"y ; i fussvuAY, JANVARY 4, 192). § fi 1 £. Foie, THE by LY Vn. BRITISH WHIG. epee er st ul -- - Great St. Lawrence River Water Power Project For generations a dream of the en- gineers of the country has been the | harnessing of the St. Lawrence River. Like the building of the Panama Canal, it remained in the dream stage for many years. is now being seriously considered. For the last eight or nine months | hearings have been held in different parts orythe United States as to the | best usé for navigation and power purposes of the St. Lawrence River. | These hearings have been held be- fore the International Joint Com- mission, composed of three members from the United 'States and three Canadian members, who were origi- nally: appointed for the purpose of adjusting all differences between the United Ptates and Canada respecting boundary streams. The Commission has now before it for consideration recommendations that, if adopted, will mean, probably, the eventual building of five dams in the St. Law- rence (two internationally located and three wholly in Canada), which will produce, when completed, 5,000,- 000 horse power, 4,000,000 of which Will be available for use in Canada and 1,000,000 in New York state and vicinity. The cost of construction is sured at approximately $1,300,000,- 00. The projected dams and power houses at different pgints in the St. 'Lawrence will, according to experts, release within a radius of 300 miles (which includes most of New York State and Northern New England, as well as large areas in Canada), pow- er at less than half the cost of pre- sent steam power, thus relieving the coal situation and providing new re- Sources of power for lighting sys- tems, traction systems and all kinds of manufacturing undertakings. In- stead of the present slack water navi- gation between Montreal and Lake Ontario, and the score of locks now in use along the 120 miles of the St. Lawrence, there will be only six locks, making vast open stretches for speeding up navigation, ' Through this series of dams and power houses it is belleved that ft will be possible to increase the flow of the St. Lawrence River by control- ling the level of Lake Erie. Where , now a miMimum of 150,000 cubic feet + Of water per second must be figured on, this vast project undertakes to "balance the flow" of the St. Law- rénce River, using Lake Ontario and Lake Erie as reservoirs, and thus make available for navigation and power approximately 200,000 cubic feet per second. Of course the emgineering difficul- ties to be met with are gigantic. The first steps have already been taken in using diamond drills to find rock bot- tom on the river bed, approximately sixty feet below the surface of the water. The depth.of foundations at the proposed sites, and the general difficulties incident to uncovering these foundations, are matters which complicate the undertaking. Another problem to be met is that of ice on the river. The proposed plant must be so designed that it can safely and automatically handle as much as 3,000 tons of ice per min- ute, an amount equal to 8 trainload of ice three-quarters of a mile long every minute, Ice defenses to break Long dismissed by | the cautious as a task too huge to be | attempted, the St. Lawrence project | --~ \ Part of One of the Proposed Dam Structures. up blocks are necessary. the masonry around the control sys- tem through which the water rushes must be "heated to a temperature above 32 degrees Fahrenheit, so that the water will not freeze on the masonry and block the flow. Revolving pieces of machinery weighing a million pounde must be 0 accurately constructed and installed as to maintain ousandigalal to ex- i In addition, ceed two one-thousandths\of an inch. Special tools and speciat*éofferdam construction, costing in the aggregate more than $35,000,000, must come Into commission to achieve the de- sired results. Automatic governors will have to be perfected capable of instantly controlling the quantity of water used through the turbines for all of the various load changes in- cident to tha distribution of the powar over more than 2,000 miles. These are a few of the problems that the projected plans must meet. The first section to be bullt will be a great dam and power house stretch- ing across the 5t. Lawrence from the American to the Canadian side, Such a structure wili cost approximately $200,000,000. This dam by itself will release power over a large area. One of the comforting features of the project when the tremendous sum w be raised by private capital to finance it is considered, is that each section of the work is complete in itself and Justifies its own existence. Yet each section, useful in itsel?, is but a part of a vast scheme, sometimes said to be three times as great an undertak- Ing as the building of the Panama Canal, Complete plans for the work ex- tending over five years or more have been drawn up by the offices of Hugh L. Cooper of New York. Mr. Cooper, who is an expert hydraulic engineer and who built the Mississippi Water ower Project, says: "No engineer. ing proposal in the past even approxi- mates in magnitude and far-reaching influence upon the general public the engineering proposal that is now be- fore this International Joint Commis- alon with respect to the St. Lawrence River. Aside from releasing 5.000,- 000 horse power, ths engl: ing plans will show and competent en- Sinesring authorities will agree that tha problems of preserving the scenic beauty at 'Nisgara Falls and facilitat- Ing navigation on the Great Lakes system while bringing to highest @e- velopment the water powers of the region may be solved in a way that wil' stand out as a world monument to engineering--an achievement ¢om- pared to which all past achievements, however great they seemed at the time of the accomplishment, will look small. "The World War has removed from the normal available man sup- ply more than 20,000,000 men. Pro- bably 85 per cent. of these men be- longed to the laboring class. As time g0es on engineers must provide sub- stitutes for the loss of man power, falling in which the world must func- tion on a lower standard of living. In this problem a]l branches of en- gineering will make a contribution to relieve the situation. The civil, the railroad, the mechanical, the mining dnd the hydraulic engineer will each come forward with new projects. "It has been known for a long time that one of the quickest helps for this labor shortage will come from the hydro-electric engineering branch of the profession. The farmer, the manufacturer and the general public all need labor and are therefors vitally interested in every- thing that wiil increase this supply. The exlent to which the public inter- est is dependent upon power, while generally admitted, is but little understood, Our modern civilization requires, normally, one horse power for every five of its people. Every twenty-five hydro-electric horse Power saves for one year the labor of one man engszged in producing steam horse -poweN-when "we come to figure all the expenditures from the mine to the ash heap. To produce any given quantity of electrical energy, using steam as a prime mover, requires seventy times as much man power as is required where hydro-electric power is the prime mover. Every hydro-electric horse Power saves, on the average, ten tons of coal per annum, "This is to show how the .public is dependent upon and interested in the most efficient developmetit of all undeveloped water-power resources. The Américan Congress, after ten years of debate, has finaily passed a Federal water power law that pro vides for the leasing of undeveloped water power sites to private capital for a period of fifty years on terms that absolutely protect the public and capital, and on terms where rigid re- | gulation of rates and service is fully | guaranteed. "Before this time development has beén blocked in the 8t. by the laws. of the United States. Also; in 1840, the ordinary water wheel had an efficiency of 50 per cent. Today it is 90 per cent. In 1890 transmissions of power' ten miles were considered marvelous. To- day transmission of 350 miles is quite feasible. This great tranemission reach brings into consideration a market that will Justify the vast ex- penditure required for the initial in- stallation on the St. Lawrence. In my opinion the application of pres- ent-day standard engineering prac- tice to the St. Lawrence will result in the generation Of power on the St. Lawrence at a price less than it can now be produced at Niagara Falls, and thus give to Eastern New York and Canada advantages, with references to cheap power, like those hitherto supposed to belong exclu- sively to Niagara Falls, the great natural water power machine of the Amerigan Continent, "Another thing--this project will relieve the coal situation. It is great- ly in the interest of the United States to see that Canada 1s relieved from her present necessity of purchasing coal in the United States, The de- development of six and one-half mfil- lion horse power will substitute sixty- five million tons of coal per annum I n the zone easily within transmis- slon distance. The savifig of this coal in the United States and Canada will reduce the price of coal to the household consumer and to the re- maining steata-power consumers. It is a striking fact that hydro-electric power reduces the cost of the com- modily against which it has to com- péte and thus intensifies the competi- tion. Higa coal prices are driving in- dustry out of Néw York and prevent- ing expansion in the State of New York and in Canada. In the zone reachable from the St. Lawrence practically all of the elements needed for a great industrial expansion are now available--all except cheap power. "Many honest friends of the Erie Canal are afraid that the improve- Ment of the St. Lawrence will redude the amount of freight handled by the' canal. The great trouble with the Erie Canal today, without the St. Lawrence improvement, is that it has ho justifying tonnage through it. If You can make available for industry all along the 356 miles of the length of the Erie Canal cheap electrical bower (and by cheap I mean as cheap as it can be had from Niagara Falls), then you will have in such a facility, together with cheap navigation in a country thirsty for industrial expan- slon, an amount of new business in actual tonnage of raw-materials-in and manufactured-materials-out that will make the whole canal gone a great big industrial success instead Of the apology that it now is. The tonnage that will thus come, to the City of New York will be much great- er in amount and value to the City of New York and to the canal than would be represented by possible diverted freight through the new St. Lawrence route," What We Need The Joseph (Ore.) Herald. What we need in this country is The devil can usdally be found on both sides in the church membership disagreement. ° Lawrence | ToCure aCold in One Day Take Grove's Laxative Bromo -« ; Quinine | tablets Be sure its Bromo dl Elf The genuine bears this si $0c. nn mm Cuticura Soa Complexions Are Healthy sowdn | By internal gearing force equiva- lent to five horsepower can be ob- tained from a new portable electric tool that can be used as drill, wrench or screwdriver. ry *The 237 BAGOT STRE ET. CITY OF WINNIPEG "% Bonds. Due 1950--Price 94.72 to yield 6.40%. Interest payab An assured yi for your mcney:. THESE ARE THE BONDS TO BUY Bongard, Ryerson & Co. 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