| LN RY AIRCRAFT WORK IN NAVY Aircraft Spotted Positions and Gave Range of Enemy Submarines They Were the Eyes of the Navy--Work of Different Men and Differ- ent Units -- Establishing Aviation Centres Where They Would Do the Most Good. I have Sid that the fomructive achievements of aircraft. gure on moderately in the- statistics of the War; was because most of their 'most work Was done in om 'operation with war vessels. reraft jin the Navy petiormed a service not unlike that which it performed in the Army. We are all liar with the i of airplanes sailing over the Id of battle, obtaining information h was wirelessed Back A) their} own forces, ing" artillery posi-| | ding Mr. T i= tions and ranges. The sea- bol mending Jur. Irunee Davi rin e for a Distinguished Service and dirigibles of the Allied | Medal, the commander of our avia- a similar service [tion forces wrote: "This officer was on the ocean. To a considerable ex- tent the "eyes" of the | airplanes on the land be- | "eyes" of the Army. Part [pment was wireless tele- wireless telephone; as soon rine was "spotted" the | immediately flashed broad- | every offensive warship any- | r, as well as the airplane | started for the indicated scene. | | several cases in which the | submarines by destroyers | ted to information wire-| in this fashion by American | and, since the air service of RAVY Was many times | go. such cindiegst Pinar ore ts gs" credited fo the British effort. How a Dirigible Helped a Convoy. Besides scouting and "spotting" and bombing, the aerial hunters of | the submarine developed great value escorting comvoys, A few dirig- .dbles, located on the flanks of a con- | voy, exercised almost as great a pro- power on them as destroyers | themselves; even a single airship not | infrequently brought a group of mer- | en and troop ships safely into | port. Sometimes the airships oper- ated in this way as auxiliaries to de- stroyers, while sometimes they oper- ated alone In applying this mechanism of pro- tion to merchant convoys, we were simply adopting the method which 'Great Britain had 'been using for fthree years in the narrow ges of the English Channel. uch has i been said of the skill with which the British navy transported about 20,- souls back and forth between France in four years; in this great movement sea- planes, dirigibles, and other forms of aircraft played an important part. | public spirit. In describing our sub- chasers I have already paid tribute to the splendid qualities of reserve officers; and our indebtedness to this type of citizen was equally great in the aviation service. I can y no finer tribute to American youth than to say that the great aircraft foree which was ultimately assembled in Europe had its beginnings in a small group of undergraduates at Yale Uni- versity. i it £ i t i F ih He i i : fl I : inh | Wp t -COM. A. L. GATES Am same way scheme o rulection was found valuable with | \ coastal convoys, particularly with | responsible for the organization of convoys which sailed from one the first Yale aviation unit of twenty- port to another, and from | Mine aviators who were later enrolled ports to places in Ireland, | it the Naval Reserve Flying Corps. or inavia. The Amer- This group of aviators formed established i a aircraft sta- the nucleus of the first Naval Re- tion at Killingholme, land, a little | Serve Flying Corps, and, in fact, may seacoast town near Hull; ome of our main duties here was to escort food ips to and from Scandinavian ports. was done in convoying trams- Atlantic ships, I have described the i in which these ships were because the groups were agers obliged to break up after entering the Channe l and thé Irish Sea, and pro- singly to their destinations. improved this situation to a le extent, for they could up the ships and {ceed t a considerable amount of : Bring them 'sails The Yale Aviation Unit, American naval aviation had a tic beginning; indeed, the de- velopment of our air service from al- most nothing to a force which, in European waters, comprised 2,500 officers and 22,000 men, is one of the Front accomplishments of - the war. was almost entirely the outcome of civilian enterprise and civilian OA A ANNA at as il at tN, BIN KIDNEY i be considered as the nucleus from Nhich the United States Aviation orces, Foreign Service, after grew." go | i | t | {is group 0 tirely on their own initiative. While the United States was still at peace encouraged only by their own par " ents, and a few friends, they took up the study of aviation. It was their conviction that the United States would certainly get into the war, and they selected this branch as the one in which they could render greatest service to their country. These young men worked all through the summer of 1916 at Port Washington, Long Island, learning how to y; at this time they were an entirely unofficial body, paying their own expenses. Ul. timately the unit comprised about twenty men; they kept constantly at work, even after college opened in the fall of 1916, and, when the war broke out, they were prepared--for they had actually learned to fly. When the submarine scares dis- turbed the Atlantic seaboard in the early months of the war, these Yale undergraduates were sent by the De- partment scouting over Long Island Sound and other places looking for the imaginary Germans. In Febru- ary, 1917, Secretary Daniels recog- nized their work by making Davison a member of the Committee on Aero- nautics; in March practically every member of the urit was, enrolled in) the aviation service; and their names appear among the first one hundred aviators enrolled in the Navy--a list that ultimately included several thou- sand. So proficient had these under- the summer of 1917, and they were impressed as instructors in schools in France and England. "These young men'not only ren- dered great mate service, but they manifested an enthusiasm, an earnestness, and a tireless vigilance which exerted a wonderful influence in strengthening the morale of the whole aviation department. I sup- pose that this is what is meant by the "Yale spirit." "I knew that when- ever we had a member of that Yale i ays Lieutenant-Commander Edwards, who was aide for aviation in the latter part of the war, "every- thing was all right. Whenever the French and English asked us to send a couple of our cr men to re- enforce a squadron, I would say, 'Let's get some of the Yale gang.' We mever made a mistake when we did this." Men to Whom We Are Indebted. There were many men in the regu- lar Navy to whont the nation is like. wise indebted. Captain T. T. Craven served with very marked distinction as aide for aviation on the staff of Admiral Wilson, and afterward, after the Armistice was signed; as the senior member of the Board which had been appointed to settle all claims with the French Government. Lieutenant (now Commander) Ken: neth Whiting was snother officer whe Commander Whiting arrived in St 1917, in command of the first aero- nautic de of 7 officers and 122 men. Such were the modest beginnings of American aviation in France. In a short time Commander Whiting was assigned to the command of the A LIEUTENANT DAVID S. INGALLS b= 5 . LIEUTENANT TRUBEE DAVISON tes become ae ms Bh jotes: they the M: nology, ' Key City. They began aad : that they were to train i Nazaire, France, on the 5th of June, A chment, which consisted } San AD large station which was established at Killingholme, and in ' October, 1917, Captain Hutch I. Cone 'came from the United States to take charge of the great avilltion programme which had now been planned. Cap- tain Cone had for many years en- joyed the reputation of being an effi- cient administrator; while still a lieutenant-commander, he had held for a considerable time the rank of rear-admiral, as head of the Bureau of Ste: Engineering; and in 1917 he was located as commanding naval officer at the Panama Canal. Captain Cone now came to Paris and plunged into the work of organizing naval aviation with all his usual vigor. It soon apparent, however, that Londom would form a better place for his work than Paris and Captain Cone therefore took up his headquarters in Grosvenor Gardens. Under his administration the avia- tion section grew to the proportions I have indicated. In addition to the twelve stations on the French coast, reaching from Brest almost to Spa.n, Captain Cone opened four important stations in Ireland, at Lough Foyle, Wexford, Queenstown, and Whiddy Island: Probably the most com- pletely equipped aviation centre we constructed was that at Pauillae, France, under the command of Cap- rendered great service,"in aviation | FIVE MEMBERS OF THE YALE UNIT * The Yale unit distinguished itself in the navel aviation; rt was, indeed, the nucleus from which naval avia- tion grew. Months be the United States declared War, a group of Yale undergraduates under the leadership of Trubee Davison or- ganized an aviation squad, learned flying at thei' Long Istand Station and thus were ready, when hostili- to sail overseas--a striking illustration of prepdredness on private initiative, z enough to supply our needs. Ofher . Centers. Another great adventure was the establishment of our Northern Bomb- ing Group, under the command of Captain David C. Hanrahan; here we h 112 planes, 305 officers, and 2,239 men, who devoted all their at- tention to bombing the German sub- marine bafes at Zeebrugge and Os- tend. In response to the representa- tions: of the Italians, we completed all our plans for buildin, aviation bases on Italy to attack the Austrian naval bases, but the surrender of Austria put an end to this enterprise. In September, 1918, Captain Cone's duties took him to Ireland; the ship on which he sailed, the Leinster, was torpedoed in the Irish Sea; Captain Cone was picked up unconscious in the water, and, when taken to the hospital, it was discovered that both his legs were broken. It was there- fore necessary. to appoint another officer in his stead. and | "selected 'Lieutenant W. A. Edwards, who had served with credit on the destroyer Cushing, and who, for some time, had geen second in command to Captain Cone in the aviation section. It was almost unprecedented to put at the LIEUTENANT KENNETH McLEISH | head of such an important branch a young lieutenant who had only been out of the naval academy for a few years; ordinarily the duties would have required a man of Admiral's rank. Lieutenant Edwards, howevef; was not only extremely capable, but LIEUT. KENNETH R. SMITH tain F. T. Evans; here we constructed accommodations for 20,000 men; we had here what geld have eventually a great ai fac! ; had the war continued six a aad we would have béen ming out "planes in this place on a scale large he had the gift of sing didly with gtr Englis with be was very po r. He remained in of the department for the rest the war, winning golden opinions from his and his subordinates, and the 3 § associates. 5 g two great hans the east coast of superiors Dis- PAGE THIRTEEN tinguished Service Order from King George. What Our Aviation Work Accomplished. The Armistice was: signed before our aviation work had got completely into running order. Yet-its accom- plishments were creditable; and, had the war lasted a little longer, they {would have reached great propor- |tions.. Of the thirty-nine direct at- | tacks made on submarines. ten were, in vary degrees, "successful." Per- the most amazing hit made by | the seaplane in the war was that scored by Ensign J. McNamara; he | dropped a bomb - from high .in the heavens upon a submarine, striking it directly on top of the SunSing tower; the result ly was tragi | partly lud' "vous; for the bomb proved ito be a "cud" and did not explode! {Om the day the Armistice was s { we had 225 American seaplanes | operating over the North Sea, the | Irish Sea, the Bay of Biscay, and the | Adriatic; our bombing plames were making trips constantly over the fields of Flanders; and 1,500 officers |and 15,000 men were making raids, | doing patrels, bombing submarines, bombing enemy bases, taking photo- | graphs, making reconnaissance over enemy ports and engaging enemy aircraft. (To be continued) Copyright, 1920, by the World's Work. The copyright of these articles in Great Britain is strictly reserved { by Pearson's Magazine, London; { without their permission no quota- tion may be made. Published by special arrangement with Me- Clure Newspaper Syndicate. the 30 London Girls Vanish Daily. 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