" CHAMPLAIN DID NOT DISCOVER GEORGIAN BAY. Franciscan Priegt Reached Arm of Lake Huron Nine Days Before the Great Explorer--Champlain Fol- lowed and Visited the Huron In- 'dians, T a gathering of Toronto Uni- versity professors and others, members of the Madawaska Club, at Go Home Bay, to celebrate the 300th anniversary of Champlain's voyage of discovery down the waters of the Georgian Bay, one of the speakers, Very Rev. Dean Harris, in his address, told the story of the dis- covery of the great bay, which, in sombwhat abbreviated form, is here givén: dba The three hundredth anniversary of the landing of Champlain in Can- ada, celebrated in Quebec City in 1908, revealed to the world a spec- tacle new in our history. With one accord Great Britain, France, the United States, and Canada united in doing homage to the great statesman, navigator, and explorer, and in ex- tolling his achievements, Rightly, therefore, have we 'assembled here to-day by the shores of Georgian Bay to pay tribute to the memory of Samuel Champlain, who, three cen- turies ago, dared the wilderness and opened a path for Christianity and civilization through seven hundred miles of endless forest. The reading public naturally asso- ciate the founder of Quebec City. with the exploitation of the great regions now included in, the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario, forgetting that he made a voyage to. Mexico in 1599. He was a distinguished faunal na- turalist in his day. His narrative of the wealth and prosperity he observ- ed in Mexico is in sad contrast to the condition of that unhappy coun- try to-day. After his visit to Mexico he coasted Yucatan and sailed to the Isthmus of Panama, which he crossed on foot. When he returned to Europe he suggested to the French cartographists that a canal through the twelve miles which separated the Chagres River and the ocean was practicable and within the resources of Spain. He was not, however, (according to popular belief, the discoverer of Georgian Bay 'and Lake Huron. This honor was reserved for an humble Franciscan priest, Joseph Le Caron. When Champlain returned to Can- ada on April 24, 1615, there sailed with him four members of the Fran- ciscan Order, Joseph Le Caron, John D'olbeau, Denis Jamay, and Pacifique Duplessis, a layman. Father D'olbeau immediately began a mission to the Montagnais of the Sagneuay River region, with whom he passed a win- ter of great suffering and affliction. . » Discovering Georgian Bay. Father Le Caron started, in com- pany with a band of Hurons and Al- gonquins of the upper Ottawa, on the ° long voyage of seven hundred miles to the great lake of the Hurons. Sail- ing up the St. Lawrence, amid a sil- ence broken only by the splash of the paddle, they entered the Ottawa. They portaged the Caribou and the Golots, skirted the Allumette is- lands, and at last reached the tribu- tary waters of the Mattawan. For forty miles or more they pushed on. Bearing the canoes on their shoul- ders, they crossed a seven-mile por- tage, and through an opening in the forest Le Caron looked out--first of white men--upon Lake Nipissing. Skirting its shores they entered French River, whose pleasant current carried them to the "Fresh Water Sea," the great lake of the Hurons, a few days before Champlain's canoe shot into its waters. For more than a hundred miles they canoed the tor- tudus channels of the Georgian Bay. Around them on every side, as if floating on the water, arose a thou- sand islands and islets, thickly wood- ed, green with émerald moss, and rank with luxuriant vegetation. The great Manitoulin loomed afar off. They hugged the eastern shore, by Byng Inlet, Pointe-au-Baril, and Shawaunga Bal; coasted the picturesque shores of Parry Seund, and, sweeping on past the seven-mile Narrows, Moose Point, and Midland, beached their canoes on the shore of Douglas Bay, to the west of the har- bor of Penetanguishene. Striking an Indian trail, they plunged into the forest and passed by openings in the 'woods, fields of Indian corn, beds of 'melons and beans, and at last enter- ed the palisaded Huron town of Toanche. Here, in what is now the northern and eastern section of Sim- coe County, embracing the peninsula formed by the Nottawasaga and Matchedash Bays, the River Severn, and Lake Simcoe, were the fishing and hunting grounds of the Wyan- dottes or Hurons, supporting a popu- lation, according to ' Champlain, of twenty or thirty thousand -- a con- federacy of four distinct tribes, in time increased to five by the incor- poration of the Petuns or Tinnon- tates, Perhaps of all the races of redmeén, the Hurons, "living like brute beasts," as tells us, "without law, without religion, with- te to hod ra se! of a . ! life. Father Le Caron, bound by his vow to a life of poverty, 'was, | them, accommodation and food furnished , Bite days after his arrival among the Hurons, Champlain and. his men greeted the: Franciscan 'mass was celebrated. » ~ Windsor's Population. According to the figures compiled . in a now issue of the city directory, 'Windsor has now a permanent popu- lation of 23,013 souls, an increase of : Aine per cent. over a year ago. 3 ---------- iin "The man without fear is, mine times out of ten, without good, .com- mon sense. : , the man with money : a Tailed 1 SUF butt Te , received hospitably by | A wigwam was built for his A PHILOSOPH ERS CLUB. for Over Forty Years It Has Met in Queen's Park, Toronto. For over 40 years a number of oung, grey-headed men, anything from 50 years of age upward, have made the benches under the trees in Queen's Park, Toronto, a place of rendezvous every Sunday, (weather permitting) for a friendly chat. They have nn regular form of dis- cussion. No chairman; but Quaker- like, they speak as th¥ spirit moves them, and while at times their re- partee is productive of Tayghter, there is always an air of rnest thought, and their subjects dis- cussion show that they are 1 well read mes who have traveled'widely. They vill quote Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, and other great scientists as readily as a thirsty bull pup will drink water. Pointers in biology, psychology, eugenics, geology, and mythology seems to have been the principal diet that enabled them to reach their present state of peren- nial youth and while at times they get a little Got around the collar, they never exhibit any great .irritation under roasting that is 'frequently handed out to them. There are no cliques among them. The 39 never lose the opportunity of giving a sly lick at the fortieth. Now they are on the subject of eugenics. One remarked that no unfit man or woman should be allowed to marry or be given the least oppor- tunity to reproduce their diseased kind. It should be a case of opera- tion or separation. If that were done disease would soon become unknown. Mr. Hood: "Suppose you were an epileptic and you loved a young girl, would you not wish to marry her? Wouldn't you say: If you love me as I love you, no man shall cut our love in two?" A Voice: "A real red-blooded man wouldn't say any such rot. If he loved her he'd think more of her wel- fare and the natural results of mar- rying her." General discussion followed. When a traveler of the North-West Terri- tories, Peace River district, gave some 'interesting information about the Indian tribes of Crees and Beav- ers out that way, he said: "Both these tribes were equally de- well looked after and demonstrate clearly the results of civilization. The Beavers remain as they were--whis- key and too close an intimacy with thé white men is the principal cause. This degeneracy is not always con- fined to the Indians. The white man who falls into their ways degener- ates too. x The subject then got on to evolu- tion, and Mr. Hood, a well-versed man, who couldn't be convinced of anything, said he was willing to be convinced, but hadn't yet' met the man who could convince him. Mr. Kirke said that Darwin was the father of modern evolution. His statement was based upon facts. Mr. Hood replied that he might fancy the moon was a green cheese, but his fancy wouldn't make it a fact. "Anyone who believes in Dar- win in ten years' time will be laugh- ed at. You can get a mule from a horse and a donkey, but you can't get offspring from a mule, and any fool knows that there is no such thing as spontaneous germination. My friend over there is talking some- thing that nobody knows about and he don't know himself. Whatever our boys at the front may have been be- forg they enlisted, there is not a man of them who before he has been in the trenches three days but becomes a Christian." And so it goes. WILD RADISH. It Is a Very Common Pest in the Maritime Provinces. - Wild radish is a very common pest in the Maritime Provinces, and, in fact, is as objectionable as mustard. The condition of things referred to in our co ént"s letter can easily be explained by the fact that the seeds of wild radish are able to lie dormant in thesoil for many years without losing their power of ge: ation. When the sod was plo fall a great many of the wild: the oat field than in the fallow land is not clear.' bly the explana- tion is that the fallow land received more stirring with the cultivator and should be continued in order to de- stroy the weeds. CA Sea. -- generate, but the Crees have beer. THE DAILY BRITISH WHIG OCTOBER 21, BULGARS DISAPPEAR. Toronto Colony Has Dwindled in the Past Few Weeks. Where are the Bulgarians of yes- | teryear? Although number of Greeks and Macedonians in the colony on j Bing street east, Toronto, stated re- cently that Bulgarians would under no circumstances return to their | country to take part in apother war, | the re taurants which once were fre- quented by gambler Ferdinand's sub- | jects were empty when a reporter { called, . says The Toronto Globe. These Greeks and Macedonians, who all could speak English, could only volunteer opinions regarding the ab- sence of possible enemies. They said that the construction camps and lum- bering had taken many men away. Others, they claimed, last spring left for the United States when work was hard to obtain. Police officials who have for years been forced to rely upon men who could be picked up in the colony as interpreters, state that it is almost impossible to obtain a man who can give satisfaction and who can be thoroughly trusted. Their stories, they say, should be discounted. Plainclothesmen whose work car- ries them into the &olony informed the reporter that the number of for- eigners had dwindled conspicuously. They took into consideration when making the statement the fact that these men are transients, A few whose interests are finan- cially in Canada, who have wives and families here, and who are Bulgarian in language and religion, however, show no great regard to assist their country in any manner, displaying in a fieasure the mercenary attitude of their Czar. They ask why should they exchange their' property and their wealth for desolate fields, wrecked homes and starvation. One man stated that he would be forced to pay four or five times greater taxes in his native country if conduct- ing his business there. He has free- dom here not obtainable in Bulgaria, and does not have to work for a pit- tance. Another man who has become a naturalized citizen states that should Bulgaria enter the arena there is danger of a revolution. He is some- what of a Socialist. He receives let- ters from his parents, whom he as- sists, and who advise him not to re- turn. Now a Greek, he was thor- oughly Canadian and pro-ally. His story was told to a Macedonian in another restaurant. This third man thought his opinions might be right, but he has some of his own. He does not hold the same high regard for British institutions, is not pro-Ger- man, and in race and religion was the same as the Socialist. Both men were in that part of the Balkan pen- insula, they said, which Bulgaria lost when the late Balkan war came to a close. The third man claimed that the Greeks were bitter, and from the tenor of his remarks he was no friend of the man who had become a devout admirer of Canada and its customs. The foreigners claim that in To- ronto at present there are no more than 200 Bulgarians. When Mr. Ste- fan Panateroff, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Am- erica, visited Toronto recently he placed the number of his fellow-coun- trymen here at two thousand. Bul- garia has no Consular agent in Can- ada, no Minister or Ambassador. In the event of was the call for what few reservists are in this country would possibly be made, it is claimed, 'through some of the merchants. At present there are only a very few Bulgarians in the colony. Where the remainder are, men of other na- tionalities do not know, and do mot seem to care. In broken English, by Le ts they give an ob- server thé impression that there is still the possibility of the different Balkan States flying at h other's throats. One man indeed stated that there was no danger of Bulgaria sid- ing with Germany, and that she would prefer to fight with Greece. BromeRirss in Alberta. The grass that is giving the best results in the southern portion of Al- berta is Brome, and as a plant to crowd out weeds, it is probably one of the best, as it forms a very heavy sod; thickening up by means of un- .derground running roots. It should be sewn about ten to twelve pounds | per acre some time between the 15th of May and the 15th of June. If the land has been summer fallowed the SCHOOLS FOR WOUNDED. French Experiment Points Way to the Canadian-Government. The Dominion Hospitals Commis- sion the other day announced that it had undertaken the work of teaching new trades to the soldiers, who by reason of injuries received at the -front,-were Lbable to resume their former occupations. How are they goingsto go about it? How can life be made supportable for the wreck- age of humanity war leaves in its wake? velle Revue of Paris, showing how the problem is being handled in Mr, Eduard Herriot, the Mayor of Lyons, has established a trade-school for the wounded---an institution which is being copied all over, the country, and even in Algemia. In the Lyons school, which was opened on the 29th of last December, soldiers permanently maimed are taught such trades as shoemaki cobbling, tail- oring, gardening, ry, toy-mak- ing, bookbinding, bookkeeping, sten- ography, and typewriting. - Courses are also in harnessmaking, metal workix coopering, and pos- sibly jewel-setting. The school day is eight hours, and those whose trades involve manual labor also have courses of primary instruction in the evening. for admission are se- lected with , each name being proposed by the chief physician of the formation to the director of the Service de Sante, who transmits it to the Governor-General of the region, who accepts or rejects it. The candidates thus presented are the "amputated" and the "wounded," the latter term including all infirmi- ties consequent on a wound received in war. As to the first the task of decision is easy. Examination is made to see whether the cicatriza- tion is solid, definite, with no fistual nor painful spot. . . In the second category the question is more deli- cate. We have examined a great number and retained few, for most were susceptible of improvement by proper treatment. . . Furthermore the candidate must be incapacitated by the nature of his wound to re- sume his former occupation, and must lack resources for self-support. From the moral point of view he must enter the school with a firm and decided will to work and to learn. He is free to leave when he pledises, and the school reserves the absolute right to dismiss those whose conduct may produce trouble or scandal among their fellows." Mr. Gravier gives a vivacious ac- Sunt of his visit to the Lyons school, hose die found just grant- ing ae to inspectors of labor and gepresentatives of the press: "At the moment he was speaking of the apprenticeship of shoemaking. *"'You ®sach cobbling chiefly?' some one asked, " 'On the contrary, we have our workmen make new goods--that creates mew interest among the stu- dents. There is a risk of discourag- inj repair, work alone. It is impo that they shouid ashieve the production of something as soon as possible." " NG VHS Many Occur Among the United Em- pire Loyalists. = Some of the German Canadian names have claim to greater honor than we are at present giving them. it is not'generally known that a con- siderable number of those whom we have honored as United Empire Loy- alists were. of German descent. That such is the case the record of names preserved in the | Lands De- partment at Toronto shows. The Ger- man: soldiers were employed by the British a oTorament to aid in sup- pressing the rebellion of the Ameri- can colonies did not all return to Ger- many at ! e end of the war. Many 3 GERMAN NAMES, in reward for their services to the Crown, ¢ It is tobe noted also that the list longer. many other which I have not Here is a story from La Nou-' | | M5 he Peps way of treating -- oof bronchitis and lung and throat troubles. How ? Well, up to now people with these chest and throat troubles have swal lowed cough mixtures, sickly & the like, into their Sore lungs and throat k t no gopd by dosing the stom- oh Peps work differently. Peps are tablets made up of Pine. extracts and medicinal essences, which when put into the uth turn into healing va are breathed down direct to the lungs, throat and bronchial tubes --not swallowed down to the stomach, which is not ailing. Hy a 56c. box of Peps for your cold, your cough, bronchitis or asthma. All druggists and stores or Peps Co., Toronto, will supply peps mm, Telephone 201 Auto Livery 'Bibby Garage Agents for Dodge Bros. Motor Cars NEW METHOD Cleaning, Pressing and Repairing Neat./ done. We make a special. ty of Ladies' Work. M. F. PATTON, Prop. 149 SYDENHAM ST. (Near. Prin- cess St.) Phone 214. Match Specialties We have been making matches for 64 years now-- domestic matches and every other kind. Some of our specialties are "The Gaslighter," with ' a 4 1-4 inch stick--The "Eddystone Torch" for outdoor use (burns 35 seconds In any weather)---Wax Vestas for the smoker, and many other variet.es. F.r home use the most popular match is "The Silent 5" But for every use ask your grocer for Eddy"s Matches THE CITY OF NOW: est nest Gnd abe ai 3 Miles fost eater (anadian. (ity: Iniversity/ and est Military Fleademy vicest Summer Fishing SGrovinds, Chr the St Jfawrence Kiver ntario,, NCUrsions. through : Iv. 1000 slarids, « 5 of Qtr 45 Beres of Peautifal Farks, ace in. cellent-Sites for lo Ideal all round Citys © Schools, esort-- "Hort: rada, actfories., TALL UP KINGSTON Keep in mind the "Community Build- er" cartoons and - articles which appear * each Saturday. Te Bringing Out the Real Taste in Food There PH a flavor, a delicacy, a tastiness about foods made with Crisco that seldom is found in those made with lard. . ¢ until she tried making them with Crisco. { 3 (RISCO Crean More 'than one housewife has admitted that she did not dream of the fine flavor of certain cakes And others have discovered a new palatability in fried things which they never thought could brought about. . This is because Crisco itself has no taste to ™ smother the real taste of the food which is cooked © ith it. Made in new, sanitary, sunlit factories at Hamilton, Canada Ax 1 - &