CARE of Child's "FIRST" TEETH Vital to HEALTH ; 8 indicative of how great to the health of A ciirn is the care of t 1 "first" teeth, g Dr. J. Ross Snyder of Birmingham, Ala. cites the fcllowing cace: "I was the consultant," writes Dr. Snyder in the Journal of the American Medical Association, "In the case of a 7-year-old girl who was pallid, had a rapid pulse and accelerated respirations, had been losing weight, was without appetite and had low-grade fever. After what I considered a careful examination I concurred in 3 diagnosis of tuberculosis. The family asked for further consultation with an eminent surgeon. The physi- cian in charge and his consultant objected on the ground that the case was medical, not surgical. his resulted in both being asked to resign from the case. The surgeon was then called in and discoyered a gumboil at the site of the first per- manent molar, the latter decayed. "With proper treatment of the mouth copd)- tiop the tuberculosis disappeared magically. The girl today is a fing specimen of healthy young ' goptinue to ignore t woman, but she has a grooked face--all of which is recited to bring put seversl points, but chiefly to infroduce ap inquiry as to why pediatric men 9 subject of dental pediatrics." laipt fyom pediatricians, ac- 3 favorite c v ng to Pr. Snyder, bas been that the govern- 5 i / « € : Rent gives more attention to the breeding of eat- than to the breeding of a race. "Speh a com- Plaine, he goes on to say, "is hardly consistent w through eur efforts huge sums are being spent on the gow's toilet, though we ignore the Importance of p toilpt for the child's mouth." + Dr. Snyder quotes Dr. Thomas of Minneapolis as scoring the family dentist whe dismisses the little child with the statement; "OnV i can't de anything with those teeth, they ave enly tempo- vary and your shild will bave permanent teeth {a their stead." He says the man who first called the deciduous geeth the "temporary" teeth com. witted a crime against children which only years of painstaking hoi Ao can eradicate. *It has been estimated that in spite of ante natal conditions and quite independent of the state of the teeth of parents, the temporary teeth emerge through the gumstoall intentand purposes perfect in 98 per cent. of children. Contrast this with the condition of the teeth of children of school age. Leak, New York state dental inspes- tor, says: ! *Ninaty ear wnt. of children in the frst Courtesy of Journal of Chart Shows Time Required for the Cutting of Teeth. Decducna Fire grades, not-only in the slums but in aristocratic and best sections of cities, have bad teeth; ona- third have absceased conditions in their mouths, and every fourth or fifth child dees not have proper masticating surfaces. Of little tots in the first grades, 7 years of age, 40 per cent. have the » six-year molar decayed--a tooth which has not ' been in the mouth more than one year and yet the first molar of the permanent set, decayed." Dr. Snyder says that equally bad conditions have begn revealed wherever inspections of the mouths of the sehaol children have been made. "It has conclusively demonstrated," writes Dy. Bayder, "that children with bad teeth are morg susceptible to Infectious diseases. Grant- ing, as Hellman suggests, that there should be a more scientific investigation of the causes and that the condition should be studied from a de velopmental, ragial, pathelogic and nutritional standpoint, this does not preclude the already arvived at conglugion that premature loss of the deciduous teeth is the most frequent etiologic fac- tor in maldevelopment of the face and the jaws. "I am concerned as to whether we admit that there are in our country millions of children whose health is in more or less jeopardy because of their unclean mouths. Probably a majority of these children display no strikingly marked symp- tom. There may be no pain, no elevation of tem- perature, no acceleration of pulse rate, no cough, no glandolar swelling, no albuminuria, nothing to attract the attention of the ordinary physician, dentist or parent. "Many of these.children, however, do display symptoms which to the pediatrician ought to be pregnant with significance. The child may net show a proper interest in things that are attrac. tive to the mormal child. The appetite may be capricious, the child often spurning good, whole some food while craving sweets, ¢ may be as Just WHAT an INSECT REALLY IS By 1. FOSTER MOORE WHE largest branch of the animal kingdom : is the arthropoda, so called because the body is composed of rings, some of which hear jointed legs. This branch is divided inte four classes, crustacea, arachmida, mywiapeds , and hexapoda. The crustaces are the igbsters, crabs, crayfish, etc.; the grachnida are the spiders, are air-bresth- \ bs extend all through the body. Where these air tubes end in the body wall openings, called spiracles, app uspally along the sides of the body. Through Fig. 2--The Spider Is an Arachnid. Fig. 1. The Cray- ish Is a Representative of the Crustacean Family. logy. ofc: the wmyviapeda are the : worms and their delations, and ore the ingects. ts are diffevent from the other ar- eda in several ways. In the first place, they Shree Pairs, of six jointed legs, from which bt they get their hame; they have gpe pair of pelers, or antennae, growing from the head, and 3 ually OR 9r two pairs of wings . which they undergo while these the insects take air into the afr tubes or tracheae. What is called the mya morphoses of insects or the wonderfp! changes Fig. 3--The Grass hopper Is Classified growing, is ome of the ec += an Ipsect. most' marygllous things » thet Mother Nature provides wr a» wm study and solve. Some iMmsects hatch from the egg in the form that they keep through their entire lives, that is, they have no metamorphosis or change. Others oey Bd an incomplete metamarphosis, that is, they may have mo wings at first and there i5 at ne time 8 period when they do not resemble the perfect insect. Btill other insects change em- tirely in their form during their life, as the but- terflies and moths do, these changes consisting of the larval or worm-like stage, the pupa er quiet stage, and the perfect insect or buttepfly and moth stage, AD Is BOILED and NOT BAKED E oven in a modern bakery is heated to a "temperature varying from 450 to 576 de- grees--that is from two to nearly threp times the heat of beiling-water. Yet in spite of this great degree of heat the interior of the loaf is really rather boiled than baked. And even after the baking is completed new loaf con- tains from 30 to 40 per cent. of water © The crisp, brown crust ig formed by the heat p part of the starch, which is a chief com- 0 of wheat flour, ute a substance called Why is it that wheat flour makes such better "Bread than any other grin? You cen make bread out of the flour of oats, rye, barley and f , but in all cases the bread, though nourish- is heavy and dumpy. The reason is this, these other flours da not hold the gas so as wheat flour. 1 The lightpess of bread depends entirely upon the amount of geners during the rising and the bak & io) the gas in yeast bread comes fo the f tation of the t, or--in the ease of r Te the mixing of water with the powder. ini £ ead, as known todsy, Is, comparatively Speaking, & pecent invention, for right up to the aad of the sightecnth century, the pooysr people y ; / " ¥4 ate chiefly unleavened bread. Yeast as used to- day is quite 8 modern invention, and baking pow- der even more so. Light bread in the old days was obtained only by the use of "leaven," and leaven was made by moistening four, and leaving it in the open for about a week, when it began to ferment and " go sour. Up in the Northwest, where yeast is difficult to obtain, the miners still make their bread with leaven, in the old-fashioned way, and that is how they obtained their name of "sour-doughs." American Medical Association. Porman onl Teel reluctant to go to bed at night as to get up in the morning. He may be nervems and fidgety or lethargic; he may be emotional or apathetic; he may be precocious or a dullard; sometimes he is incorrigible. To the uncommonly observant, many indications are apparent of the childs be- low standard--sometimes mentally, s physically, sometimes in both ways. : Dr. Snyder says that in every community i» which oral hygiene has been introduced ag 3 part of the school system, not merely satisfactory but brilliant results have followed. It has always meant cleaner, better, happier and more intelli- gent girls and boys. This state of well being is reflected not only on the teachers but en the par- ents as well. At present oral hygiene has adopted so exceptionally by school beards that communities in which it exists stand ogtin marked contrast with their benighted neighbors. M= MARY HALLOCK GREENEWALT, a MUSIC INTERPRETED IN COLORS < noted pianist of Philadelphia, has added color to the charm of music. She that there are "notes" in light as well as nates in sound, and that various wave lengths of light may be artistically blended just as wave lengths of sound are blended. The blending of beautiful shades of colar .with music gives to the 'music a new artistic effect. In the ease of sound, there are disturbances in the air, while with light there are wave disturb- in the ether. The pitch of a certain sound ds upon the wave length. The high note on "Yankee Doodle" Played in Colors a plane vibrates several thousand times a second, and he last bags note vibrates very few times a secon There is a scale of light waves ranging from a very high pitch to a low pitch. In the case of light waves, ver, there are vibrations in the ether that reach several billion a second By ar ranging certain colored lights in the order of their wave lengths, 8 chromatic scale may be pro- duced that may be used in connection with the music scgle. How Mrs. Greenewalt has done this is described by Popular Science Monthly. For this purpese Mrs. Greenewalt employs a How High EXPLOSIVES Are MA CIENTISTS have just succeeded in stripping S the tree of of its secrets--that is, how to make it furnish the explosive that later can be used to blast its stump from the greund. Cymene, an oil necessary in the manufactyre of the explosive known as TNT, is now preduced from the pulp of spruce, fir, and 'balsam trees. And since the war TNT has been used extensive- ly for land-clearing, road-building and similar blasting operations. The interesting process of deriving cymene from sulphite turpentine is described by a writer in Popular Science Monthly. Sulphite turpentine has always been the bane of paper manufactyr- ers, and it wag primarily through the efforts af a paper-making company that it was put to use. In the manufacture of paper, the logs are chopped into chips, which are put into an enor- mous steel digesting tank. This tank ip fled with water in which bisul- _ phite of lime has been dissolved. Then the miz- ture iy bolled under pressure and at high heat This boiling takes the tars, resins and color out of the wood fiber. The cymepe escapes in the steam and gas. By the new process, this is now distilled. b The gases are driven into a coiled lead pipe several hundred feet long whict oes in 3 wood- en pan filled with cold water. The pipe is cooled by the water passing over it, just as is the worm of a still. The temperature of the gages passing through the pipe is reduced below the condensing point of steam. Therefore, from the end of the cofl there emerge a liquid and the remaining vapors, which pass into a separator. The separator consists of an antimonial lead pipe five feet long and 12 inches in diameter. In the ceatre of the pipe is a lead partition or a baffle-plate. It extends to within a foot of the bottom of the pipe. The liquid and the gas strike the partition. The liquid, which consists of sul- hite turpentine and sulphur-impregnated water, 8 inte a separatipg tank. After it has stood in this contalne r half an hour, the two con stituents sepafate. Cymene, being lighter, riges to the top, and may be drawn off by spigots placed at various levels. A funneled pipe receives the cymena and earries it to a storage-tank. Here again there are spi , 80 that if any water re- mains it will be finally removed. If there still are traces of sulphur dioxide, they may be memtralized by adding lime. Now the eryde cymene is ready to be shipped in large metal drums to plants where it will be converted into an explosive. The vapors that were left striking against the POGO STICK Jumping Is Newest FAD HERE are you going, my pretty maid? W "A 'pogeing,' sir," ghe said. That's the answer you will get when the girls on this'side of the pond have taken up "pogo. jumping," that newest fad ¢f exercise for which London and Paris have both gone in so strong. The "pogo" is little more than a beuneing stilt. It is a wooden stick about mouth high, witha foot" rest on each side and a rubber-tipped pad wark- ing on a strong spring. The ides is to hop on and bounce along until you fall off. Admittedly this ddesn't sound very. thrilling, but the kangaree gyrations said to result from a brief session on the pogo are calculated to surpass any former * stunt on stilts. : It is thought that the 0 will bgeome more than a pastime, such as the diahale came out of France some 15 years ago. Al y TASS are being staged, with page pele boi Bio) hockey teams in the offing. Nn secant first official sporting fey in connestion with the 0 i§ printed in a London mesnin, paper. PO he first race meeting," ru Whe report, "of newly formed pogo club was held on the reef of Ifridge's Bteres last night. The program in- cluded 3 40-yard flat race and § con or the longest time spent in a five foot re. "About 80 men, women and ghildren enteped for the rt event, which was won Ry a 7-year-old Broadstairs girl. She was given g pogo. In the second event a man maintained his balance within the five-foot square for 5% minutes and aston- ished the audience by leaping up six wide stairs." While the sport is not listed as a particularly hazardous one for the participants, some of the amateur jumpers have received a few bumps. With every pogo stick sold in Frange a printed list of instructions is included, ur the neces- sity of each jumper being measyred his own jamping stick. Pogos that reach the mouth are often disastrous to the jumper, Furthermore, gach pogo is made to support a certain weight which is stamped on the stick. Why COOKIN G UTENSILS Are Made of Aluminum of all other metals as a material for gook- ing utensils. Not only are aluminum pets, pans "and kettles extremely economical, byt sll kinds of food can be cooked in them without dan- wre the health. pr the series of tests of aluminum cooking gianall to see how various foods affect them, A LUMINUM seems likely to take the place John Glasier, of. Glasgow University, has found that the only substances which attack an aluminum surface are oranges, lemons, brussels sprouts and towmatees. But even in these capes the ty of aluminum dissolved was so slight that 1§ could haye no effect whatever on either the ss gF the flavor of the food. Pane t affected by air at any tem- ture, and - s not blacken ag silver does. Kroner of its Advantages lies uy gase with ic be clean ) . oe pe of aluminum are the mest eco nomical, because the metal is so thin tht it heats up very quickly. When gas cookers weed this means a eonaifiable saving, as lesy is lost in warming up the ¢ of the vessel. This is particularly true in the ase of bojling was, ' ~ a x aged « A pogo apparently should he regarded as per sonal a possession as a tooth brush. It is advised not to use the apparatus in skiddy weather. Wet pavements and polished floors are danger zones for the pogo. And when the india rubber pad wears down the wise pogo jumper re- tires his stick until he gets a new pad. The Poge Stick Is a Bouncing §tilt on Which You Hop and Bounce Along Until You Lese Your Balance Mechanism of the "Pogo," or Jumping Suck * DE single lamp in connection with specially con- structed resistances, so that the intensity of the light may bg varied progressively. A revolving color-filley is placed before the lamp, and the mo- With This Color Orchestration, Lullabies May Be Played to Rest Tired Kyes as Well as Tired Ears. tion of this is eontrglied by the eperation of the rheostat. : Mrs. Greenewalt says that the gntire outfit is used as an adjunct to a regular orghestra equip- ment. from TREES baffle-plate of the separator go under the leaden partition and are forced into a wopden tank about 80 feet in height called a "reclaiming tower," The inside of this structure is filled with hollow acid- resisting tiles in order to increase the absorbing surface. Into the top of the tower a raw cpoking liquor for use in the digester tanks is pumped; it trickles down through the tiles, absorbing the gas, and finally leaves the tower from the bottom through a pipe that conveys it to a tank where it is stored umtil needed. The vapor thus saved represents real money. Instead of being permit. ted te escape into the air, it has enriched the liquor which is to be used in cooking fresh. wood. The method of conversion considered most ef fective was ipyented by Prof. Ralph H. McKee of Columbia University, formerly the efficial chemist gf the Paper & Pulp Association, Nearly all the sulphite turpentine as it comes fram the' pulp-mills, consists of the hydreearbon cymene. This ermde cymene is first passed through a mass of calcium chloride, which is the ordinary bleathing- powder used .in laundries. It bas a great affinity for water and dries owt most of the remaining sulphur solution. The sulphite turpentine ip again distilled. It is mixed with about b per cent. of its bulk of chloride of alu- minum while a stream of hydrochlerig-acid gas is passed through it. Here is one of the mysterics "of pcience. The'chloride of aluminum is a "ghemi. eal parson." A h no trace of it appears in any of the resulting products, it brings about cer- tain new unions of atoms that have undergone moleenlar divorce. Pure cymene, or tolgel, as it is often ealled, has now beerf obtained. The changing of this forest toluol into an ex- plosive is simple. It is combined with sulphuric and nitrie acids until it is triply nitrated--where- upon it becomes trinitrotolual, which is the proper name for TNT. : Thunderstorms De Not Cause Milk to Sour HUNDERSTORMS do not any more cause milk to turn sour than the souring of milk is: the cause of thunderstorms. By experi- ments to find the effect of eleetricity upon milk seigntists have exploded this old housewife belief that a thunderstorm will sour milk. It is not a thunderstorm that has anything to dn with the souring of milk, for scientists have demonstrated that it {8 eertain atmospheric condi- tions from which elegtrigal storms are developed that cause milk to sops, I may then be said. that the rupid souring of milk is an indication in sume mer that atmospherig gopditions are favorable for the development of either local or general thunderstorms; in faeh, Sgolch peasants regard the sudden souring of milk, not merely as an ac- complishment, but as § premonitory sign of a thunderstorm. According to 8: K. Pearagn, Jr., a co-operative observer of the United Styles Weather Bureau, « the "fall of the barometer (peduced air pressure) and high temperature and humidity are breeders of thunderstorms, and it is these three combined elements that cause the rapid souring of milk, 2s well as the rapid spoiling of other organic sub- stances, such as meat or fermentable liquids." "I believe that the first thorough investigation of this fallacy was carried out in France," adds Mr, Pearson. "Numerous samples of milk were submitted to the influence of air which had been electrified® by both spark and brush discharges, and eompared with milk exposed to non-electrified air, all other conditions being identical. Similar experiments were made in the lactic ferment it self. In neither case was the development of the ferment hastened by electrical discharges--ozone, nitrate of ammonia, ete. Numerous experiments proved that these gases instead of promoting the acidificatisn of the milk had an antiseptic effect. "Further scientific experiments of a technical nature werg earpied on in the laboratory until it was demongtrated that milk subjected to reduced atmespheric pressure produced much more rapid souring, particularly when the reduced pressure was combined with hegt arid humidity. Milk then placed on ice in a glosed ice box would not be entirely immune from the effects of two of these elements, as atmospheric pressv=e will change in an iog box as well as gut of it, and hu- midity will always be found near the ice." s