YEAR 84. NO. 171 KINGSTON, ONTARIO, TUESDAY. JULY 24, FRENGH WORRY ENEMY HAVE BECOME SKILFUL AS TRENCH RAIDERS. Morale of the Troops Continues to Improye as Victory Becomes More Certain, and the Huns Are Not Given Any Rest Night or Day From Attacks of General Petain's Men. ® F the "morale" of troops may be based on the Initiative they dis- play- in face of-the enemy, then " that of the French soldiers at all points of the front must be re- garded as excellent, Three years of the severest kind of warfare has not Jaded them. In fact, the spirit of at- tack has, if anything, Increased among them. The recruits of the younger classes learn quickly to pro- fit from the experience of their ecom- rades who have become veterans and past masters in the art of furnishing Aurprises to the enemy, and after their incorporation into the fighting units in the trenches, where they rapidly acguire the routine of con- tioual watehfulness, they lose no time in demonstrating their desire to carry out some act of individual dar- ing. v Living among them one acquires an unbounded admiration for the un- ceasing activity and virility of the French soldiers of all branches of the service, Even during the inter- vals between 'great attacks and bat- tles, when it would be expected they would be only too eager to seek re- pose and relaxation from the' hard- ships and perils of trench life, there are always to be found daring men among them who voluntarily go out towards the German lines in search of adventure, always 'with the hope of bringing back some prisoners or disturbing the enemy's plans. One outlet for their overflowing activity is the organization of trench raids, in which only a few men com- pose the attacking force. In those minor affairs, whose effect on the general situation at the front is more important than at first would appear, singe théy harry the enemy and keep him constantly guessing and worry- ing as to what may follow, the French soldiers have become expert, and they rarely return to their trenches without some prisoners and some valuable information us to conditions in the opposing liges, The commander of the army is not consulted as to the carrying out of these raids, Each colonel of a regiment has the final word as to whether his men shall take the rigk, and the 8 take good care net to discourage thelr men from dis- playing their individuality, The problem of overcoming the nstwork of barbed wire protecting the front lines of fhe enemy's posi- tion presented difficulties at the be ginning of the campaign, but artil- lery 'has now acquired the mastery of that obstacle, and as a consequence the enemy no longer finds himself in security" behind it. All the French + eolonel wants to know, when a rald is about to be undertaken, is the hour at which it is intended to start, A few minutes suffices to make pene- tration by resolute Infantrymen pos- sible. ! outbreaks of artillery fire are so frequent that the enemy often' pays no core attention to them thin to veturn some shells, while the iroops manning his front trenches seek shelter in their dug- outs until the shower of steel has stopped. The enemy's uncertainty as to what is to happen frequently leads to his undoing, for before he has made up his mind that the French guns |al bave decided to cease firing and that it is safe to come out from the shel- ters again he finds Freneh soldiers leaping Into the trenches and throw- ing grenades into the mouths of the dugouts whe callin their oc cupants to strrender. or " hesitation means a further volley of grenades and almost certain severe injury or death to those inside. Therefore hey shout "Kamarade!" throw down thelr arms and come out to be chased before their captors back through the broken netwgrk of barbed wire to the French lines. In one division © the regiments made a specialty of surprise trench raids and acquired almost unbeliey- able skill in carrying them out al- most without loss to themselves. One regiment in the course of a month, .had to ity eredit tem such raids, as a result 'of which, besides killing many enemies, they captured fiftysthree rman prisoners, with- aut the loss of a single Frenchman. The French and German lines are so close that a raid rarely takes more than ten minutes--just the time to race across the open, make the haul of prisoners and race back with thém again, = Night or day makes no difference---the main idea is to go over the top and get back 10 the French lines with the prison- ers after causing aj much damage as possible before the Germans have time to throw iu reinforcements te their front trench. t : The Two Bishops. ' The present Bishop of London ¢: tes & humors experience ben he was Bishop of Stepney. He was showing & colored bishop over bis diocese, and the people they recogni THE MEDDLESOME WREN, Something About a Bird 'That All |. Canadians Know. . Late ome -afternoon when I was busy in the garden pear the end of the vineyard where there was a bird-box, 1 suddenly heard the loud, emphatic note of a bluebird mingled with the chiding cackle and chatter of a housewren. I saw the bluebird dive savagely at the wren and drive him into a currant-bush, where he would scold and "sass back," and then break out ip a shrill, brief song. Presently a female oriolé came and Joined the bluebird in persecuting the wren, which answered back from its safe retreat in the bushes with harsh chatter and snatches cf tantal- izing pong. The bluebird took up his stand on the grape-post- that sup- ported the bird-box in which the wren bad a nest, and from this out- look he grew eloquent ir his denun- elation of wrens. His loud, rapid voice and the answering, cackle of the wren attracted the attention of their bird neighbors. Four robins came, one after another, and perched on the tops of surrounding posts, silent but interested spectators. A male oriole came, a cat-bird came, two song-sparrows came, and then a male goldfinch perched near by. The birds were evidently curious to know what. all this altercation was about--very human in this respect. After the bluebird had eased his mind a little about wrens, he drop- ped down to the box, and, clinging to the entrance to the nest, looked in. Instantly the wren was on his back, scolding excitedly. The bluebird turned to seize him, but was not quick enough, and there was a brown streak, with a blue streak close behind it, to the nehrest cur- rant-bush, in which the wren again chattered and sang in derision. The bluebird again resumed his perch above the nest and was louder and more emphatic than ever in his pro, tests, It was really very amusing to see the bluebird stand up so straight there on the post, like a stump orator, delivering his phillipie against the wren. His whole Jhearing and tone expressed indignation and an outraged sense of justice, I fancied him saylag: "My friends and neighbors, I want to bear wit- ness 'before you of the despicable character of this chattering, skulk- ing, Impudent house-wren. He is an intolerable nuisarce. - He croases my path daily, Every honest bird hates him. He fills up the boxes hé eannot occypy with his rubbish, and assaults me if I look into them and criticize his conduct. He is sly and meddiesome, and a distirber of the peace. - He has the manners of a blackguard and the habits of a thief and a despoiler. . His throat and tongue are brass, and his song is as harsh as the twigs he makes his \ of. I ask you to join me in puttin him down." His audi nee listened and looked on with interest, T will not say with amusement, The humor of the situation probably appealed to me alone. The birds were only | anxious to find out if a possible com- mon danger threatened them all. But to me the situation had an element of comedy in it, and made me laugh in spite of myself, * Camnda's Eligible Men, Sir Edward Kemp recently made public figures showing the number of men in Canada available from the ages of twenty to forty-fve, accords' ing to the 1911 census, Widowers and divorced men are included as single, and those whose conjugal condition is unknown are classi as married, It is estimated by | Government that the increase in the male population between the 'ages mentioned since 1911 is between three and four hundred thousand. As approximately this number has bee ready recruited, the figures of 1911, it is thought, reflect rather closely presint conditions as a whole, though changes bave wun- doubtedly occurred in individual Provinces, A Between. the of 20 and 45 there were 760,453 aingle men and 823,006 married. By Provinces they were divided as follows: Provinces. 'Single. Married. Zy ~ 8,061 Nova Scotia .... 42.667 New Brunswick . 28,056 DEC .. oo oo. 143.540 Ontario .. ..' +. 243,060 Manitoba 55,999 . 81,314 64,263 89,729 -3,062 722 classes 18 - 45,984 iv sans -fairly with the United States, all the from the slackness in Quebec, how the first Canadian contingent were {tire mobile army of 'the 'United 'them in the throes of an attack was Thinks Camis Has Done Wonders § ITH the exception of & snarl from the Hearst papers to the effect that Canada ought' to have conseription in order to do ber share newspaper comment in the American press concerning Cagada bas been highly complimentary. Most of the commentators, indeed, seem to think that we have dobe wonders. One of the la.est American 'writers to visit this country was Mr. W. O. Me- Geeban, of The New York Tribune staff. He observes that the only ele- ment not flocking to the colors are the French-Canadians, and he Is amazed that this should be 30. Apart ever, he has nothing but praise for what Canada has done and is doing. Some extracts from his article are of interest. 'Two months after Great Britain entered the war Canada sent to Eng- land its first contingent, a division of 33,000 men, These had been raised by voluntary enlistment, and were fusly equipped and partly drilled in six weeks. One of the battalions in this division was the Princess Pa- tricia's Light Infantry. About twenty men of the original battalion are alive to-day. This division alse included the 13th and 14th Battal- fons, from Montreal. These were the regiments that held Lheir ground under the first gas a'tack at Ypres, To mateh Canada the United States in July should have on the way to France over 400,000 men. In two and a balf years it should raise 6, 000,000 men. "The speed with which Canada re- sponded .to the first call is even more remarkable than its numerical show- ing. Great Britain entered the war on August 4, 1914. Canada at that time had a nominal standing army, which was shipped to Bermuda. On or about October 14 there left from a port in Canada the first division of 33,000 'men. By December the 'Princess Pats' went into action. Jn February of 1915 practically all of in thie trenches and more battalions were on the way overseas, = At the outbréak of the war Canada was as utterly unprepared as any part of the British Empire, - The railroads were not prepared to carry troops for mo- bilization and there was no military transports. But in two and a half months an army twic: the size of Pershing's punitive expedition -- the way, is almost the en- was raised, equipped, train- to the front. The been organized for the transportation of troops and suffi- cient shipping to carry the division overseas had been commandeered. Red tape was slashed and the ob- structionists were silenced." Mr. McGeehan thinks that the soul of Canada shines most serenely at the University Guild at Ottawa, where men who have been so injured at the war that they are unable to return to their former occupations are being prepared for other work. Many of these returned : soldiers have been gassed, and to look at heart-rending. One man who had béen twice wounded told him that he 'would like to go back again "to have another crack at the Huns," when 6ne almost hopeless case, a vie- I ARR y and | == tim of gas, muttered, "'I hear those |= shells again," his companion replied, "Oh, buck up!" and that, says the writer, is the spirit of Canada. The |= work at Ottawa is in charge of Lieut. T. B, McCallum, rmerly lectyrer on philosophy at MaGill. 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