| PRACTICAL IDEAS ON BUTTERMAKING There is no definite temperature at which cream will churn best. So many factors enter into the consider- ation besid temperature, such as the richness of the cream, the ripe- ness of the cream, the amount of cream in the ehurn, and so on, thdt the churning temperature is largely & matter for the buttermaker's own good judgment, says Farmers' Guide. The temperature plays an important part in churning, certainly, and prac tice will enable the maker to vary it $0 that the butter will come firm in from twenty minutes to half an hour. When all is ready the cream should be strained through a coarse strainer ihto the churn. This strain- ing separates any particles of curd or dried cream $which might be pres- ent and which would produce white specks in the butter. Butter color can be used, depending upon the pur- pose for which the butter is made. Just enough color should be added t6 give the butter a '"'June-grass" col- or, a nice golden yellow, a little. in- clined to the light side rather than the dark: This, of course, depends upon the requirement of the consum- er. If a dark yellow colored butter is preferred a drop or two more color should be added, but this, of course, will depend at all times upon the ex- perience of the maker. The speed of the churn should be so regulated as to have the butter forming into firm grains about the size of whean kernels in abowt thirty minutes. As soon as this occurs the buttermilk should beé drawn off and an. equal amount of clean, told water should be put in. The churn should then be revolved once or twice and this wash water drawn off [this procedure being repeated until the water runs out clean, it being always remem- bered that too much washing de- strogs the fine flavor of butter. Then add pure finely ground salt at the rate of one ounce to the pound of butter, and mix it into the butter oy turning the churn over once or twice. After this the butter should be taker from the churn and thor- oughly worked until all the salt is properly incorporated and. all, the ex- cess of water has been worked out. If the butter is for town trade it should be made into neat; firm, pound prints covered with a good grade of butter paper, having printed on it, if pos- sible, a neat, plain inscription signi- fying that it is the very finest dairy batter made by so-and-so on such- and-such a farm. A little carg and attention' paid to the manner in which the butter is put up and sold will more than repay in extra cus- tomers any slight added trouble and expense which it might occasion. Good horses are in such demand now that it will pay any farmer with good horse-gsense to sit up and take notice. ' - . A APA PPP ll ANNAN Select Bréeding Birds Now, Success with poultry depends upon breeders, and this is the time when breeders should be selected, Breeders should be mature, vigor ous, healthy, good layers, and as good specimens of their breed as can be selected Two-year-old hens should be rather than pullets. Hens that are used often . off feed, dumpish, subjects to colds, or haye been through some infectious Wis ease should not be used as breeders, but hens that ate alert, active, happy and good feeders. Breeders shguld have marks of highj producers: Short strong beak; rdther narrow head; big bright eyed; soft prominent comb, ear lobes, and wattles of bright color; medium neck with full hackle; V-shaped body from top, side and rear; long, bread back; deep body; close feathers; tail car- ried rather high; with leges rather short and well-spread, giving large space between the pelvic bones. Hens that are nol often broody, and that rmaoult latest in the season, are the best layers, and in yellow-leg varieties those that lose the. color from their shanks. One should have a supply of leg bands and mark the most promising of his flock from time to time] and then le should keep selecting until the cho'®st ones are known and banded. These, mated with male birds from high-producing, mothers of some standard breed, will result in a profitable flock. .~ all the Poultry And Fruit. If the hens have the run of an or- chard they will not render as good service in protecting the Yrees from injurious insects as they will if con- fined in yards around the . trees While the orchard should be util- ized, it gives much opportunity to the fowls to work over a large sur- face, which may to a certain extent, lessen their vigilance around the trees. The old maxim is, "Bring your chickens to your tree, keep them there, and they will destroy more insects than in any other way." The suggestion is a good one if not inflicting extra expense for fencing, but it is possible that some kind of movable fence should answer the purpose, as the fowls need not be ronfined except early in the season. To Cure The "Shying' Horse. The shying horse is often the best horse on the farm, and may be spoil- ed if treated foolishly. He is not to led up to the object of his fears and soothed. When he sees how sense- less he has been 'he will be so ashamed that he will not notice that object again. After being shown a dozen things, one at a time, he will begin to investigate for himself, and presently will become a most feariess animal. : A well-known horse breeder ad- vises farmers not to sell any mares fit for breeding. | The Latest Market Reports LIVE STOCK MARKETS Toronto. Toronto, Nov. 5.--Offerings on the Union Stock Yards to-day consisted entirely of odds hnd ends. Trading was active and all supplies were ¢leaned up at steady prices. Trade was steady; hogs unchanged. ceipts: 1,147 cattle, 23 calves, 639 hogs 1,194 sheep. Export cattle, choice $7.50 to $8.50; butcher cattle, choice, $7.00 to $7.50, medium, $6.25 to $6.65, cemmon, $5.50 to $6.00; butcher cows, choice, $6.00 to $6.50, medium $56.26 to $7.75, canners $3.50 to $4, bulls $4.25 -to $6.25; feeding steers, $5.00 to $6.75; stockers, choice, $6 to $6.50, light $4.75 to $5.50; milk- ers; choice, each $60 to $100; spring- ers, $60 to $100; sheep, ewes, $75 te"$6.50;" bucks and culls, $4.25 to $5, lambs, $8 to $9; hogs, fed and watered, $8.85;. calves, $4.25 to $10.75. 1, Buffalo, ' East Buffalo, Nov. 5.---Cattle, re- ceipts: 400 head: slow and steady; veals, receipts: 100 head; active and steady; $4 to $11; hogs, receipts; 5,000 head; slow; heavy, $7.60 to $7.75; mixed, $7.50 to $7.60; york- ers, $7.15 to $7.55; pigs, $7; roughs, $6.25 to $6.50; stags, $5 to $5.75. Sheep and lambs, receipts 2,000 head; active; lambs, $6 to $9.15; yearlings, $6 to $7.50; wethers, $6.25 to $6.50; ewes, $3 to $5.75; sheep, mixed, $5.75 to $6. et Chicago. ~ Chicago, Nov. 5.--Cattle: Receipts 8,000. Market easy. Native beef cattle, $6 to $10.35; Western steers, hi to $8.60; cows - and heifers, 2.15 to $8.20; calves, $7 to 10.15. Hogs: Receipts 26,000. Market slow. Light, $6.35 to $7.40; mixed, $6.35 to. $7.55; heavy, $6.25 to $7.50; rough, $6.25 to $6.45; pigs, $3.75 to $6.75; bulk of sales, $6.60 to $7.15. Sheep: Receipts 16,000, Market steady. Wethers, $5.85 to * $6.35; ewes, $3.85 to $5.75; lambs, native, $6.75 to $9. y GRAIN QUOTATIONS. Toronto. Toronto, Nov. §.--The committée appointed by thé Toronto Board of grain section is respgusible for the following prices: ! Manitoba Wheat--New crop, No, 1 * Northern, $1.11%; No. 2, $1.09%, track lake ports, immediate ship- ment. 2 Manitoba oats--No. 2 C.W., tough, 44¢; No. 3 CW, tough, 44¢, track lake ports. ; American corn--No. 2 yellow. 3, Re-| Canadian corn--No. track Toronto. Ontario oats--New erop, No. 3 white, 38¢ to 39¢; commercial oats, 37¢ to 38¢; according to freights out. side. Ontario wheat--No. 2 winter, per car lot, 94¢ to 96¢c; wheat, slightly Lsprouted and tough, 90¢ to 94¢, ac- according to sample; wheat, sprout- ed, smutty and tough, 75¢ to 85¢, ac- cording to sample. Peas--No. 2, nominal, lots, $1.90; sample peas, $1.75, according to sample. Barley---Good malting barley, 56c to 58¢; feed barley, 47¢ to 52¢, ac- cording to freights outside. Buckwheat-- Nominal, car lots, 78c to 80e, according to freights out- side. Rye--No. 1 commercial, 88¢ to 90¢; rye, tough, 72c¢ to 77¢, accord- ing to sample. 2 yellow, 72e¢, per car $1.25 to ' Winnipeg. .. Winnipeg, Nov. 5.--Wheat closed 13 ¢ to 15%e¢ higher, oats closed un- changed to 3 ¢ higher, and flax clos- ed 1% c to 2%c higher. The wheat market opened steady and was less active than during the earlier days of the week. noon fluctuations were 1c on all the months. Qats opened % c higher on Novem- ber, 14 ¢ higher on December, and un- changed for May and following fluc- tuations were within narrow limits. Flax opened 3c higher on the nearby months, and 13%e¢ higher on May. Cash demand was. not quite so keen as it had been,*and the pre- mium was down to 2%c¢ over Novem- | ber for No. 1 northern. The grades most in demand vere Nos. 1, 2 and 3 | northern, and tough wheat. Oats and barler were strong. Flax also showed advances following the open- ng. * 2 Inspeetions 3074 cars against 462 Cars a year ago; sight for inspec. tion, (2,050 cars. ¥ °° : Chicago, Nov. 5.--Wheat---No. 2 red, $1.13 to $1.14; No. 3 $1.07% to $1.11%° No. 2 hard, nominal; No. 3 Mard, 99%e to $1.04%. a Low - Corn--No. 2 yellow, 65% to 66¢; No. 2 white, 65¢ to 65% ¢. ats--No. 3 white, 36%e¢ to 37¢c; standard; 39%e¢. Rye--No. 2, $1.01. Barley--G4e¢ to 63¢. Timothy--$5 to $8. Clover- $10 to $20. Pork--$1418. Lard--$8.77. Ribs---$9.75 to $10.50, At abeut | BUCKWHEAT STRAW Buckwheat straw, says Board's Dairyman, has about the same feed- ing value as wheat straw. It is slightly richer in protein but also contains a larger per cent. of crude fibre than wheat straw. Where no be utilized for wintering idle ani- mals, but hay, oat straw, or even good clean barley straw is to be pre- ferred. : tadduni As Fertilizer, A party of scientists and recently inspected the experiments carried outson Ne tpial grounds at Reading, Eng., by a. Martin H, *. Sutton to test the effects of radio-aé- tive ores and residues on plant li Mr. Sutton in the early summer of last year carried out a series of tust and these were repeated this vear on even a larger scale. The visitors were impressed with the thorougn and cpmpleté character of the provi sion against error. Everything pos- sibly was done to ensure a fair test, not only for the pure radium bromide and the radio-active ores, but also for the proprietary fertilizers includ- ed in the trials. The results examined yesterday are even more emphatic than those of 1914 in showing "that while in some cases plants dressed with radio active ore had given better results that the control plants, the improv. ment had not been of such a nature as to warrant the assumption that expensive a commodity as radium could be profitably applied to crops.' If Messrs. Sutton's investigations can be accepted as conclusive--.ana they are so regarded by competent botanists and chemists, says the Lon don Times--the farmer and gardiner need look for no material benefit from radium. The chief resyft has been to emphasize the value of farm- yard manure and complete artificial fertilizers. - The lessons are of gr importance to gardeners especially for whom negative results are as va- luable as positive, though they may be less encouraging. others Saving Corn Fodder, The longer the corn fodder is left in the field, as usually shocked, the less valuable it becomes. Much of the foliage blows away with the No- vember gales, and the stalks and stems are only the poorest parts of the plant. If the fodder is left out in this way, it possesses little feeding value. When it is impossible to at- tend to the husking at once, it is a good plan to haul the corn to the barn and stand the bundles on end around the building. In this way the fodder is close at hand when needed, and less of it wastes by blowing away" Those who practice husking in the field will find this a good way to handle the stalks if they lack barn A Corn closed firmer, 64 3c. Oats closed firmer; No. 4 white, 42 to 42%c; No. 4 white, 37¢ to 38c. Liverpool. Liverpool, Nov. 5.---S8pot wheat closed unchanged; corn strong, un- chahged to %d higher. Wheat---No. 2 Northern Manitoba, 11s 5d; No. 3 Northern Manitoba, 11s 44. Corn--Spot, 9s 6d. Minneapolis. Minneapolis, Nov. 5.---Wheat fu- tures closed: December, 98 %c, May, $1.02%. Cash: No. 1 hard, $1.- 02%; No. 1 Northern, 95%¢ to 98% e¢; No. 3 Northern, 93% to 95%¢; No. 1 durum, 96%c to 987%e¢; No. 2 durum, 91%ec¢ to 96%ec. GENERAL TRADE. Millfeed and Rolled Oats. Montreal, Nov. 5.--There were no new developments in the condition of the market for millfeed, but the feeling is much steadier than it has been of late owing ro the steady in- crease in the demand of late and a more active trade is doing, with sales of bran at $21; shorts at $23, and middlings at $29 to $3¢ per ton, in- cluding bags. The tone of the mar- ket for moullie is steady, with a fair tri passing in pure grain grades at $32, and mixed at $30 per ton: The tone of the market for rolled oats is firm, with a fair domestic trade doing at $5.15 to $5.20 per barrel in 'wood, and at $2.45 'to $2.50 per bag. The Baled Hay Market. treal, Nov. §.--There was no acttial change in the market for bajed hay to-day, but the feeling is strong, with a fairly active trade do- ing and sales of car lots of No. 1 hay re made at $19; extra good No. 2 hay at $18.50; No. 2 hay at $17.50 to $18, and No. 3 hay at $15.50 to $16.50 per ton ex-track. Cheese. Wr « 118,000 more than last year. At the end of Octo- ber Montreal stocks were 189,957, against 71,915 last 'year. In red, land also there .is 'quite a surplus. War orders to Canadian firms are be- cause the season is advancing. As soon as cheese slacks off here, the War Office will probably clear off the surplus in the English market, tele- grams having already been received stating that they are beginning to buy. Cables to the regular English market have received to Shoese offered at 16% cents, the opinion was that the feeling: was better. Other offers at ga Some firms failed to re- have received no reply. cabling, ceive replies at 16 cents. are not having Montiel: Non TE auatitions a "¢ room for storage. faci the bundles as hay is stacked, better roughage is available, it cand AN AA tN Another way is to, putting it up to shed water so that { little is spoiled. Better than any { of the above methods is the practice of husking the corn early, getting it when the fodder is thoroughly dry, and storing it in a loft in the rod of the barn. The average barn will hold a lot if it is packed closely. Care should be exercised that it is.not put away too green, else It will sdur and mold. Cattle seem to like it.in this state, but it is not good for them, and it may cause a disagreeable taste in the milk if fed to the cows. It is also injurious to the digestive organs. Fed in moderation, ag part of general ration, it, , however, right. a is all ------ The Skunk A Farmer's Friend. The skunk, which is represented all over the country by a number ol varieties, ' general and species, is an animal of great economic impor- tance Its food consists very large- ly of insects-smainly of those species which are very destructive to garden and forage erops. Field observa- tions and laboratory examination de- monstrate that they destroy immense numbers of white grubs, grasshop- pers, crickets, ecutworms, hornets, wasps and other noxious forms. The alarming increase. of the 'white grub in some localities is largely due to the extermination of this valuable animal, Preparing Land For Potatoes, Buckwheat sowed early in the spring and placed under the latter part of May, says Hoard's Dairyman, will leave the land in excellent: con- dition for potatoes, espeeially if the soil is a heavy clay. Rye, on the other hand, will add somewhat more or ganic matter to the soil. and hence is to be preferred for soils that are lacking in humus. The great danger in either case is that if a period of drought follows the plowing under of the crop, the potatoes will suffer for a lack of moisture, because the plants plowed under will require comnsider- able time for their decay. Nearly Half a Million Horses For War The number of horses exported from the United States to Europe since the time of the outbreak of the war up to October 1st. was approxi- mately 364,000, and -the number of mules 97,000. The number of hors- es exported from the United States to Canada during the same time was approximately 80,000, pro- bably half of which were re-shipped to Europe, makiig a total -exporta- tion of 405,000 American horses for European use. While the cattle market has been dull for some - time, dealers and breeders say that dairy cows are bringing good prices. The man who kept his brood sows last year is now reaping the reward. the end of October amount of eggs in stock were 90,192 cases, compared with 73,285 _(inclading 3,600 pick- led) last year. During this month, however, according to reports from the local dealers, the stock will be re- duced by probably nearly 20,000, to judge from the amount of business passing, and the product ready to be shipped, Local wholesale quotations are as follows: Extra stock .~.. oy New laid .. vw Stamped selected .. No. 1 candled . .- Straight gathered Single cases .. . No. 2 candled 43c¢ 42c¢ 33e¢ 30¢ 28¢ eras on 290 . 26c to" 27¢ Prices at Ottawa. Ottawa, Nov. 5.--By Ward market was dull and prices maintained same level set a week ago. Vegetables are appedring almost exclusively in bags, a sign that the veggtable sea- son is about over and s produces will soon take on winter prices. Potatoes are selling at 90 cehts to $1 a bag. Cabbage is still very abundant, selling for 25 cents a do- zen. There were only a few pump- kins on the market, selling for 10 cents each. Celery is worth 15 cents a dozen; turnips, 50 cents a bag; par- snips, 65 cents a bag; carrots, 60 gents a bag; onions, $1 to a $1.50 a ag. . Pork and beef are selling at 11 to 12 cents a pound; beef, $6 to $7,a carcass. : Butter is selling at 29 to 32 cents for dairy and 32 to 34 cents for creamery. Eggs are going for 36 to 40 cents. "Hay is selling for $15 to $18 a tons Oats is worth 45 to 50 cents a bushel, straw $6 to $8 a ton. Hay at Local Points. Hay sold as. follows: Belleville, baled $16.50 to $¥ per ton, loose $15 to $17; Berlin, baled, $17.50 to $19, loose $16 to $17.50; Brantford, baled $15.50 to $16.50, loose, $15. Cobourg, 160se $15 to $16; Guelph, baled $17 to $18, loose $15 to $16; Harriston, baled $13 to $14; Hamil- ton, baled $16 to $19, loose $16 to $20; London, loose $16 to $19; Owen Sound, baled $17, loose $14; Peterboro, baled $18 to $20; loose $18 to $20; Port Hope, baled $18 to $20, loose $18; Sarnia, baled $16, loose $15 to $16; Stratford, baled $14 to $186, loose"$13 to $16; Wood- stock, baled $17 to $18, loose $14 per ton. : Butter At Local Points. On the local farmers' markets of Ontario butter sold as follows: Belle- ville 35¢ per Ib.; Berlin, 30¢ to 32¢; Brantford, 30¢ to 32¢; Cobourg, 30c to 32¢; Guelph 30c to 32¢; Harris ton, 26¢ to 27¢; Hamilton, 322¢ to 36¢; London, 30¢ to 32¢; Owen Sound, 25¢ to 26¢; Peterboro, 32¢ to 35¢; Port Hope, 25¢c; Sarnia, 30¢; Stratford, 29¢ tb 3c; Woodstock, VACCINATION A PREVENTIVE OF HOG CHOLERA During the recent outbreak of hog GRoiera in Eastern Allegheny (Joun- ock ¢ Pa., the direction of Dr. C. § Mar- 'State Veterinarian, vaccinated 350 hogs~The losses following this work were only about three per cent. as compared with a usual loss of nearly eighty per cent. in any ac~ tive gutbreak of this disease where serall treatment is not carried out fby the Board, and In addition the spread of infection was checked. Filtering Honey. Dark honeys in general do not sell as readily as clear water-white hon- eys, such as alfalfa and white clover. An inexpensive method ofg filtering and refining extracted honeys liké buckwheat and aster is being sought by the Federal Carbohydrate Labor- atory in -Washington. The labgra- tory workers have passed dark-color- ed honey through bone char and se- cured a product as elear as crystal. The only drawback to a general employment of this method of filter- ing is that the cost of bone char is about $60 a ton. Ordinary char- coal is cheaper, but not so effective. With the co-operation of the Forest Service the Laboratory is now look- ing for a cheap wood charcoal which will take out the color and experi- menters believe that they will soon find it. If such a process of filtering dark honeys and syrups can be made so cheap as to become available to the ordinary honey producer, a" great deal of honey which has been going for manufacturing purposes, or has been fed back to jhe bees, can be placed directly up the retail mar- ket. There is still a question, how- «ever, whether such a process gould ever be made so cheap as to bring such honeys as the inferior tropical grades into competition with the best white clover, sage and alfalfa, row on the market.--Cleaning in Bee Cul- ture. Chopped Stuff. What about plowing the orchard? Do not neglect the apples, they are valuable this year. Start a literary society and keep' it going throughout the winteg. Do not léave the fixing up of the stable till the told weather arrives. What about reorganizing the Farmers' Club for thé winter months? ' Do not forget the' Plowing Match at Guelph on day, November 5th. . The man who has plenty of pigs stands to get the best prices for his rain-damaged grain. Provincial Fri- rn good demand from foreign buyers for all grades of Manitoba spring wheat, and sales of 400,000 bushels were made for nearby and December-Janu- ary shipment. There was also a good demand on spot for wheat,.and salés of Some round lots of wheat,and sales were made at $1.16 per bushel c.i.f. The demand for® oats continues fairly good, and further sales of round lots of No. 2 C.W. were made at 44 3-4¢ per bushel, track Fort William, and at 49¢ c.i.f. bay ports, and No. 1 feed oats sold at 45¢ Moutreal freights December ship- ment. Tough No, 2 CW. 30ld at 48c and No. 3 atic c.i.f. here. The market for Ontario and Quebec oats is weaker at a further decline of 1-2¢ per bushel. AR grades of spring wheat flour wer advanced 10¢ per barrel. There is a _cowriderable inquiry from Euro- pean sources, and a sale of a full car- £0 of 5,000 to $7,000 tons was made to the French government. The do- mestic trade is active, Demand for millfeed is good. Butte quiet and easy. Cheese fairly active and 'firmer. Fgegs active and firm. Cuotations®-- Corn--American No. 2 yellow, 77¢ ty) V8. . Oats--Canadian western No.! 2, 50¢; Canadian western No. 3, 49¢; No. 2 local white, 45 1-2¢; No. 3 lo- chl white, 44 1-2¢; No. 4 local white, 43 1-2c. Barley--Malting, 66 1-2¢ to 67c. Flour--Manitoba spring wheat patents, firsts $5,95, seconds, $5.45; strong bakers, $5.25; winter patents, choice; $5.60; straight rollers, $4.90 L185 straight rollers, bags, $2.30 to 2.40. i Rolled oats--Barrels, $5.15 to $5.20; bags, 90 1bs., $2.45 to $2.50. Bran, $21; shorts, $23; middlings, $29. to $30; moullie, $30 to $32. # Hay--No. 2, per ton, car lots, $17.50 to $18.50. . Cheese--Finest westerns, 16e to 16 1-4c; finest easterns, 15 1-2¢ to 15 3-4c. { Butter--Choicest creamery, 32¢ to 32 1-4; seconds, 31 1-2¢ to 31 3-4e. Fresh, 42c; selected, 33c; No. 1 stock, 30c; No. 2 stock, 26c. Potatoes, per bag, car lots, Dressed hags, abattoir killed, 13c to 13 .-2¢c. Pork--Heavy Canada short mess, barrels, 35 to 45 pieces, 28¢ to 28 1-2; Canada short cut back barrels, 45¢c to 35 pieces, 27¢ to 27 '1-2¢. Lard--Compound, = tiérces, 375 ibs. 10 1-4¢; wood pails, 20 Ibs. net. 10 3-4¢; pure, tierces, 375 Ibs, 12¢ 'net 13¢ fo 13 1-2¢. Notes of Interest. 'Look out for the weanlings and colts as cold weather approaches. Eggs of uniform size and color, command a higher price than un- graded ones. ! With a fall like this there should; 90¢ to] ® to 12 1-2¢; pure, wood pails, 20 lbs. i be no excuse for leaving fields un- plowed over the winter. odd shingles on the roof now than to wait till the snow is flying. See that the root cellar is well ven- tilated. There is going te'be plenty of rot this year without encouraging it by bad air. Encourage the holding of a plow- ing match in your section. There is need of a campaign for more care in this particular branch of farm culti- vation. § If it has not been done, a coat of whitewash to which has been added some good disinfectant will brighten and cleanse the interior of all the stables. ' In starting the winter feeding it is just as poor policy to overfeed as to underfeed. Upon the care of the feeder a great dead of the success or failure depends. Feeders cannot profitably be left in the fields too late in the fall. It never pays to allow them to shiver 'in the fence corners or -lose flesh through shortage of feed. » M. H. Drain, Norwood, received by mail last spring one potato from his brother at Rosthern, Sask. Mr. Drain planted the potato, and this fall from the one tuber harvested 48 pounds of fine potatoes, not one of which has rotted, although other potatoes in the district were badly affected. The Seed Bed. A well prepared seed bed is of nearly as much importance as is the seed. It may be easy or difficult for the young plants to get food from the soil, depending on whether the seed bed has been well or poorly pre- pared. To gather moisture and food through the roots it is necessary that the roots be in actual contact with the soil particles. Therefore it is ohvious that the seed bed should be fine and compact, such as would be made on fall plowed land by disk- ing in the spring and harrowing at least once after sowing. A lumpy and open or too wet and heavy seed bed does not afford the hospitable condition which ensures a prompt vigorous germination and growth. The best of seed may make a perfect stand when sown upon such a seed bed under favorable conditions of heat and moisture, but seed weak in vitality must have a perfectly pre- pared seed bed to ensure a fair stand. Even with seed of the best quality it is always wise to prepare the seed bed well.--Andrew Boss, Experiment Station, St. Paul. The Fall Calf. If proper facilities for housing are provided there is very little trouble in raising fall calves. They have whole milk for a few days and after that warm skith milk with a little linseed .meal added. On full feed he should have 20 ibs. of milk daily. As soon as the calf is old enough crush- ed oats hay and ensilage may be fed. When spring comes the calf wil be ready for pasture, It is far more pleasant to put those | | TREATING "SERNTCHES." | For aggravated cases of scratches, lable to occur in the season now ap- proaching, and for grease, do not wash, as such conditions are aggra- vated by washing. Poultice tite part with hot flaxseed meal for three days. If there is a bad odor, mix two or three talilespoonfuls of powdeced wood and charcoal and a couple of teaspoonfuls of coal-tar disinfectant in each pouitice. After discontinu- ing the poultices apply three times a day an ointment composed of one drachm each of spirits of camphor and compound tincture of benzoin and two drachms of sulphur, mixed in one ounce of lanoline or fresh lard. If a month of this treatment does not avail, cleanse the parts and blister with cerate of cantharides and go on using the ointment as be- fore, 'aft. r the blister has been wash- -ed off in two days. Fall Ploughing Of Orchards ® After apple-picking © the orchard should be ploughed. While there is also plenty of time for this operation before freezing, many of our best fruit growers have commenced turn- ing the soil under already. This work, of course should be left till the rest of the ploughing has been finished. It should never be started till all dan- ger of the trees renewing growth for the season by such cultization has passed Shallow ploughing is always best. Plough up as close, to the trees as possible, and leave the ground with- out only further cultivation until spring. There are two main advantages in late fall ploughing. By leaving the soil in a looge state with dn Uneven surface you conserve a lot of mois- ture for the following season. Again by ploughing in the fall you save much valuable time when the spring rush commences. William Hill, of Benmiller, is mak. ing an interesting venture in the line of afforestation. Last spring he planted 5,760 trees in the township 'of Hullett, Huron county, on a lot that had been used as a pasture, and of a light soil. The trees were one year seedlings, about six inches high, white and Scotch pine. They have come along well this summer, some having grown ten and twelve inches. Fae 130 > WANTED DOWN ONLY { Highest Cash Prices Paid ware JOHN MCKAY umires THE FUR HOUSE KINGSTON ONT. A A ttt aA A A tt The Kingston Markets Kingston, "Nov. 6. Meats Beef, local carcases, 1b. $ Beef, 09 11 15 hinds, 1b. Beef, cuts, 1b.... Beef, western, by carcase, 1b, .... Hogs, live, cwt. Hogs, dressed, cwt. Lamb, spring, by carcase, 1b. . .. Mutton, caréase,lb. Veal,by carcase, 1b, Veal by qtr., 1b, . 11 Bloaters, doz .... Ciscoes, Ib. 5 Cod, steak, 1b. ... Fillets, Ib, Finnan haddie, Ib. Eels, Ib. ........ Haddock, fresh, 1b. Halibut, fresh! Ib. Haddock, frozen, 1b Herring, fresh salt water, doz. Mackerel Oysters, Oysters, t. ell, doz. Salmon, Saguenay, Trout. salmon. Ib, White fish, 1b, .. Suckers, Ib. ..... _ Poultry. Chickens, ™. ... a Chickens, live, 1b. Hens, live, Ib. ... Turkeys, Ib. cee Butter, es e 38 ningiito climb back fo the high prices again. °° . Money is to be made by the selec- tion at this time of foundation; poul- try stock for next year, says N. BE. Chapman, of the University of Minne- Only a limited Jocal trade is be- ng carried on in stockers. Perhaps if price® would reach a more reason- able level Ontario would invest mo- mney in more stock. © > ens that are often off feed, dump- ish, subject to colds. or have been through some infectious disease, not be used as breeders. but ing Butter; roils 1b .. Cheese,lb.. ... .. Eggs, fresh, doz. Fruit, Bananas, doz. .... Cucumbers, each Grapes, Malaga, 1b. Grapes, basket Lemons, Messina, OR vinsarenin Pears, Seakle, pk. Nuts. mixed, 1b. .. Oranges, doz. Vegetables. Beets, bush. Cabbage, doz. .... Celery, bunch Potatoes, bush. Potatoes, bag .... Parsnips, bush. ... Onions, bush. Turnips, bag Grain, $ 40 «05 $0 100 60 Barley, bush. Bran, ton . ...... Buckwheat, bush. . Cory, yellow feed, bush. Corn, cracked,cwt. urn, meal, cwi, Flour, ewt. .... 'Hay, baled, tog Hay loose ....... Oats, local, bush Oats, Man., bush Straw, baled. ton. . Straw, loose, ton Lohy Wheat, local, bush. 85 Hides, Beéf, hides, cured, per I, Beef, hides, green, Ib, Heavy bulls, 1. Veale, green, 1b Deacons, each Kips or grassers, Ib, Lamb and sheep skins up to Horse hides, each, up to Tallow rendered in cakes is to be preferred except in cases where noghing is fed before milking. Rennet works very quickly in sour milk, therefore when making very ripe milk into cheese watch it eare- Tully, and be careful not to over-stir, When over-stirred, even if the milk is not completely spofled, a great loss of fat is sustained. A cheese with- out much fat cannot be rich and mel- low when ripe. . - "The ehiel advantage of pasteuriz- Ik for buttermaking is that all the xerms in the milk are destroyed, both the beneficial and harmful ones, It is necessary that the cream be pro- perly ripened by the lactic geld bac teria, and these are added in the form a pure culture starter. Where the milk or cream pasteurized butter of uniform wath "ean