a a SO « = # [- Por. Those Who Read-"NReason Wild Creatures, Usually Fierce, Permit Lon- don Girl to Fondle Them and Even Let Her - Take Their Food From Them and Play With Her Meanwhile BY RICHARD MONTAGUE. (Special Correspondence) London, Saturday, HERE aren't very miny people--in London, anyway--who would care to put thelr heads into a hippo's mouth and spray an infected tooth with iodine; or reach through the bars of a leopard's cage and wrest a bone out of his mouth; or go into a wolf's inclosure and play with him for half an hour Yet Miss Gladys Callow, a shy and, to all appearances, timid little school teacher, thinks nothing of doing all this and more. Almost any sunny Saturday, Sunday or school holiday you may see her at the Regent's Park Zoo playing with her animal friends, surrounded by a large crowd of awestruck children and grownups. Besides hippos, leopards and wolves Miss Callow 1s on good terms with several lions, tigers, giraffes, alli- gators, eagles and vultures. Miss Callow is a pretty little woman of 25 or thereabouts, with dark eyes and reddish bobbed hair, She has a quiet; friendly manner and talks readily of her many animal acquaintances, which she does not consider at all remarkable. She teaches in an elementary school just outside of London, and it is only on holi- days and week ends that she has time to visit the Zoo. Often Called by Keepers To Diagnose Illnesses Miss Callow now has the run of the place and is often called upon by keep- ers to diagnose the condition of some sick animal or coax another out of a bad temper. She has been a constant visitor to the Zoo for four years and has grad- ually built up an amazing number of friendships with various animals and birds. When a representative of this paper found her in front of the open air lions cage Miss Callow had on a smart fur coat, a dress of some brown material, a chic little hat to match and shoes and stockings of the same shade. She was accompanied by her friend, J. k. Saunders, also an animal lover. The two were photographing a majestic old lion with whom they seemed on very friendly terms and who obligingly posed for his picture and held quite still while it was taker ~ Giraffes in the London Zoo are very friendly with Miss Call ee LULL eee ULL Miss Gladys Callow taking a bone from the friendly leopard. "I've always been fond of animals," said Miss Callow in response to the usual queries. "When I was a child I used to collect newts and lizards, which most children wouldn't think of keeping, though I was also fond of cats, dogs and other domestic animals. I have no mys- terious power over animals, but I do think T understand them, 1 always con- sider an animal tame no matter how bad his reputation until he has proved him- self otherwise." After photographing the lion Miss Cal- low and her companion moved on toward the leopards' cages. A splendid animal was pacing to and fro in one of them. "Rex!" called Miss Callow, and the leopard came immediately toward the bars. "This is Rex," she said, "isn't he an old dear? He's my favorite here. His keeper says he weighs 120 pounds, and 1 guess he does." Rex stretched himself and looked every ounce 120. "He almost talks to me," she added. Rex came from Africa two ana a half years ago," Miss Callow continued. "He wag nine months old then. When I first saw him he came up to the bars and rubbed against them, just begging to be petted. 1 couldn't resist him, and he's never hurt me the. least bit. Some time ago he was sick with a sore throat and wouldn't eat or drink anything for two days. The keepers sent for me, and Rex let me massage his throat through the bars and then drank some milk from my hand. He has often taken my hand into his 'mbuth. hut never thinks of biting. complacently Sometimes he puts his paw over my hand when I put it through the bars, but he's always very careful not to scratch me." "A'gentleman who didn't know Rex so well once attempted to stroke hiin through the bars," volunteered Mr. Saun- ders. "His hand was terribly clawed, and he told me afterward he'd never try to' fondle Rex again." ' "The report has got around that I often enter the cages of lions, tigers and leopards," Miss Callow continued. 'That is not so, though I often reach through the bars and pat them. I've patted and slapped Rex so hard that you could hear it all over the lion house. He likes me to slap him hard on the stomach, and then just laughs at me. I often .go into the cages of wolves, hippog and .eagles, though. "Two years ago I used to have a great friend in Buck, a wolf, which formerly belonged to the King of Bulgaria. He gave me a black eye once, but he didn't mean to. I was in his cage playing with him and he was burying his muzzle in my hair. Suddenly a child screamed, and Buck turned his head to see what caused the noise and banged me in the eye with his nose. "I've been injured on two other occa- sions through children suddenly scream- ing when they thought animals were about to hurt me. Once I was carrying a panda, or catbear, named Tony, when a child's screams so startled him that he scratched me quite painfully. Another time a genet bit three of my fingers on a similar provocation. But neither of these Flying in the Arctic Not Hard, Says H. 6 YING 1n the arctic circle is not : the unpleasant experience that one might imagine. In fact, of all the fiying I have done in different parts of the world and under varied cir- "The machine I used was built espe- cially for this purpose. I flew in it from Germany to Norway. From there it was transferred by boat to Spitzbergen, where I made my headquarters last summer. "Flying over the North Sea, over our Western coast and mountains, one very often encounters bad winds and other adverse conditions such as fog and rain, but flying in the arctic on a clear day is, I should almost say, an agreeable sport. For the most part I flew at an ave of 6,000 feet. An almost even tempera- ture is' maintained during the summer months in that far northern country of around gero. Being a Dane, I am accus- tomed to cold countries. My father was an officer in the Danish navy, and from him I learned something about care of one's self in traveling in unusual weather and unusual places that do not afford the comforts of modern civilization. "I flew within a couple of hours' flight to the pole," Mr. Hammer explained, "but the machine 1 used made it impossible for me to land. We are now having machines built in Germany for next year's flight. They will be built of metal, and' with these we shall be able to fly, float on the from careful survey more 'of that vast white land adjacent to the north gple. Their survey, ac planaed,: will cover an area of approximately 100,000 square miles. This task, he pointed out, would be infinitely easier and safer than the old time method of trying to reach this frozen section by boat or overland with dogs and many miles of suffering and hardship. This new mode of traveling, he ex- plained, would be comparatively safe, for the reason that the planes are to be equipped with wireless and therefore The New Tool Steel T was during the war that there was discovered in England a new alloy for tool steel. The shortage of tung- sten, it appears. caused the manufacturers to seek a substitute. The up to date steel is a Sheffield product, in chrome and A firm here melts the pigs and casts the metal in the form desired, m molds that allow for shrinkage, as in the case of soft forge work, milling cutters, crs, slotting saws and b animals meant anything by it, and I am still fricndly with both of them. I should still be 'friends with Buck, too, but he died some time ago." Two of Miss Callow"s greatest animal friends are Bob and Joan, hippos. - Bob is the hippo whose tooth she recently sprayed with iodine. "Most people when they see a hippo Shy School Ma'am Loved by Zoo Animals say either 'The ever open door' or "What ~ an ugly brute!' " she said. " I don't, and as a result" I get along finely with hippos." Miss Callow, who is a Fellow of the London Zoological Society, was asked by the society to take part in its official film of animal life in thé Zoo, and gave up her summer vacation this year to do it. She suggested that she do several "stunts" with animals for the film, one of which was the taking of a meat bone from the jaws of Rex. Another was her - entering the cage of a bad tempered golden eagle with whom she had become acquainted and permitting him to take a plece of rabbit meat from her hand, which he did "on the fly." for Animal Lovers If they Would be Safe Miss Callow has several "don'ts" for persois who desire to become friendly with Zoo animals. "You must not touch a lion's paws un- til you know him," she says. "And after you do know him don't draw your hand away when he puts his paw upon it. It's a sign of trust and you should consider it an honor. Don't ever wear furs when playing with lions, tigers or leopards. Fur suggests another animal and excites them. When you are dealing with a leopard watch his paws--they are his first weapons of attack. Leopards, lions and tigers you must treat like cats--they like to be stroked and patted. Wolves You must treat like big, savage dogs and not allow them to become too rough in their play. Finally, never turn your back on any powerful animal with which you are playing." With tigers and lions Miss Callow is thoroughly familiar. Mick, the tiger that the Prince of Wales brought home from India, allows her to reach through the bars and open his mouth to inspect his teeth. "I brought him a bone once," she said, "and he's never forgotten it. Some ani- ®als have strange antipathies. For in- stance, there's Daisy, the leopardess which can't stand Boy Scouts. I never play with her when they're around. Then there's Caroline, the lHoness that recently had cubs; she doesn't like I' "ht gray felt hats and becomes peevish whenever one appears. And ome eagle friend of mine can't stand white spats, they simply in- furiate him. Which last is undoubtedly a very natural and human trait " "Don'ts" ow, though usually they are most timid. TO TOE ON TO OO REE TT ORE TRE K. Hammer would be constantly in touch with the wireless station supported by the Govern- ment at Spitsbergen, only about 600 miles distant from the north pole. During his flights last summer Mr. Hammer was able to make many esting observations and obtain a num- ber of excellent photographs of the vari- ous sectiong over which he flew, includ- ing mountain ranges, huge ice floes and great snow formations. i " 2 we - 83 g3 fersiss What It Costs to Run a Government Department Treasury Has Largest Civil Personel and Handles Most Money of Any One Branch--Cost $145,016,850 in Last Fiscal Year for Administration Handling Billions in (Special Correspondence) Washington, D. C., Saturday. HE Treasury Department created by the fathers of the country te re- ceive, disburse and protect the na- tional revenue, has in nearly a century and a half gone far afield. It has many complex dutiesto perform, some of which arc apparently unrelated to the original purposes of the department, but which grew onto the organization as a result of some quirk in the revenue laws. Looming last among these activities is the police work necessary in enforce- ment of the national prohibition act. Dry enforcement is under the Treasury be- cause the revenue bureau policed the breweries and distilleries originally to collect taxes from them. In point of civil personnel and money handled and spent, the Treasury is the largest department in the Government. It is the greatest banking institution in the world, and since the world war has held most of the world's gold supply. Includes the Coast Guard And Public Buildings Maintenance of the department during the last fiscal year cost the taxpayers $145,016,850. Included in the Treasury Department expenditures, are those for 15900Q 0 The and. Taxes and Revenue In all the Treasury employs 17,749 per- sons in Washington and 42,000 others in various cities and towns, New York city having the greatest number. Salaries for these employees make up a payroll of $6,000,000 or more a year. Thé Treasury handles all of the fisca. or money affairs of the Government and has direction of the Federal Reserve and the national banking systems and direc- tion of the War Finance Corporation, the Farm Loan Board, the intermediate farm loan credit banks and other institutions. Turns Out Paper Money = And All Postage Stamps In addition the Treasury operates the Coast Guard, which includes the life sav- ing service. This organization was placed under the Treasury because in the early days a considerable naval organization was needed to check the smuggling of slaves and rum from the West Indies and valuables from Europe. It was, in fact, a customs police service. Now it has a new duty in the checking of smuggling be- cause of the free running of whisky and other spirits over the American coast line, The Public Health Service, formerly the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, which has performed a far reach- ing service in national sanitation and hygiene, is directed by the Treasury De- partment because its|first work was at the ports of the country in connection COST OF TING A FEW OF ITS BRANCHES the maintenance of the Coast Guard and for construction and maintenance of public bufldings. Supervision of public building work fell to the Treasury because that depart- ment originally contracted for Govern- ment building expenditures and it is hard to change Government routine. All of the great banking agencies of the Government are directly under Treas- ury Department supervision, as are the national banks, and even before the war the United States Treasury wielded the . greatest financial power in the world. Since then the sums handled have run high into the billions. The Treasury, of course, makes all of Uncle Sam's currency or paper money and all of the coins used and distributes them. The heaviest drain upon the Treasury to-day is the interest payments on the public debt--that is, on Liberty bonds and other Government securities. The pay- ments last year represented fifty cents on "each dollar collected by the Treasury in taxes or customs. It takes a force of 1,454 persons in Washington and a considerable field force to handle the public debt and the currency movement through the Treasury. Several million dollars were spent In salaries and in the purchase of the distinctive paper on which money is printed. ' The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which turns out all of the paper money, revenus and postage stamps employs 4,900 persons in Washington and costs to operate $5,500,000 a year. . manded big men. with quarantines and immigrant protec- tive measures. It has grown to vast na- tional proportions since. The service has 266 employees in Washington and thou- sands at the ports and in the fleld, spend- ing $39,000,000 a year. There are a great many other duties imposed upon the Treasury Department, including keeping all of the Government accounts, collecting the revenue and dis- bursing all moneys, buying all supplies for the Government in Washington, guard- ing the national banks, handling the vast sume involved in world and national financing, supervising receipts and ex- penditures and recommending: changes to Congress through the budget system. Officials of the department receive very low pay. The Secretary gets only $12,000 a year. The position has always com- At present the depart- ment is headed by Andrew W. Mellon, whose services could not be secured by private enterprise at any price. The undersecretary receives $7,500, the as- sistant secretaries receive $5,000 and $6,000 a year; the Commissioner of In- ternal Revenue, with a force of 20,000 em- ployees under him, receives only $10,000 a year, though he is charged with the col- lection of $3,000,000,000 or more in taxes. Other officials are similarly pald. The head of the customs service, which col: lects half a billion a year, gets but $5,000 salary. The Treasury has need of and, employs many technical men. It does not pay any of them, except the officials cited, more than $6,000 a year. - Know Your Own Country ~ EALTHFULNESS -- Conditions in Oklahoma are conducive to health. "Natural drainage is pro- vided by scores of creeks and rivers. The quitoes and other disease carrying in- sects. The prevailing winds are from products grown. Oklahoma has shorter rail hau! to ihe ocean poris than has od Already Oklahoma leads in oil produc- tion and is near the top in natural gas. Its coal fields are extensive, as are the forests of pine and. hardwood. Its ex- tensive salt deposits, building stone, ce- ment and other minerals are susceptible of much greater development. The State leads in production of lead and zinc. The farms of Oklahoma every year pro- duce much more wealth than all its min- erals combined. The United States Cen- sus returns and the statistical reports of the United States Department of Agri- culture credit Oklahoma with producing on a commercial scale fourteen different igen FHI £ aaah aa