4 erected THE HISTORY OF FIUME CITIZENS HOLD ¥. FAST TO THEIR ITALIAN BIRTHRIGHT. Which Almost Canged a Split Among the Allies at the Peace Conference Has Known Rulers, .But Persecution Could Never Kill Its National ITuoclina- tions. v 5 City Many 'OW that the flurry of inter- national policy and internal politics over. Fiume has be- gun to subside it is worth while to review the fascinating story of that port. Some settle- ment was there in Roman times. Early 1814, while a couple of houses were being torn down, there to light some Roman masonry, hidden under the wreckage of a great fire, which the local antiguaries at oncé suspected to be the burning of Fiume by the Venetians in 1509. Coins of Valentinian and other fourth century Roman emperors were found ancient in in the .debris. and in agnothéf spot | - still others were picked, back to the end of up, going the Roman her this" Roman tagwn was the ca," which 'the geographer sets at the mouth of the the Phanas, which the sev- contlidry cosmographer of Ra- venna says was "'near Tharsactica, wt the point where the Julian Alps wome down to the sea and form the dast bound of Italy," has been. long debated. | At any rate, there was a oO § thriving little town\here before Ven- - ice had risen from her lagoons. The Franks, who drove the Venetians out Ato. found their new sity at Rialto, wiestroyed Tharsactica in 800-- Charlemagne's vengeance on the in- habitants for their murder of Henry of 'Frioul; and the name of Fiume mppears, in its Latin form--"Terra dicitur Flumen," or "Terra en," or "Terra Fluminis Sancti for the River of St. Vitus gave name to the town, which has pre- he Italian form. When the Slav wave of about 650 flowed over all this region, there be- gan the struggle between the Latin- dtalian and Serbo-Croat languages, iwhich has lasted ever since. Prob- mbly nowhere else does the local Italian dialect contain sO many Sta? words, or the speech of the SI £0 fargo an Its gonsanls show ocabulary Elsewhere on the east- fern Adriatic shore, Yentee was dom and the constant presence of | Venetian functionaries kept the dia- | lect of Rialto itself both fashionable | Anant, and necessary; but Fiume and Ven- ice were always hostile. In 1291 Venice declared war on Fiume and notified all Venetian traders to leave the in 13499, in 1509 and 1511 Fiume was sacked by the tiapsg who neyer held it, however, but tlie one year 1508-09. Latin remained the language of the municipality till well into Re- naissance times; the communal cde was not translated into Italian until 15630, although we have an official price list of fish in Italian from 1475. From then on, it is a constant fight to maintain Italian, closely interwoven with the political in ¥iclssitudes of Fiume that we must | examine them first. In the feudal period the city was | subject to the hishops of Pola and | the lords of Duino, beyond Trieste; | a century later than Trieste it was | handed over to the House of Austria, and in 1523 was definitely assigned | but | even then it maintained an almost | and was .soon | to the Province of Carniola; complete autonoiny, inte" a iiny independent state. Charles VI sent a special invi- tation to Fiume lo ratify the Prag-| matic Sanction. That, however, avail- ed them nothing. Maria Theresa, porters against Prussia, made them & present of Flume in 1778. The original "edict and in 1779 the Empress issued a yescript annexing Fiume to Hungary | "separatum | sacr@ regni corona annexum cor- ms an independent unit * pus." This precious document was Fi-'| me's Bill of Rights against tie an- | hexationist tendencies of the Croats, Who looked longingly at the city and | little 4ts harbor from across the stream which still forms the bound- ary. In 1848 their efforts were epowned with temporary success. Kossuth's Hungarian revolution had been stified by Mapsburg troops, ably seconded by the famous Ban -of Croatia, Jellachich, who came to the rescue of despotism with his Croatian legions. ume "with Croatian soldiers, promising to respéct the municipal Institutions and the use of Italian. But the Croats were hardly establish- | ed when they began a Slavizing cam- Paign. In vain the Town Council ap- | pealed to Francis Joseph against the | . &, supplanting of Italian in the schools by Croatian. The editor of the Gaz- zotta di Fiume had to go te prisom | In 1862 for a yedr for his defence | of the rights of Italian. Neverthelosa the citizens kept up their use of their | native tongue, and feeling ran so high that when Bishop Strodsmayer, the great protagonist of Serbo-Croat | literary unity, entered the city once .at the head of a procession he was | met with showers _of stones. "in the Croatian Diet at Agram. At he first election, out of a list of 1,202 'ed "'Nessuno'--- Nobody." Finally, in 1377, a legal election took place; X35 "voters desighated Deputies for Fiume, but every ballot added the wordls: "To protest against ahy an- jexation to Croatia or any depend- | ence upon her." Under these circumstances the | Italians of Fiume looked to distant | Budapest for salvation; better remote | Huugary than Croatia next door! | Bat Hungarian domination proved worse than Slav; the Magyars used even severer methods of denationali- | sation in Fiume than did the Aus | trians in Trieste. In 1880 there were only 739 Hungarians in Fiume; the | 'official census of 1910 made them '$;000 in number (15,000 Croats, Sio- | © ¥enes, Slovaks, ete.! 27,000 Italian residents of Flume, 4,000 Italian sub- of Italy, 2,000 Germans, ete.) ; t that was not the workt. The | Budapest authorities manipulated the Gow, > Toronto. Sample box tr oir a Yokohama, acco Yeting lists ater the most approved, ple box pole id : Vene- | but that is so | in | her gratitude to her Hungarian sup- | lumped Fiume with | Croatia; the Town Council protested, | On Augusti31 his subordin- | * mte, Joseph Bunjevats, occupied Fi- | after | ® | citizens likewise réfused to take ad- 'yantage of the offer of representation | _ qualified voters 870 cast their baliots, but 840 of these were mark« ET a meet mt ane o--But- stihl or Hungaria man menace ! been consi ural powt t came cl day be tion to I fact that Vienna th bor has g therefore, to Hungary tria and Germar no need to act could be counted man imperial .- AI Croats, who have bes supporters of the during the war. So Fiume was marke : many"s eventual prize, tian sovereignty if ne the war At onc ian Government put severest measures--a portation--and openly by the close of the war not have a Single would be Ju It is qui K 10~ ceed in abiar the population pre vailingly Croatian, though the Ital ian. Town Counci il still hold s control n the staunchest Hapsburgs, ther and the continaunce of thé low freight given by the Hungarian State } ways (0 encourage export through Fiume; even so, it was Sheapes k | fore the war'to ship Hungar downs {he Danube and ott by Black Sex, or up the Da be, or by "the State Railways to Germ than by Fi what econw brot t about b in soutl eastern £1 1a der that the citisens of Fiume rave held fast to their Italiar right ull these centuries, are asserting their own indepenglence as against their oppressors of the the Croats and the Hungarians see their only comfort in the fit which Mazsini declared tliat {| belong? » ope? urope? and aly to they Hun. Ber- ssion athe- one of Kaiser Joké on the A droll story comes from lin newspapers. In the last of the Workmen's Council at R | now, in Mark Brandenburg, the members drew attention way in which the farmers had been fleeced by a man who gave himself out to be a special messenge f the ex-Kaiser., Well dressed and « ing a fine car, he appealed to t} ers to send through him pa: food to their "starving Em touching short commons on wt the Dutch, tKe. instigation the his woebegone and hungry master. "The Kaisor begged his Mark Brandenburgers to send | him a litte food." The trick always worked, and the car drove off loaded with eggs, flour and ham in the direc- tion of Amerongen. 1s of ror." In bed the ino doubt at Entente, kept One Was Enough, "You love my daughter?" old mah, 'Love her!" he exclaimed, passionately. "Why, I would die.for her. Far one soft glance from those sweet eyes I would hurl myself from yonder cliff and perish -- a bruised | mass upon the rocks two hundred feet below." The old man shook his head. "I'm something of a liar my- self," he said, "and one is enough for a small family like mine." said the Venow' Flytrap. That such plants as' "Venus' fly trap' actually catch und squeeze to death flies and. other alight- { ing on their leaves has long been known, but the discovery is compara- tively recent that the plants digest the softer: parts of their prey means of peptic ferment scereted by | the leaves. These are real instances of plants feeding upon animals. insects Corea Abolishes Ore Royalties. By a decree of the Government, the Corean niining ordinance--has been amended so as to eliminate the | royalty on gold, silver, lead and iron ores or alluvial gold and alluvial iron. 'The exemption of royalty will | not apply, however, to special mining concessions that were granted before the date of the mining ordinance. Shortage of Houses. Hogses and apartments sedm to be gearce in cities on the other 'side of the Atlantic as well as here, as a re- | sult of @ suspension of building | during t ! From a British weekly: Lady--How was it you lost your job? Tramp-- | | Well, mum, I was a nartist, I was-- | used ter paint them "To Let" notices. | eeks | Yes, | From a Christiania {Norwa "Have you a room t | but I entertain application only | night editors who are out all d ® -- Po not po | eats in the United' States. red ine Piles. PILES: = By per ons nb and as certainly Fou dealers, or Edmanson, es & i past, to the. rm- | by A e war. Here are two hum- | | orour indications of the shortage. | There are more than 25,00 000 ! 7 he Legacy Canada's Dead and Missing 63,038 Canada's Wounded. ..".s.. 149,709 Canada's National Debt... $1,670,263,691 Soldiers' Annual Pensions. $35,000,000 HE world to-day is stag- T géering with debt. Some ; x the leading countries are verging on bankruptcy. The British pound shrunk from $4.86 to as low as $4.12: in Néw York and the Canadian dollar to 95 cents. Five years ago Canada had never dreamed of the financial burden she carries to-day. Canada entered the Great war with a national debt of $337,000,000 or $42 per head of population. 'Canada emerges with a national debt to date of $1,670,- 263,691, which is expected to approx- © Qmate $2, 000,000,000 by the end of the fiscal year--or about $250 for every man, woman and child in the country. Interest of War charges alone will eat up nearly one-half our present national revenue and soldiers' pensions will have to be provided as well. Can Ontario Afford $36,000,000 QO, Canada's effort Ontario contrib uted one-third of the men and near- 'ly one-half the money. And she will bear a chief share of Canada's burden of annual charges. . If efficiency was necessary to "win the war, it is necessary to reconstruct for peace. interest on "I say without hesitation," 'declared Premier Hearst, "that I do not know of one act or. measure in this prov- restrictions a Year on Drink? ince that increased the efficiency of our people, conserved our national strength, aided thrift and generally contrib- uted to our fighting power to a greater extent than the Ontario Temperance Act." Previous to the Ontario Temperance Act the drink bill of the province approximated $36,000,000 per year, an amount about equal to Ontario's share of the-annual our national debt. In the face of our financial responsibilities alone is this the time to repeal the Ontario Temperance Act or relax a single one of its upon waste of money and man power? To every question on the Referendum' Ballot vote-- "No!"--Four Times--"No!" No Repeal; No 'Government Beer Shops; province qualified to vote. Be sure you answer every question. Neo Intoxicating Beers in Standard Hotel Bars; No Government Beer and Whiskey Shops ~ Be sure you mark T Referendum will put four questions squarély up to every man and woman in the your ballot with an X after each question under . or your vote will be lost to Temperance. JOHN MACDONALS, D. A. DUNLAP; Treasurer, rg" PURE ICE CREAM SERVE IT FOR LUNCHEONS, DINNERS AND SUP! Most modern machinery used in making our Ice Cr the ingredients are the best--nothing but pure cream used. Frompt del very to all parts of the city. Superior Ice Cream Parlor : yer St. Phone 648 Bs toed | b : X ? Mclaaghli's 03d Stand Tee oo 'Harvey Hastings, a hotelkeeper, of! Fdr the first time farmers Joined Elora, was falally hart when & motor! with shopmen in St. Thomas in ceje- oar overturned into s dite -j bréting Labor Day. gr 3 i f Ne { Ir 8 ! Cholera has spr from Tokio ad § to a cable to} ws the column headed HNO" Ontario Referendum Committee ANDREW S. GRANT fise-Chairman and Secretary (1001 Excelsior Life Bldg.. ar) Established 1870 'TWEDDELL'S For all new style, good wearing Suits $20 up to $45 Wireless service Yas veen opened Waich the 'news of x between Great Britain, Holland and things. There's som Scaniitaavia; sting to prices weg : £