, the chap who painted the picture was well known to me, and only lived a few streets away. "Scores of watches, rings, pins. and so forth, taken from famous (or in- famous) German officers come my way; but I'd wager my stock to an orange that the nearest these articles have been to the firing line is East London. "I had a jolly nice young fellow in here a few weeks ago. On his joining the forces the employes of his firm had presented him with an illuminated address and a valuable gold watch. He brought -both here, and explained that, as he had not a relative in the world, he wanted to pledge them until he came back. The address was no use to me, but I lent him $50 on the watch. Poor fellow! He'll never want it again. Shot dead while doing his duty. And---well, somehow, I think I'll keep that watch, and when the year is up wear it myself in honor of a brave man!" Heroes of Each County Gained Waterloo Alone ll ~~ Quaint Modern Legend Believed in England and Australia-- Napoleon Saw All Was Over When Devonshireman Charged. ~ me : "Well, Adams, here you are again!" remarked. General Sir Neville Lyttle- ton, 'Governor of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea. to Private William Adams, aged 93, at the inspection of the in- pensioners some weeks back. Chel sea's own "Bill Ada.as" is a Londoner, on this occasion he was wearing the Gwalior Star, a decoration he won far back as 1842. The original Adams" who Is always credited with telling a marvellous story of how "he" himself won the Battle 0° Water- 100, has generally been believed to be : & mythical person after the stamp of the famous' "Mis. Harris." But Aus tralia maintains that "Bill" was.'t a ure and prowess. Seeing the fight would be lost if something special wasn't done, this man got together three score Dévon soldiers whom he knew, and off direct and in full charge for Napoleon and his staff. "Nap" saw the Devonians coming, and recognizing the famous soldier in front of them, declared despairingly: "All is. lost!" On which "Bony" and his staff there. and then turned tail and dashed off the field! . ITALY'S EYE-WITNESS _ D'Annunzio is a Great Poet--Enjoys a Life of Luxury Senor Gabrielle D'Annunszio, Italy's celebrated writer, "the present day Dante," as he has been called, has recently been appointed the official "Eye-Witness" with MEN AT WORK MAKING BOMBS IN THE-TERRITORY 000600 00000000000000000000000000 Old jam tins and other similar receptacles are used in making bombs whilst, among other things, fragments of Turkish shells and enemy barbed wire are cut up and usedggs filling. III 0000000000000 000000000000 00000000 606 POOP ITIITT Modern German Tyranny is the Worst Unhappy Poland Has 000000 00000000000000 POPPIN NNe Ever Known y P9909 000000000000 °*0e Wars have devastated Poland even more terribly than Belgium, so par as the past is concerned. The present tragedy is deepened by the fact that the 5,000,000 Poles -in Austria and the 3,000,000 in Prussia are compelled to fight, against their 12,000,000 kins- men in Russia. Mr. Hill, an English author, tells again the story of the partition of Poland, how "Freedom shrieked when Kosciusko fell," and how each section of the severed na- tion views Russia's recent offer of free- dom fin faith, in language, and in self- government to a re-united Poland un- der the Czar. Mr. Hill at least indi- cates that the Czar"s project .. favor- ed by the Poles in general, and that no one would more deeply regret the spread of German power than the Poles who have been living under Ger man rule. Mr. Hill spent the year preceding the war in studying conditions in all parts of Poland, and he found pros perity everywhere. Alike under the German, Austria and Russian Jovern- ments the people were busy it fac- and farms. As for the Polish troubles in Russia, Mr. Hill says they were all due to attempts at Ruszifica- tion. The Poles only became more, in- tensely Polish under the Czar's co- ercive i ing on the \ es. POPPI IIe P0900 OVIT use lof the Russiar language' in the schools, the Government had driven al- most all the children into private schools. The author shows that there is a Russian as well as a Polish side to this controversy, and sees some reason % hope that the present war will bring mutual concessions and a final adjustment. To Bismarck's Steam Roller In Germany the case is worse. All Poles, says Mr. Hill, consider Ger- many their greatest emery. The Kaiser's Government has made the same mistakes as Russia, but las en- forced them more brutally and added fresh ones. Until 1871 -the Poles in Germany were free to live their own life and speak their own languag. Bismarck created a steam roller to crush out Polish individuality, chang: ed the name) of their towns and streets, began a campaign against their language, and started a policy of petty oppressicns that has grown worse with the ears. The Poles are Catholies, and they feel it to be an intolerable tyranny. for their children to be forced at school to pray in the German lan- guage, which they regard as a Protes- tant language. Insistence on this has caused endless trouble. One case, where a child was flogged by the hoolmaster for refusing to pray in P0990 OONT German, caused such widespread ex- citement that 100,000 school children went out on strike. The repressive measures that followed made matters worse. Recent Tyranny Worst Apother cause of Polish hatred of Gefiman rule is the law forbidding a Pole to build a house on his own iand. Under an act of 1908 the Poles of Posen and other Polish provinces see their own tax moncy used to promote the forcible expulsion of their fellow- countrymen from their ancestral soil, and the colonizing of it with people of a strange speech and different faith. This injustice is part of a determined plan to Germanize the Polish provin- ces. 2 . According to or. Hill Poland" fell through internal dissensions and for- eign aggressions. He notes thal re. ligious and racial intolerance has been the curse of Poland, and remarks that it is still too large an element in Polish patriotism. The partition of the coun- try began with Austrian ssion in 1772 and ended in 1795, Jrussia seized all it could get and Russia took the rest. Yet to-day, M-. Hill thinks, the Poles again sing with some hope the unforgotten song that sprang out of those dark cays: It is not yet all over with Poland, Not so long as we live! By JEWS IN HIGH PLACES Play Leading Roles in War--Many Also In All Armies Israel Zangwill, historian of the Jew- I "HUN MISSIONARIES Too Littie Bible and Too Much Kultur Made Trouble Lord Hardinge and his advisers In In the cemetery of Fremantle, West "Victor's ish race, estimates that no fewer than the Government of India, after long ten millions are exgaged in the war. hesitation, decided to intern German Only three and a. half millions Jews, Missionaries in-that country. 'The ac- he declares, have escaped the war. UVity of German religious bodies dur- Australia, can be seen even now a grave whose stone records that "Here lies Bill Adams, who fought at Water. 100." Moreover, at Fremantle, also, is a Customs officer, known likewise as Bill "Adams, the grandson 6f him already mentioned there, who relates . how 'his grandfather really took part in the great battle, then emigrated to Australia, and was buried at Fre- mantle. Doutbless ft was his 1ecital of the fight, added to consciously or i lously by jocular Australi time after ime, which finally became the I fon for the celebrated "Bill Adams" fable know far and wide to ~ But, with merely a change of name, more than one place has its own tale of how a local hero was the man who won Waterloo. Yorkshire's re- |! marvellous perf. . of York, at the Jattle of Dettingen was gradually developed until it got without Napoleon would have triu Northumberland even goes one bet- As plain as a wondrous mphed. i EE i 2 is £ g § id i g * Tf i troops. Long before Italy decided for war, D'Annupgio had worked feverish- ly to inspire his countrymen with a|R patriotism as fervid as his own. When war was declared, he said, "The cries of the multitude fll thie most beautiful | *od skies in the heavens. | am mad with joy. The world will see an Italian miracle." There are 350,000 Jaws fighting L_ the HY ,000 under thy tris 3 170,000 fightin © for Austria; 50,00C in the German army; 20,000 fighting under the British flag. Eyeéry where the Jew is loyal The poet was born at Péscara, in the | OPPression and Abruzzi, the son of the, Duchess Maria Gallese of Rome. At fourteen he be- gan-his scholastic education in earnest at the College of Prato, Tuscany, tial dinner at seven o'clock in the evening, and then, an hour later, he will settle down tc write at his desk, working steadily--he is a quick writer --until nine o'clock the Then, after coffee Lisi i 2 i: gif if service and celebrate the same hholy days as the majority of the Czar's 'great Polish army ' ; ga Under which flag in this war are mighty smong the .ews? Under The head of 'the British Hospital Fund Committee vas Lord Rothschild, ing. recent years, in which they have sent Christian missionaries to many corners of the world, has been more -or less mixed up with the Pan-German policy. The midisters of German ori- gin who have been carrying, the Bible to the little brown brother and the big' black brother have, according to travellers, been extolling the benefits of "Kultur" and covery denouncing AAA the Anglo-Saxon whenever they got an opportunity. In India their efforts to stir up political mischief since the war began grew so important that the Gov- ernment found it necessary to intern the whole mass of them. It is credit able to the Christian sentiments of the English clergy in India that they steadily opyos C such a measure until the arrogance of the German. mission aries and their lack of ap, 'ation of the fact that they enjoyed the pro tection" of the British flag, made the latter quite insufferable to the authori ties. The. Emperor of Germang.ls ber of the Evangelical Protestant Church of y. Ladies give the military salute to wounded soldiers in Paris. a4-mem- No i a -- 1 THE TWO CLASSES GR 55 Aristocrat) a : "We understand cach other & | ARMY'S NEW COOKS | One thousand five hundred soldiers are always learning cooking at tne London County Council schools. They are divided into bodies of 100, each man having to live on the War Office allowance of 43 cents a day, a feature of the training being that if they can- not eat the meals they prepare they | must go without. The training is based | on cookery books issued by the War | Office, which show how one can' make | a dinner out of next to nothing. The military culinary manual tells how | mushrooms and marigold flowers, of- ten found growing wild, give an ex- cellent flavor to stew or soup, while nettles and sweet docks are cxcellent | vegetahles in the spring. Stew for| about five minutes and serve--a good | substitute for othe. vegetables in soup. The young le_f of the mangel-wurzel is alyp excellent, and the War Office | declares that wild sorvel, added to pea soup, makes a pleasing change. The men are not only taught many econ-| omy tricks, but how to cook rapidly | and eagily. They are shown when in| a hurry how cooking can be done in mess ting so arranged that half a dozen or 80 can be simultanecusly heated by a wood fire. Eight or ten | men in each company are taught how | to cut up meat and make field kit| chens, the latter being quite elaborate | contrivances, when the camp is per | manent. There tre various styles of | cookery trenches, the best known be- | ing the Aldershot gridiron kitchen, | which is dug deep into the ground and comprises nine trenches 12 feet long. ! KULTUR VS. CULTURE | Galvanizer vs. Liberator--Two Ideas | in Strong Contrast less as "German culture," than aa "German civilization." "Kultur" has a very different mecning from our un-| derstanding of "culture." The follow- | ing definition is given by Mr. Frank | Jewett Mather, Jr, who has written | somewhat extensively on this and kin- i dred aspects of war discussion: "Kul-| a nation in the broadest sense--its suc- cessful achievement in civil and mili- tary administration, industry, com-| merce, finance, and in a quite second- ary way in scholarship, letters, and | art. Kultur applies to a nation as 3 | whole, implying government to which | the {vidual is strictly subordinated. T Kultur is an attribute-not of in-| dividuals--whose particular interests, | on the contrary, must often be sacri-| ficed to it--but of nations. i "Culture, for which the nearest Ger- | man equivalent is 'Bildung,' is-the op- | posite of all this. It is an attribute | not of nations as a whole, but of _ac- complished individuals. It acqu national import only through the ap- proval and admiration of these in-! dividuals by the rest, who share but! slightly in the culture they applaud. The aim of culture is the enlightened and ' humane individual conversant with the best values of the past and sensitive to the best values of the! present. "The open-mindedness snd imagin-| ation implied in culture are potentially destructive to a highly organized Kil-| tar. A cultured leader is generally | too much aliveto the point of view! of his Fival to be a whelly convinced | partisan. Hence, he lacks the inten-! sity, drive, and narrowness that make for competitive success." Hence, na- "German Kultur" is to be translated | PLUCKY TOMMY ATKINS ~ PRINGE OF HUMORISTS Has Joke For Parson and Officer in most Trying Moments--Jack Tar His Only Rival--Many a Laugh Saves the Situation. "Gentlemen, here's Tommy Atkins and Jack Tar! Champion fighters, champion grousers, and champion humorists! God bless 'em!" A gdod toast that, and true. For it doesn't matter where Tommy Atkins i5, Lis irrepressible humor, like his indowmit able courage, is always there Aud he's as incorrigible in the hour of Lis dying as when his body pulses with vigorous life. Said the chaplain to a Tommy, whose shattered body had been brought to the base hosplial: "i think 1 ought to tell you that your hours on earth fre numbered." Tom- my, his grey face drawn with pain, looked at him. "When do 1 go out?" he asked. "Two o'clock," sai. the chaplain gently, with a glance at tue ward clock. A nurse passed the bed. and Tommy beckoned her. "You're boss 'ere, ain't you, nuts? She nod- ded. "Well," said Tommy, with a grin, "Stop that bloomin' clock!" Somewhere in England, on the edge of Christmas--the company had been taken for a long route march, and Tom- my did not appreciate the operation, especially when the company was halted on the wrong side of a village, a mile from a _very inviting George and Dragon. The, men "groused," a trifle too audibly 'possibly, for whea they were halted they were left stand- ing rigidly at "attention" for ten full minutes. The cold wind cut through them, and they were as near mutiny as was possible. Then came in Cock- ney accents from the rear rank: "Well, thank "Eving there's no bloomin' wasps!" The situation was saved by humor. When Dying A chaplain ws doing his best for a dying Tommy, and the poor fellow, who knew that he was "all in," thank- ed the minister very earnestly for his help. The chaplain was impressed. Work with the dying is often very dis heartening. "Is there anything else I can do for you, my lad?" he asked, with fervor. Tommy screwed his face and thought for a moment. "1, sup pose you couldn't tell me what'll win the Derby?" he asked anxiously. And there the story ends. Our foes ad- thit that we are quite beyond under standing, and we ourselves would find it difficult to discover the motive*be- hind the dying Tommy's question. Per- haps he couldn't resist the temptation to "get at". the parson. No Foreign Goods | Here is a specimen of Jack Tars humor. A live shell fell unexploded on a warship -during the Heligoland Bight battle. Jack picked it up and pitched it overboard, with: " 'Ere, 'old 'ard! We don't want no bloomin' for eign stuff' on this ship!™ * Wa laugh; not because he threw the shell over board, but because of the entirely typical and tarry humor of Jack's in dignation. Then there is 'hat excellon. story of thiree men playing ap In the trenches. One was an Trishman, an- other Scottish, and the ancestors of | the third were descendants of Abra-* ham, Isaac and Jacob. During the game the Scotsman sald he would risk trying "three," and the "gintleman from Ould Ofrelird" promptly called "four." Then he whose motheriand was Palestine stroked his nose, re- flected, and went "nap." about to play his first card when there came a shell which stopped the nap He was tions with cultured leaders have gener-| playing of the son of Israel forever. ally been beaten by those whose lead-| The Scotsmah, curious as to the cards ers had merely Kultur. The Spartans and Macedonians had abundant Kul-| tur; they generally beat the Athen-| ians, who had mevely very high .cul-| ture. .The Re had Kultur, and | the Hellenistic world wore their yoke. "Germany unquestionably has Kul | tur. On the other hand, Germany has! singularly little culture, has less than | she had a hundred years ago, does not | apparently desire it. She has willing-| Iy sacrificed the culture of a few lead-! empire as a whole. Her scholarship is related not to culture, but is a min- or expression of Kultur, She hs a! sharply realized idea of the State. In| & certain patience, | perfection of political her | The reference ir the King's to the Welsh to. the i 3 th ERRED ii last!" a x organkeation ¢ is unquestionable. Kul: per} : liberates." held by the poor Jew, took them from his hand, looked at them, anc ex- claimed: "That wie a near shave ! us, Mike! We neirly lost five bob! Look! He had e- dead cert: nap!" The story reads a trifle morbid. but it exemplifies again that circumstances never hold Tommy's humor im; it's bound come out. "The Raw Recruit stage, had occasion to be severely ad- monished by-an officer. The next day, when passing the officer, Tolnmy omit- ted the salute, and the officer p.omptly halted him. "Why didn't you salute me?" = "Well, sir, you an' me ain't frends We 'ad a row yesterday, if you remem i : i § : fi | i i § & . 2 ik fi i Fy * ]