EAT PAGE TWELVE THE DAILY BRITISH WHIG, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1915. "PAGE # N " "Stormy Petrel" is Delcasse Author of the Triple Entente Germany's Most Dreaded Foe | Has' Served France Well in| Many Capacities--Always Stud. | ied Foreign Politics and Lan. | guages--Began as Journalist-- | A Great Minister of Marine. Theophile Delcasse has' not only. beld the foreign portfolio for a longer period than any .inister since the days of Talleyrand, but his adminis trations at the Qual d'Ossay have been identified with the twc- great national crises in the histury of the Third Republic, one internal and the other foreign--the Dreyfus case and the present war. Incidental y he is * an Anglophile, a Russophile and was one of the moving figures n bringing into. being the Fr.nco-Russian treaty of alliance, the Franco British enten te, and finally the Triple Entente The late Kirg Edward VII. knew him personally and worked wit™ him for Anglo-Frencl. goed fellowship The King's nephew, the Germen 'Kaiser, did not know him, but he once told Prince von Bulow that he was the most dange.ous man in France--from the point of view of -: Prussian Im- perialism Like many other French statesmen, M. Delcasse made his war into pol tics through a newspaper offic From his earliest youth the Chancellories of Europe aid their making of diplo matic history have had a ®-rtain fas i cination for him. He studied inter | national law as he did f.r 'gr jan guages. In 1577 he became fuc2ign! editor of La Republique Francaise He still held that post when he was elected a Deputy in 1889, after a year's service as Conseiller General of Ariege, his native place He was Under Secretary for the Colonies im | the short-lived Depuy Ministry of 1893 | and Colonial Secretary for the two! succeeding vears ! His Long Service i When, in 1898, under Wa deck Rousseau, he became for the first | time Foreign Min.ster, to hold that | office for the unique period of saven | years, the country was in the throes | of the Dreyfus scandal, and the Cab inet was formed to save the country It war called the "Cabinet of 'Republi can Defense," and its members were the foremost statesmen of the day. | who for the work before them laid | aside all political quarrels an? fac tional disputes. In 1901 with the succession of Ed ward VIL, German Imperial ambitfons'} were curbed to such an extent that Wilhelmstrasse began to complain of isolation For four years Delcasse worked to establish The Dual Alliance--betwean Russia and France--vas confirmed in 1902, and, in 1904, the Anglo-Frénch con- vention in regard to Egypt and Mor occo The latter was Wilhelm: strasse's most bitter pill. Germany declined to let France receive a "free hand" in Morocco unless she received compensation. The Algeciras confer ence was thus forced upon France. M. Delcasse declined to let France be represented there, but when he learned that the country was in no | condition to fight, which was the al- 'ernative, he resigned Great Naval Minister ; After he abandoned power In June, 1905, M. Delcasse devoted himself specially to naval questions. At the fall of M. Thomson, the Minister of Marine in M. Clemenceau's Cabinet, in 1906, he was appointed President of the Parliamentary Commission that inquired into the state of the navy. Here he made himself a splendid reputation. and at the conclusion of the commission in 1909 he even charged M. Clemenceau in the Caam- bel with not having done all that was in his power. for the navy and brought about the fall of the Govern- ment, and, in the new Ministry of M. Mounis, he became Minister of Marine. He held this portfolio until 1913, when he was sent as Ambassa- dor to Russia. He had a'most com- pleted a year there when the threaten- ng sitvation in the Balkans caused him to be recalled, and. with the late Count Witte, he was sent on a secret mission to Rome. On his return to Paris France with: drew her troops from the forts on the Italian frontier. On August 26 he entered the Viviani Cabinet to oc- _cupy his old, favorite post as Foreign . Minister. ¢ RAT VERSUS SOLDIER - Most Horrible Experience Described by a Brave Tommy "A wounded soldier who took part | in a great advance on the British front in Flanders described the fol lowing experience to a London Daily Express representative: "It is a curious thing that one of my most vivid recollections of the hours pro ceeding the great attack is concerned with so apparently unimportant a thing as a. rat. 1 was on listening patrol, which, as you know, means creeping as near to the German lines under cover of the night as you can, and listening for every sign of move ment on the part of the enemy. | had reached my post when I discover | ed suddenly that there was a rat squatting a few yards from my face He was wait for me to be dead urance, ERS which of us could keep still long enough. | dared nét make the slight est movement to frighten him away, lest 1 should betray mysell BRITONS, AVENGE ! ry 1 ' fend (The brutal murder of Nurse Cavell 'by the Germans has sent a thrill of hoiror through the {civilized world.) Bert Thomas, in London Opinion relations of | friendship with Eugland and Russia | A A A A A AA AR AAA AA A A ASA A A AAA AA AAA AA AAA A LONDON AS VIEWED ~ WITH HINDOO EYES | Soldier of India is Escorted Through World's Mightiest City-- | Many Marvels Amaze Him---"Underground" Most of All i '~--Has Beheld Enough At certain place we left our motor in the street and entered a small room | full of pictures, wh a Sikh cavalryman, who has enjoyed | when 1 i. Rn roto things the opportunity of seeing London. | began to move, sinking downwards "When we arrived at the station," |into the earth, and suddenl we were he said, "we were taken to a motor | surprised to find ourselves under. car by a sahib whom everybody ad-!ground. | had a very terrible feel dressed as colonel, and wherever we! ing when the room began to go down drove all day the whole of the traffic |for | conld not Lelieve that such was stopped and we were allowed to | things could happen out of dreams. 80 on as not to waste any time, and | "And when we had descended a nowhere was any money paid. {train came towards us with no en. "Sahib, this was a great honor. In| gine. Sahib. how could it move? We Hindustan they do not stop the car | went a long way in the train. and riages of big men to let little men | when we came out. merely by climb- pass. {ing a few steps and without ascend: "And never, sahib, have I seen SO [ing again into the moving room, we many vehicles, great and small. In found we were back. in the same some places four lines of carriages | place where we had left the motor. pass contindally, and 1 did not ob-| Sahib" he concluded, "I have seen serve a single collision in the whole | London and I never wish to see an- day or any jury to the passengers other city."--London Daily Mail. who were walking in the streets. } Tower Bridge's Description i "We were shown the Houses of Parliament and a great bridge which | might be separated into two pieces The Trenches Converted Into a Hive only by pressing a button, also a fort- | of Journalism ress which contained the King's ---- crown and much ancient armor. i 'Quite 'a number of journals are "Near the King's palace there is a DOW published in France, both { great shop which is itself a city, hav- French soldiers and British Tommies. | ing openings into many streets. One-| The "FSR." is, for example, a six- half of this is given over to the mem: | leen-page monthiy magazine 'publish- | sahibs( ladies), who were present in ®d by three "ist Surrey Rifles on ac- | great numbers purchasing clothes. | live Service." "The Lead Swinger" | Every object that, man can desire is 18 the curious title of the paper he- | obtainable here in large quantities, | longing to the West Riding Field Am. { whether it be engines' or merely cot. !bulance. . {ton and thread. There was a room Grey Brigade," the paper of the {in which the sahibs sat reading news-' London Scottish, Civil Service Rifles, | papers and writing letters, and the the Kensingtons, and Queen's West. { Col. Sahib told me that no payment Winsters; the "Pull-Through" of the | was demanded for this. The material Yorkshires; and the "Pow-Wow" of is.free to all who come and go. [the Universities and Public Schools myself was permitted to sit down and | Brigade are those with the largest write a letter to my brother Gunga | ¢irculations Singh, who is in the trenches. For| All these journals are written and this purpose the owner of the Shop edited by the Tommies themselves | gave me cards, on one side of which | And censored by their officers. Their | were pictures of the outside of the circulations run grom 400 to about | shop in which we were gathered. 4.000 : | When. I had written the colonel wrote | Many of them are properly printed in' the English hand the names of | from-type--each regiment has ita own the persons to whom greetings were | printing set--though a few are print- sent and of the places in whieh they 'ed from a "jeliy"-graph. Howover are dwelling. These messages also LEHEeR. though, they are eagsrly were despatched without any money | ped up by the Tommies. being paid. { . Historic Westminster Seen ! "We passed from the great shop to merican Westminster Abbey to see the graves! correspondents now. with the German of all the great generals. After this army recently sen "to his paper an we took our meals in an Indian res: interesting déscription of the special taurant, where all the dishes were | "War train" in which the Kaiser such as are familiar in my own coun jtravels when moving along to differ try and prepared bys Brahmin took. rent parts of his armies. The train {| © "If there is a Paradise in the world, | event which happened was this, | sahib, it is London." 13 Such is the verdict of Jagat Singh, TOMMY AS EDITOR ------------ The War Lord's Train One of the many A war we went to the garden of the animals | armored roofs! as against and saw a tortoise that had lived 800 | air bombs. One of these coaches is years and a snake which could eat specially devoted to. maps, of which a goat And sleep for a month after- | there are over 700, so fixed on rollers wards. and a deer with a neck two! that any ong can be quickly unrolled yards long which could feed off the and studied. Another coach enntains 'branches of high trees, and begides | practically every war book published lions and tigers and camels a mouse | in Eaglish, French, and German. The that could live easily upon the bark [train has a special telephomo which of trees. . 4 can link up with the main lines at tL "But. sahib. the most wondorful | every station. i. i i by | "When we had finished our meal consists of seven coaches, which have Enemy Mobilized 35,000 <= French Train Them For Sentry, Linking and Ambulance Duty Before the war the French made very little use of dogs for military purposes. The Germans began train- ing them for war is long ago as 1885, while the French paid no attention to the subject until a dozen years later, and them only for ambulance work. At the outbreak of the war the Germans had 35000 dogs ready to be mobilized. To-day there are only 1,200 dogs employed along the whole French front. A French author, Aurelien Scholl, | describing German manceuvres, made fun of the o y of ambulance dogs: "Before BGeneral Waldersee there passed In review the Second Bulldog Brigade, the First Regiment of Bow-wows and the Second Regi ment of Imperial Poodles. Dogs over seven years eater the Landwehr, and all those who have their tails in the shape of a trumpet are enrolled in the band." Sheep Pogs Are Cool And Wise "Three classes of dogs are now be- ing used at the front," said Secretary | O. Bert of the French Association for | Training War Dogs to a newspaper | corregpondent. "They are patrol | dogs, linking dogs, and ambulance | dogs," he sald. "The first class are | always of the sheepdog breed, chief: | ly from Picardy or Flanders, and not- | ed for their intelligence and sense of | smell. Their calm temperament, too, | counts. | "The fox terrier also was tried but | his nervous system was found to be | too dg¢licate and highly strung and| Piri tom his temperament is too | excitable The sheepdog's sense of smell is wonderful; he easily detects | the presence of an enemy a hundred | or even a hundred and fifty yards away. Trained in Four Nights **"The training of the dog for sen- tinel and patrol work, when he is always accompanied by soldiers, is simple and speedy. Of course, there is. first of all, a"selection 'of specially intelligent dogs made in Paris, but when the dogs selected have be sent to the front it requires only to nights". teaching to make them fit for their work. The chief difficulty is to make tiem {earn notte bark, but only growl. "Violence is never ued; a tap or two on the head is enough when they start barking. ' "The training of dogs for linking purposes--that is, for keeping two bodies of soldiers in touch with one another---requires two months. The course for an ambulance dog is nearly a year. The ambulance dog. unlike the patrol or linking dog, must be taught to. bark so as to give notice to tire battlefield searchers when he has fougd a wounded man. Some Famous Dogs "In the case of partol and linking dogs there must always be some one whom the dog kmows at the point to which he is tg be sent. The dog must have exceptional qualities if he is to act independently; if.he is to be used, for instance, for dragging a stretcher out to wounded men under fire or small portable kitchens on broad- gauge wheels to men in ap advanced fighting line, or at a listening post. War dogs are recruited from all parts of France: I have already three sons and a son-in-law with the colors; now 1 give my dog--and vive la France!" wrote one father of a family to the Association when offering his dog." Some ambulance dogs are famous. To mention only three: There is "Lou- lou," the gift of the poet Edmund Ros- tand to the French army; "Stop," of the Fifteenth Army Corps, who has saved score of lives, and "Flora" of the Twelfth Alpine Chasseurs, who did linking work for four days run- ning under a rain of shell with re- ceiving .a wound. FOXY FERDINAND | Ferdinand, Czar of Bulgi-ia, is not quite fifty-five years of age. He is a perfumed dandy, with long slender fingers, carefully manicured, and loaded with rings. The Czar loves beautiful palaces and to be surrounded by triumphs of ar'. He owns a very fine natural his- tory museum at Vienna. ° So strong was the belief of Ferdin- and's mother, the Princess Clemen- tine, the dSughter of Louise Philippe, he would one day be a king that she trained him in kingly duties. - He was twenty-six when he ascended the throne.. Formerly, at any. was very fond of English. telegraphed bandy etiquette over the of his sove . It was a snub Fer | extra profits Tommy F inds His Best F riend : - Still in the Sagacious Horse WAR TAXES | Exactly what the tax of one half on all war profits in Britain will yield is;"of course, impossible to say. A certain firm of millers have made a war profit of $1,135,000, while eight Welsh colliery companies have made since the war began ranging from $280,000 to $750,000. It i§ estimated that South Wales coal companies alone will have » yield up $1,500,000 under the tax for the fe mainder of the year. This is nothing, however, compared with what shipping companies will have to pay.: On very good authority, it is asserted that more than $150,000, 000 will be extracted from British shipping alone. And when the extra- ordinary freights which have prevail ed since the beginning of the war are considered, and it is remembered 'that ships purchased since the beginning of the war at very high prices have | paid for their cost in three voyages, this figure, large as it is, would seem | to be pretty near the mark. 1 Millions also will have to be paid to the revenue by clothing and boot manufacturers. huge profits made by oil and petrol | manufacturers In the case of the; Anglo-American Oil Company, which | sells the Rockefeller petrol in Great | Britain, they admit a profit in the last | two years of 44% per cent. or 89 per | cent. on their recent capital of $5,000, 000. There have also been | \ GREY BACKED FRANCE | {a country {done for years at How the Charger Adapts Himself Readily to Terrors of Modern Warfare--High ExplosivE Shells Prove no Terror--Laugh- able Attempts at Painti Our- soldiers at the front have dis- covered many new friends, the birds that perch, in defiance of shells, on | the parapets -of trench and dug-out, and the homely cow that wanders between the lines. But they have, more than anything, re-discovered an old chum, the horse, whose new gquali- ties of unconcern under shell firc and a deeper comradeship at all times form the subjects of many of their letters home. "Horses appear abso-| lutely indifferent to shell fire," writes | & correspondent, and he tells how he has seen them helping in the work of ploughing the fields about Ypres perfectly unconcerned in spite of the | fact that high-explosive shells are] bursting not many yards away The other afternoon 1 stood at a certain: observation post and watched the German evening hate, which is expressed in high explosives. Shells sang wickedly across the field: Down lane came an old farmer jand his horses, tramping' stolidly to the little wooden stable, as they had the close of day. | They never looked up at the sunset sky when a British monoplane was also wending its way home, with balls of shrapnel smoke floating in fits wake, or paused to regard the greater bombardment, just. beyond the next farm. The farmér--and doubtless the horses as well--knew the set pro gramme of the day, and it did not trouble them at all Heard Rifles Click Keen wit and sagacity is another Britain Had Caused French Navy to | Quality that horses show under many Leave the Atlantic As far back as 1912 there was an unofficial understanding between the English and French Governments that "in the event of an attack upon Jpanee by a third power, threatening the peace of Europe, the Pritish and French Governments should at once discuss what take in common." French fleet was concentrated in the Mediterranean; leaving th: French coast unguarded. * Sir Edward Grey referred to this in his speech of Aug. 3, 1914, in the House of Com nons, when he held that England was mor- ally bound to support France because by this unofficial understanding Eng- | land had tacitly acquiesced in the con- | centration of the French fleet in the Mediterranean. On Aug. ¥ Sir Edward announced that the country would defend the French coast, and on the same day King Albert appealed to King George to protect Belgium. Germany d«clar- ed, war on Belgium following the re- jection of her ult'matum and imme- diately invaded Belgian territory, and | England declared war on Germany of Belgium, | followiag the Invasion and promised troops to the number of 160000. On Aug 2 Sir Edward Grey had told M. Cambon, tae French Ambassador, that "if the German fleet comes info the Channel or the I orth Sea to undertake hostile operations against the French coast or shipping, the British fleet will give all the pro- tection in its power." But th. Frenc) did not look upon this as . definite alliance with them. B.P. is Double Handed Not only is he ambidextrous, but Sir Robert Baden-Powell can use his feet equally well. A clever st, le was invited to paint the scenery for the regimental theatre at Simla. "It was not on account of my excellence as a painter," he says, "but op account of the rapidity with which I was able to work at scene-painting owing to niy ambidexterity. It was easy for me to slam away with a paint brush 'in each hand. In this way 1 did the work at double the pace of the ordin- ary painter; the quality may not have | been good, but the quantity was there. I even went so far on occasion as to strap a brush on to each foot, and sitting on a cross-bar between two! ladders. | managed to paint a wood: land scene in record time with four | brushes going at once!" A A A A A measures hey would | Soon after. the; { trying circumstances. A patrol was | keeping its vigil, when the | galloping borses was heard | watchers rang out the "Halt." | response came The patrol eased {over their safety catches and opened | the cutouts of their rifles, the click | of their bolts betokening the possi | bes of what might soon happen. | That glick had a magic effect, as the roar ceased almost instantly. The men of the patrol were astonished to find that the cause of the disturbance The ae a sound of | No | ng Horses Until Invisible to find that the cause of the disturd ance was about a score of horses rideriess. There is one soldier at the rout, Private Blake, who owes many a debt of gratitude to his old cha:ger. "With out exaggeration you : could easily bury a wagon in a hole made hy a 'coahbox." We had to trust to the horses to keep us out of the holes, and I can tell you honestly that | should have been badly hurt more than once if it hag not been for my old charger. Talk about : dog Leing & man's friend. I should? prefer my horse to any dog." At the beginning of the war the mortafity amongst horses was par { ticularly heavy. They served as such {a mark in those summer dhys, stand {ing out in relief against the green of the hedgerows and the gold of the harvest fields. Experience has taught wisdom, and now it is no uncommon thing to see a hore stained a dull green. White horses are not allowed at the front these days, ~nd as) the dyeing of them brown had led to 'woe ful results the new shade was tried Stain That Failed ¢ The other day twenty-four horses of one battery were dyed with a new stain, and, to the delight of oi.cers and men, the rajn seemed to have no bad effect. But one night the horses had a specially hard bit of work to do. They sweated and lathered free- ly, and, to the horror of the drivers, they were a bright green when the morning light fell on them. Some- thing in the stain--the proud inventor keeps its composition secret--had changed its color when mixed with the perspiration of the hard-worked horses. One sturdy little French gunner was heard to express his disgust preety freely whem, as he said, "I saw my horse turn as green as an apple." One can imagine a stampeding band of these horses doing a sideline in "frightfulness" one of these days if they happen to turn their heads in the direction of the German trenches. FRENCH USED PRESS TO BEAT KITCHENER New Light at Last Shed on Con- troversies Over Shortages of High Explosive Shells--Rapid Training of New Officers Cosmo Hamilton, the English dram- atist, who has served as an officer in the anti-Zeppelin service, gives some chatty history of partially-explained features of the war. He says: "The Tommy Atkins of to-day differs from his predecessors. He is sober, intel | gent, and attentive to his duties. His pne object is to defeat the enemy at | i all .cost. The new army has leveled | all class distinctions, and you will | find the son of the Baron sitting side | by side in the trenches on equal foot- | this kind of shells. not do much in itself, but the Muni: tions Department was formed and charge. Lord Northcliffe was a little rough perhaps in. his treatment of Lord Kitchener, but it was not a time for exchanging pleasantries. The life of the nation was at stake and some drastic action had to be taken. "After Sir John French arrived in France he soan realized that the only Way to answer the attacks of the enemy successfully was with high ex- plosives, The Germans had spent forty years in studying war and knew what they were about. French sent to Kitchener six urgent messages for The War Minister is an old fashioned soldier and cannot change his ideas of warfare, which were quite good in his day. He re- ing with the son of a baker. , Six years' training were considered neces- sary by the War Office to make a good artillery officer, but the present war has shown us that more efficient | | officers can' be turned out in six | months: -- In the old days the cadets | !spent about three hours a day in| | studying-and the rest of the time on | pleasure jaunts. Young business men {from banks, law offices, and counting | houses have shown that six months of intense application, backed by a! business education, is superior to the six years' course. Kitchener's Way Obsolete "Kitchener trampled on the news papers, and it is the irony of fate that this is a newspaper war, because it was the newspapers which turned the corner for the allies by forming the coalition government. That did | Loyd George was placed in full plied that he had used shrapnel iu Egypt and shrapnel in South Africa with success and he intended to send shrapnel to France. Von Donop, who was absolutely fossilized, so far as modern artillery was concerned, of course agreed with his chief and nothing was done. French Used the Press aa "Then the Commandérin-Chief of the British forces in t field decided upon & bold stroke and sent for Col { onel Repington, the military eritic of The Times and Daily Mail. Kitchener heard of it and wired to ~rerel ask ing why he had disobeyed his in structions by having a newspaper cor- respondent at the front. To this the General replied that Colonel Reping- ton had come over to France as his personal guest. French showed the Colonel everything that was happen- ing daily on the field, and the two spent a night visiting the irenches and watching the effect of the German shells. Then Repington returned to London and Lord Northcliffe fired the bomb which roused England." Mr. Hamilton sald the troubles in 'the Dardanelles, where two of his Sn 4 J