- TUESDAY, OCTOBER 21, 19190. PODODOLIBII DILDO PODED0S : The Regeneration 'of West Africa $ DODDS PUGOIPOOUIOPILIDL oN OME "~~ ago, an Englishmas expressed in writing prevalent opinion of his very coun= trymen that he habit of making the new countries which they annex- ral ways of life, ritons were in the peoples of 3d give up their nor ind yet took no real pains to teach hose natives better ways. That waa ioubtless true of a generation ago; put it cannot fairly be alleged against No better illustra- be adduced ough similar he presert one ion of han West ronditic. ire African co at. in B lia, and elsew the variations in ocal circumsts being duly cone s is 1 tisk sidered West Africa is a territory so great in area, and is so well populated, as to rival many, if pot most, of the European states. Since Great Britain and France are working together in amicable harmony all through this great region, it seems as if one might safely include in a brief study of the material, industrial, social, and edu- cational development a large part of the western Sahara, all v* the Gold Const, we downward to the southern boundary of the Kar ns, By the terms of the recent c« between Great endorsed by mandatory The exact area, in sq miles, is not important; OT 4s precise population (ever if it possible to give ity To e are primarily in- terested in the manner of education and the ways followed in trainin stha natives to appreciate the advar ages of the systems presented by the Euro- pean governors and commercialists in social and domestic devices. How they, the natives, savages but a short te ago, can--without sacrifiding their own dignity and'indepsndence ---~Lo-operate with the British, French, and Belgians in bearing the burdens entailed by progress, 18 a matter worthy of study it was the custom in former times to hide from the natives, as much as possible, the true value of their own products, and to enhance in guestion- able way the actual worth of the articles which strangers offered in exchange. By such methods, the pro- cess! of hand-to-hand barter had all the advantage for the foreign trader and little or no commensurate benefit for the native. During the early days and continu- ing on into the transition period of perhaps two or three decades ago, even these questionable methods cah hardly be said to have entailed serious hardship upon the natives, because the fabrics and gewgaws which were offered them in barter for things which had cost practically no labor did have, in their uneducated opin- ion, values that were not at all meas- ured by intrinsic worth. But in the matter of education, there was a most unfair attitude tak- en by the first officials and merchants. | Too often, these clas openly op- posed all efforts of missionaries land lay instructors; or, if this statement seems too hard, it was true that an overwhelming percéntage o! officials and traders did contend that the re- ligious teachers should restrict their efforts becduse practical knowledge must inevitably make for diminution of trade profits. A great change has come over the whole of West Africa, including Li- beria and the Belgian Congo. The change began with a broadening of the scope of education. At first this was noticeable in the efforts made by missionaries, with the grudging con- sent of their home societies and their meagre financial assistance, as against the hot disapproval of gov- ernment officials and merchants, who still contended that general educa- tion would "spoil trade." But the ef- fort was persisted in to devise alpha- bets with which to fix the legends of the natives in a permanent form, and also to permit religious * voks as well as secular literature peing placed in the hands of the natives so that rudi- mentary and advanced education might be passed to a stage beyond that of oral and meré memorizing work, The change of heart as to educa- tion with foreign officials, merchants; This is in happy contrast with the opposition displayed a decade or so ago. Native schools of the primary, middle, and higher grades gre scat- tered all over the various colonies, while even a university for advanced students is not lacking. Competent | natives are, too, sent to Europe for special education -- mainly in theo- logy for ordination to the clergy-- and in some cases for consecration as bishops, for numerous dioceses are in charge of bishops either of the Anglican or the Roman Catholic church. Natives on boards of civil administration are made welcome as soon as they display ability, and Af- rican schoolmasters and lawyers are frequently in demand. The general consequence is that West Africa, from Cape Verde into the very heart of "The Dark Contin- ent," holds promise --- and, indeed more than promise--of becoming a ell-governing he powerful provinces states of ssels for England. e Germans surrendered rs f Forth ports ted to var London, Plymou ry, for managem . present approximates egistered tons A RECORD OF SERVICE. | Splendid Work Done by Gen. Ross In the War. Arthur E. Ross, of is a soldier and a citizen By his emin- -sacrificing devo- ed and receives the miration of practically every Canadian soldier who went overseas Dr. Ross is a native of | Ontario, now in 49th year. Dur- ing the South African war, while still a young m 48 a priva worthy Wrig.-Gen Kingston, of natior ent ser { tion he | enthus 2.4% a surgeon. Ross was the representative of King- | ston in the Ontario Legislature when | the great war broke out. Recognized victions by all h a moderate thi keener for actio His contributions of the House sound, prs independer curate k hand. From t X ar AS clared Dr. Ross realized, as few men did, the importance of medical and surgical attention men at the front. Therefore he offered himself to his count privileged 10 render su as seldom falls to the lot of any man A few days ago, speaking in To- ronto, Sir Arthur Currie declared: It was largely due to Gen. Ross that the wastage in the Canadian Corps was lower than in any other unit of the British army." To those who know the man and who have observed his career this was no sur- prise. Day in and day out, year after year, from almost the beginning of the war until the guns were silenced Dr. Ross labored with his abounding enthusi 1 and his great talent, close up to the firir line, sparing no ef- associates, and yet he was perhaps han for debate. 0 the deliberations were characterized by BD sense, to the was fort and avoiding no danger, in order ! that he might save Canadian lives It is well known that he was sev- eral times offereff work of a less haz- ardous and less exacting nature, out- side of the danger zone, 1 be sought neither safety nor comfort. while Canadians were in action. Even the flattering offer of an appoinment as Director of Medical Services with the Fifth British Army could not induce him to leave his own Canadian eoun- trymen, and even when he suffered the greatest loss that can befall any man in the illness and death of his life's partner, he remained at post 'nce probably more about the hard- i ships and the suffering of our army than uny other man in the service, and he labored as earnestly for the welfare of Canadians as it would be possible for any man to do. Khaki Settlers In Quebec. Very encouraging results from sol- dier 'settlement work in the Province of Quebec are reported by Col. Bruce Campbell, provincial superintendent of the Soldiers Settlement Board. The board has been brought to a high plane of organization, the province having been divided into' three sep- arate areas, all of which report good progress. . The headquarters of the three areas are at Montreal, Sher- brooke and Quebec. The soldier is required to pay down only 10 per cent. of the actual purs chase price of the farm. This pay- ment is required mainly to give the soldier-farmer a more vital interest in his venture. In certain cases the payment of this 10 per cent. is waiv- ed. The money paid down is to apply solely an the purchase price of the farm itself; thus $5,000 may be paid for the farm, the soldier's 10 per cent. making up the coét "with the | Government loan of $4,500. This is loaned for 25 years at § per cent. In addition the Government will buy live stock and farm equipment up to the sum of $2,000, upon which no interest is due for two years. The third year the soldier-farmer starts paying 5 per cent. on this $2,000. A further loan of $1,000 is made for building repairs, making the grand total of $7,500. In a visit through St. John's and Huntington counties, Col. Campbell and Major W. R. Stevens came in personal contact with many of the | every case } soldier settlers. In almost | favorable progress was noted. ------ mom | Gets V. C. After Five Years. | The gailant behaviour which cost | j the late Lieut. Willlam Archer Me- {Crae Bruce his life nearly five years ago has just been rewarded with the | bestowal of the Victoria Crobs. Bruce (Was a young officer of thé regular Indian army, which was formerly commanded by his father, and was 2 nephew of Ed- ward Hay, former general manager of the Imperial Bank of Canada. The young soldier displayed great brav- ery at Givenchy on the night of De- cember 19, 1914, leading a party {against a German trench. and after- PN + Pit business connection PAID.UP CAPITAL RESERVE FUND The experience and facilities of a depart. faent of the Bank devoted wholly to foreign business are at your command. THE CANADIAN BANK | OF COMMERCE, KINGSTON BRANCH, F. M. Gibson, Manager. EXPORT TRADE _ Manufacturers contemplating the exten- sion of trade in foreign countries arg offered the assistance which this Bank's world-wide makes possible. BA $15,000,000 $15,000,000 his | He learned from actual experi- | 59th Scinde Rifles, | THE DAILY B gprs RITISH WHIG PAGE ELEVEN i | another. i placed a heavy premium on ships, so that we cannot rely on foreign vessels to carry our goods, but must build and MAN our own mercantile fleet. Above all, we must see that CANADIAN seamen are available to man Canadian vessels as they become ready for our export service. A Patriotic Duty The work of training Canadian boys for the sea is carried on by the Boys' Naval Brigades. Funds are absolutely imperative if the work is to be carried on and extended at this critical period. The appeal to the patriotic spirit is strong to give our lads a chance. Help by giving--and giving liberally. The Nelson Day Campaign is going to of the loyal co-operation of public-spirited cit What YOU do to-day counts much for Canada's future and your own! Assist generously. SON e Sea --What You! It Means to h 7" OU would be surprised. to learn how little many people know about the relation our \ prosperity bears to the problems of shipping. With the exception of our purely domestic trade and that with our neighbors to the South, every dollar's worth of goods we produce must cross the seas, and so exports are largely the measure of our wealth as a nation. Submarine losses have An Economic Necessity Then help again by putting the great need before be a great success and it will be because s like yourself. : Campaign Committee for the Province of Ontario Chairmen: SIR JOHN C. BATON Vice-Chairmena: A. M. HOBBERLIN Heagneey Treasurers SIR EDMUND WALKER Assistant Treasurer: N. L. MARTIN 34 King Street West, Toronto Patron HRH. THE PRINCE OF WALRS President COMMODORE BMILIUS JARVIS Aims of the NAVY LEAGUE OF CANADA To emphasize Canada's opportunities and réespon- sibilities on the sea. To raise funds for the relief of oewr merchapt seamen, red in the war, and dependents of those who were billed. To maintain "satlors' homes in onr ports, To train boys awd young men for eer merchant by the orgowization her N Brigades. | wards, though seversl¥ wounded, | walking up and down encouraging | his men to hold out against the over-: | whelming masses of the enemy. The | onrush of the field grey hordes later | swept over this little oupost of the | "Old Contemptibles," and most of | those not among the slain were taken | prisoner, Consequently it was only- | lately that the story of Lieut. Bruce's gallantry became known. 5 The "Pretended" Bank. In 1819 the people of the town of York (now Toroats) asked for the incorporation of the Upper Canada Banking Company, which was grant ed, but reserved for royal assent, which, however, was not proclaimed until April 5, 1821. But previous to that date a private bank was estab lished in Kingston under name of the Bank of Upper The business of this institution was not of Upper Canzda failed in 1888. : ancient Gauls made good soap of beech ashes and the fat of goats. The man who displays his money 'nvites the attention of those who would be glad to rob him of it. keep away from the silk department. About the smallest thing on earth is the small politician but you can- not convince him of the fact, 'Over two thousand years ago the For peace of mind's sake the wo-| man with the calico capital ought to! The Financial Equipmen ; of The ue ling of Co convent Tae sad apm oa ra Advances to assist in the operation of and man i sf aevchille ring accounts expansion of all industrial and commercial enter, prises; : Bank of Toronto for the successful hand bust ey Lhe I Letters of for the use of importers of foreign et Colt for the we f im count ds GS. BD. MCKAY, # Dr Wi, Money Orders and fo oi rl sold jo... : T and 4 hb 1) I ach cai SLosigs ot Conti agued Your banking business trotted. ™EBANKoF TORONTO || "=z rr That Hair Mattress OR THOSE FEATHERS SHOULD BE RENOVATED NOW. SEE US. WWE ARE EXPERTS.