f - GERMANY WILL SLOWLY RECOVER If the Alles Do Not piss Too Haid Conditions, RECOVERY WIL BE HARD _BUT CAN BE MADE IF GERMANY © GETS £ CHANCE. Count Max Von Monteglas Says That the Allies Need to Alleviate 'the Blockade to a Certain ¥x- tent, ce (Canadian Press Despatch) Berane, Jan. S.---Germany slowly recover from the disasters wrought by the War and will in time regain Hs place among th» na- tions of the world, but in a demo- cratic, not a monarohical spirit, ac- cording! to Count Max Von Mont- gelas, formerly in charge of Ameri- can affairs in the Foreign Office at 'Berlin and now German minister to Switzerland. "This recovery," he said to-day, "will be endlessly hard and will re- quire every ounce of German discip- line, but it can be accomplished" in case the entente nations give Gery many & sporting chance. That is, to alleviate the blockade sufficient- ly to permit Germany to pursue her fisheries as formerly and not to im- pose suffocating industrial and eco- nomic conditions such as the oecou- pation of the territories west of the Rhine." penn HOW AIRPLANES GREW Hl IN THE WAR Conflict Found ith Less Than Hundred. Opening + Britain One v panna London, Jaa: 6. ~The declaration of war by Great Britain at midnight, Aungyst 5th, 1914, found the Royal Flying Corps with only four squad- rons in being, representing well una er 100 airplanes. Three of those sauadrons went instantly to France, A new squadron followed these pion- eers in about ten days' time, while _ a fifth squadron, mobdiliéed and sent out in twenty-four hours, reached the fighting zone about the middle of ember. In. Ahons early days of | machines were ithe war, wsad simply Sor strategical reconnaisance. It was not until atter the battle of 'the Afenc 'when settled line warfare was es tablished, that artillery fire cottrol from the air, and the cruder forms of co-operation with the infantry were practised and developed. As late as June, 1915, ordinary rifles with shorfémed barrels were carried by British pilots, and hand- grenades were flung. at enemy avi- ators in the air. The development of formation fighting and the evolution of aerial gunnery dates fram about this time when. the machine gun became an essential part of the equipment of fighting pints. and observers, WERE Fug NAKED NTO INTO MORTUARY British "Prisoners Off Rn in Ding Camp. . London, Jan. 6.--The terrible con- ditions existing in the British prison- ers' camp at Pachim, Mecklenburg, "are described by Sefton Delmer, the aily Mail's special correspondent in Berlin, who Visited the camp. He he ourly waiting to go to tor the voyage homa, are dying off rapidly from influenza. The Garman ductor leaves the camp Christmus fighting influenza with their bare hands, so to say. On the day after Christmas the British were asked to furnish a party and found 17 dead men lying as they had been flung nto | : _ All had been shirts, and vere will | nature | -{eording © {Poles would $ Bort and all'of northern Germany. Tmasor ALBERT STROUD Few Compaints Made to Him| With Regard to Treatment Aboard. St. John, N.B., Jan. 6.-- {C.P.OS. liner {Saturday with 81 officers, 454 other ranks, and 397 civilians, mostly sol- diers' wives and children, a canvass of the third-class passengers, com- prising soldiers and wives, ed comments Yegarding accommoda- tion, food and general treatment raging from enthusiastic praise to scathing indictments The major- ity "of the men interviewed by a To- ronto Star representative, 'however, declared themselves perfectly satisfied, and their state- ments were borne~ -out 'by the assertion of Major A. M. Stroud, Kingston, officer commaadipy tne troops, that the only occupants | made tc hin concerned small mat- |ters, and that all but those of one 'had been fixed up to the [entire ssiisfaction of the men. The lene. cage for protest that was not removed was the fact thai husbands and wires could net be quarterel together. . The majority of >the wives aud childgen travelis 'class. and many of them who had never h:ufore made a 'similar trip were vehement in their denuncia- tion 'of their treatment. After the first day a messing of ficer was appointed, who remniied in the men's messing quarters throughout the whole course of the meals. Few complaints were made to them, according to Major Stroud, and none were made that were not of small import and easily rectified. If the men stated they had not re- geived enough food, he stated, they were given more. guality were fully these were very the commander, solliers' ¢ third investigated, few, according to asim Po ENGAGED Man Who Was With Capt. Castle When Killed. New York, Jan. 6.--It is reported that Mrs. Vernon Castle is engaged to. be married to Tom Powers, of the Royal Air Force, but now ap- pearing in 'Oh Boy, in London. Mr. Powers' was! a. friend of the late Capt. Vernon 'Castie, and was stationed at. Toronto with the Air Force for a while, but went to Texas with Capt. Castle, and 'was training there when Castle was killed., Later he went to France, and there he was injured "in action and' inyalided to London. ATT TT MRS. © ASTLE To a OENBRAL SiR H. 8 HORNE One of the famous British command- ors, THE GERMANS ARE TO DEFEND BENTSCHEN The Polish Commander Sent an Ultimatum to the Ger- man Defenders. Press Despatoh) 6.-- Polish troops have occupied the railway statien at Chrgschaik, four riles from Bentsohen, and have sent an ulti- matum to the German commander in the Iatter place, demanding that he surrénder. The demand has been rgfused, and the Germans will defend Bentschen 'at all costs, ac to. the Tageblatt. Bent schen is a town near boundary be- tween the provinces of Posen and Brandenburg, and is about forty- three miles ggouth-west of Posen. The capture of Bentschen by the be most serious for {Capadian Berlin, Jan. to the Poles CAME BY TUNISIAN, When the | Tunisian arrived here unearth- | Kieks regarding|- but | vatican Satarday was regarded ONTARIO, MONDAY, JANUARY 6, 1919, LAST "epiTioN CANADA'S NEW AERIAL ROUTES { r~" 3° > = eX. | | I COR oy WILSON VISTS POPE BENEDICT To Hear the Roman Pontiff's Attitude Towards fhe Peace Peace Settiment. WITH ITALIAN GOVERNMENT ON ESSENTIAL POINTS. The * American President's Visit a "Byccess--Wilson Didi Not Visit the Methodist "dllege in Rome, Paris, Jan. 6.--President Wilson and the BHalian Government have gached a complete agreement on es- il points of the peace settle thon "declared to-day. The despatch catd is understood that the Presi- dent's visit to Italy 'already is a snc- cess, S------ " Visit To Pope Important. Rome, Jan. 6.--The visit of Presi- dent Wilson to Rope Benedict at tie as one of the most important events of the President's Italian visit. It was believed that a clear understanding would be reached - regarding the chiirch's attitude toward vital prim- ciples of the peace Previous to his a Pope the -President c: Cardinal Gasparri;, Pa Sécretary of State, regarding certdin angles of political subects that were later tak- en up with the Pontiff. Hessen Didn* . Visit Methodist College. 6---It is, commented th hat Wilson chose to ac- cept the invitation of the Protestant e with the erred with One of the great outstanding fig~ ures in American public and polidi- cal life has passed away in the per- son of "Theodqre Roosevelt, ex-pre- sident of the United States. is was a rare and most attractive per- sonality. The versatality of the man wag remarkable. Whether as a writer, a sportsman, an orator, a political leader or a soldier he showed 'the characteristics of a fear- jess and determined leade Above all, he was a fighter, "frym the drop of the hat," as he himseil might have expressed it. Outspok- en, vigorous and resolute inthis pur- pose, he was a stout and able cham-] pion of any cauSe he espoused. | There Was .néver any doubt as to ald cut com- i ah here Tipeodore Roosevelt any question. - {i was these distin. guishing attributes that won for REACHES AN AGREEMENT tan or Earn, Somes ia him the homage of a great peopie|bod rie de me ey Ce = SUE Eww es TZ > The airways by which the centres of trade and commerce wu ve conpecied mn iuwre. I"ostal and ex= press acroplanes and passenger machines will follow thesé routes above the clouds. Episcopal ehureh, of which Mrs. Wil- son is a member to receive the Pro- testant bodies there. He took this course in counsel with his advisers, planning not to visit thg Methodist College, the visit so which by former President Roosevelt a few years ago, it is recalled, gave ridge to such ex- tended discussion. BRITISH TO RACE BARTLETT TO POLE Declare That Their Air Route Eleven Hundred Miles Shorter . nn London; Jan. 6. Capt. Bartlett is to have serious competition in his airplane expedition to the North Pole, Salisbury Jones of the British Northern Exploration Company, gave an outline of the British plans for a similar expedition. "There is ho good reason why the flight shouldn't be made,' he said. "We propose to launch our expedi- tion next April, and plan to send knows uns oh a Bencta | ry for comfort, wil mit the should be made as comfortably as in a Pullman car. going via Spitzbergen, . 'whereas Capt. Bartlett has announced his in- tention of going,by way of North Greenland. That means his jump- ing off ground will be about 2,000 niles away, while ours will be eunly 900. "Captain Wild, who was second in command of Shackléton's South Pole expedition, is now superintend- ing arrangements for our enterprise. The Londonefs are confident that the trip from Spitzbergen to the pole can be accomplished in about nine hours. The American Jegation at Stock: holm has transmitted a note to thé Swedish Government authorizing the export of food to the Swedish colonies in Berlin, Hamburg, men, Stettin and Lubeck. - France had 1,208 fighting ships An service when the war ended. THE LATE THEODORE ROOSEVELT ardent champion of the Allies, and did much by both: word and pen to bring the United States into line in the fight fop world freedom. The loss of his eldest son, who sleeps m a flower-decked grave in France, was a hard blow to the soldier Yath- BF ie The late president's politica! "he was el- Leof, the in 1881, where he soon 'made a name for himself as an honest and fear- Jess politician. Later he did good] 'work as one of the police commis | was appointed of the savy, position whieh he re signe. about twenty men. Any one he e journey "We will have a big advantage in| Bre- | sloners of New York. In 1897 ho fd assistant {sident sat op most of COL. ROOSEVEL DIED IN Si ExPresident of Unied Stats. Passed Away Aer Short Hess. SUFFERED ~ AN ATTACK INFLAMMATC RY RHEUMAT- ISM ON NEW YEAR'S DAY, And Had Been Confined to Bed-- Mrs. Roosévelt Found Him Dead OF : ¥ THE LATE THEODORE ROOSEVELT New York, Jan. 6.--Col. Thao- dore Roosevelt died at his home at Oyster Bay this morning. His pass- ing came as a shock to the people of the .United States, for it: was not known he was seriously ilk The news of the death of the former President was received here by Miss Josephine Striker, the colonels secretary, in a telephone message from Mrs. Roosevelt. Miss Striker said that the colonel had suffered at attac® of inflammatory rheumat- ism on New Year's day, and had since been more or less confined to his room. wi : epi 5 Died in His Sleep, {Canadian Press Despatch) Oyster Bay, Jan. 6§.---4Col. Theo- dore Roosevelt died in his sleep at his home on Sagamore Hill in this : is believed to have ijsateism,. which af- The colonal suf- and sciatica on New Year's. day, but none believed that his illness would fatal; -- The Yormer Pre- unday and retired at eleven o'clock last night. Several hours Sater. about 4 am. was he. only of the family at Oy- ster Bay, Trent io her husband's room and féand Yat. he» had died during the night. Two of the ecol- | na Major Theodore velt, are and Kermit Roose phroad. THE WORLD'S TIDINGS IN BRIEF FORM Tidings From All Over Told in a Pointed and Pithy Way. AH the London press urge an early peace conference to stave off general anarchy in Europe. The German War Office reports that thirty thousand are marching orf Berlin German Socialists will attend the International Socialist Conference dendes Poles 4 in Lausanne, Switzerland, Mother's pensions are not far "dis tant. Sir William Hearst states the matter is under consideration-in Ot- tawa.. " Lloyd George has dissolved the British Ministry. Admiral Beatty will be first sea lord of the admiral- ty. Secretary Daniels has expressed himself as being personally opposed to sinking surrendered German war- ships. Radical measures have been taken in.Berlin| against the Bolshevists. Radical socialists have resigned from the cabinet, ™ Grand Trunk Railway System traf- fic earnings from Dee. 22nd to 31st, 1918, $1,866,004; 1917, $1,611,295; increase, $354,709. The German Government. has in- structed its armistice counnmnission at Spa to request the Allies to release ail interned Germans. President Wilson, speaking before thé Italian Chamber of Deputies, re- itérated his view that independence of racial peoples myst be assured. W. F. Massey, Premier of New Zealand, and -Sir J. C. Ward, "min- ister of Finance, passed through Panama Canal enroute to London, Cathal Brugha, newly elected Sinn Fein member of Parliament, was under arrest at Dublin, Satur- day. The chasges Were not made public. * John C. Thyme, man and John C. Laing, evaders of the Military Service Act, were sen- tenced at London to {two-year terms in penitentiary. * Gen, Stenger, former German in- fantry commander, is accused by former soldiers of his command of ordering atrocities in occupied French territory. French steamship France, which sailed Saturday from Néw York, car- ried a battalion of Poles, number ing 1,554 men, recruited inn America for the Polish army. The Belgian Minister of Justice an- nounces that al foreigners of en- emy origin who had relations with the Germans during the war will be expelled from Belgium. Only three of the seventeen nomi- nees for -the Amherstburg Council ed ific n papers. and an- {5 necessary to fill ing three Notary Plamondon, obec, for 'many years active.in anti-vice cam- paigns, confessed to fhe theft of $2,- 000, which he retained out of $10,- 000, saying he was a victim of hard times. The editor of the Tokio Herald of Asia expresses regret at the tone prevailing the views made public} there lest e western powers con- spire to deny Japan a fair share of the spoils of war, The U.S. Congress was asked ;by President Wilson Saturday, in a mes- sage transmitted throtgh the State Department, to appropriate a mil- lion dollars for the relief of fam- ine sufferers in western Russia, Po- land and Ausatia-yiungary, Robt. A. Lamp- MENNONITES RAISE $60,000. For a Soldiers' Orphans' . This Province, Toronto, Jan. 6.---The Mennonites in Ontario had conscientious - objec- tions to war and they had more or less treaty or convention rights with our government ha EA be called on to do military service The Ottawa government recognizea their clajms in a modified way. Some' "months ago the Mennonites in their chupches in Ontario ana through their ministers began raising a fund to turn over to the govern- ment for some charitable; war pur- pose as a mark of their appreciatiin of Canada recognizing their claims on the government in this respect, They have raised $60,000 and they will mest here in a few days to decide on Home In of them would like to see the money go toward a national home for the orphans of Canadian soldiers killed in the war. After their conference here. next week a delegation may be sent tp Ot- tawa to take the matter up with the} government, GEN. JOSEPH PILSUDSKI DECLI (Canadian Press Despatch) . Warsaw, Jan. 6.--Ignace Jan Padérewski has found that General Joseph Plisudeki, Polish military dictator, will not give: wp his an- thority in Poland at ithe present The two Polish leaders have the form of the offéring. A number|. ou ILL HOLD BACK ON PEACE TERMS Nothing Has | ea Done ily Towards Negotiating Peace. NO EXCHANGE OF IDEAS IN GENERXL WAY HAS YET TAK- IN 'PLACE. No Date Even Set.For the Peace Conference--All "Solutions" Are Declared Premature, 3 Paris, Jan. 6.--The vations bureaus are continuing to rolect data, pre pare maps and draw up detalled pro- jects, various statesmen are continu ing to make speeches demobilizing obstacles, some 1 never existed, and President Wilson is continuing his series of visits to the Allied countries, ahd conversa- tions with Allied statesmen. Yet nothing whatever ha$ been done to- wards officially negotiating peace." There has been no general exchange of ideas. Bach nation seems to be wafting, nervously to learn the programme of the others before advancing their own. The excuse given by each na- tion for these delays 4s 'that the oth- ers have mot yet officially appoint- ed their delegates. Yet everyone knows, more or less, who these dele- gates are going tojbe. No Date Set Yet. The newspapers say that the con- ferences will begin Jan. 13th, but the American delegates deny that any date has been set. They say they have iAried to hastey events, but without avail. . There are a whole sorfes of questions such as the de- liminétion of the new frontiers, which should mot -be hurried, but there are other -questions such as intervention in Russfa, measures to check the spread of Bolshevism and measures to c¢hnoek the race wars now raging in Mastern Europe which require urgent action. Nevertheless the Al- lies have pot even adopted a pre- gramme of) procedure. france ( proposed a programme some wool: 151 Se when Ther will he compared and a oint programme agreed upon. il "Solutions Premature." The American delegates belidve that the question of progedupé can be settled quickly once everyone is ready to begin. 't is hoped this will be as soon as President Wilson returns from Italy but nothing is cer- tain as two other Presidential trips have been planned for the mear fu- ture, one to Belgium and one through the devastated regions: ( Meanwhile anyone wibio thinks he has a solution seéady for any one of the problems of world reorganize. tion may consider himself weeks ahead: of the peace conference. NOT A mas LEFT. OF BAGDAD GUARD Were interned red by the Turks When the W War Broke v ' 2 b LICE who was a prisoner in ker gave an account of the térrible hardships and cruelty inflicted upon British prisoners by the Turks. Describing the march from Kut-el-Amara to Bagdad, the officer says the prisoners were driven like sheep along the des- ert: ways. - They were denied food, were short of water, and the Turks refused to allow them to rest. They were bayoneted or clubbed iT they stopped and were struck with raw- hide whips when they faltered. Roughly ing, according to the officer, from seventy-five to eighty-five per cent. of the British rank and file in Turkey died. One "ii Knut-el-Amara are now alive. battery surrendered 117 strong; elev Other batteries are aimost in the same condition. One regiment marched out of Kut-el-Amara 300 strong, of whom only fifty-three are now living The British Consiilar guard at Bagdad before the war consisted of two Indian officers amd thirty-five men. When the war broke out they were interned in perfect physical condition, All of them are déad TRIED TO EXTERMINATE : : Exposes the = "ods En : "by the ge a Fo 1 Salonika, Jan arm Bey, for- mer prefect of K Tas the meaner is which | Greeks and Armenians of Asia Minor wore being extermingted. Nazim Bey adds that one of the methods ? these was done by order of the Turkish Serarunens 'B.R, Ima Cleaver resigned ERE of which perhaps age, but it. was not suf- »