or 'I'nose ---------------- ~ - Who Read COST BRI The Price of Artillery Preparation at Ypres; Book of Statistics Fig- ures Down to the Last Penny of War and to the Very Last Man, VERYBODY knows that the late and still lamented war was not only the biggest but the cost- liest war in history. Great Britain to show how rapidly modern warfare runs into money, &o that, for instance, the mere setting of the stage for a single battle may cost upward of $100,000,000, * During the fourteen days from July 17 to July 30, 1917, the British army was getting ready forthe third battle of Ypres. Part of this preparation consisted in a thorough bombardment of the German positions, during which the British guns expended. 4,283,660 rounds of ammunition. This ammuni- tion cost £22,211,389 14s. 4d. or ap- proximately $107,947,351 at normal ex- change, according to 'statistics of the military effort of the British Empire during the great war." -' This formidable volume, recently 'published with the sanction of the War Office, audits Armageddon and renders a cost accounting of destruc- tion with almost appalling minuteness, as witness the four pence noted .in the receipted bill for the preliminary bom- bardment at Ypres, which is further- more itemized to show the; different varieties and sizes of shell used. They ranged from 1,606 fired by the giant fifteen inch howitzers to 2.239.608 shrapnel and high explosive from the eighteen pounders corresponding to our three inch fleld gun. Next to these' the six inch howitzers consumed most shell--750,119--and the 4.5 inch sun was & close third with 728.345. The total cost of this preparation was greater than that of any other - indulged in by the British during the war. But the cost per day had mounted to an even higher level six weeks earlier, when, from May 20 to June 6, they were getting set for the battle of Messines. During a period of 'eleven days their artillérists' ex- 'pended 3,661,630 rounds at an approxi. mate cost of $85,075,602. This averages $7,734,227 a day, where the longer bom. bardment at Ypres averaged $7,710,525. Nearly 19 Million Dollars Was Burned Up in One Day But even Ypres and Messines do not represent the peak load. The heaviest expenditure in ay single day by the British armies in France was from noon to noon, September 28-29, 1918, when they pushed off for the final ad- vance in Flanders before the armis: tice. During these twenty-four hours 943,847 rounds were expended, very nearly twelve shélls a second or 720 & minute. * The stated approximate cost of this ammunition was $18,813, 060, which amounts to $783,878 an hour' and $13,064 a minute. Every time a watch ticked off a second that day the equivalent of $217.77, or more monthly income of the aver , went up in smoke. are for artillery am- France alone, where ngth of Ahe British and labor units, on 1, 1918, was 1,966,737 offi- cers and men. And this was only one theaters of war in which forces were operating. the same date, their num- 630; In Salonice, 188,007; Africa, 115,670; in 468,246; In Mesopotamia, 408;- Aden 11461, giving a grand 1h the expeditionary this must be added the es- strength of British and co- troops - at-home, 1,603,384, and Burmah and the garrisons of This brings the total of British land ore the Armistice E 5 Hy i | ies nies cost correspondingly great sums The "Statistics® states that for the from "April 1, 1914, to March -- period fx 81, 1919, five full fiscal years, the army 'proper "was equivalent to It remained for. «as £707,634,110, had on April 1, 1920, Six years later, become £7,8356.000,000, equivalent to $34,638.998,225, and an increase of 1,007 per cént. The total provision of men for the army, all ranks and colfrs, during the whole war, way 8,654.467, a contribu- tion of man power, actording to the "Statistics, second only to France, though the actual figures of the strength of the French armies are not available for comparison. The third largest contribution was made by the United States In sending approxi- mately 2,000,000 men to Ffance in the A. E. F. . 3,000,000 Casualties, More wounds received as 2,090,212. Of the cead 702,410 were natives of the Brit- ish fsles. 59,330 were Australians, 56, 639 were Canadians and 62,056 were In- ian natives. The variations in the length of the line held by British forces in France and Flanders is given in another tabla. It ranged from twenty miles in Sep- tember, 1914, following the retreat from Mons and the first battle of Ypres, to a maximym of 123 miles in February and March of 1918, after which it steadily declined unti! it meas- ured sixty-four miles at the cessation of hostilities on November 11. In regard to discipline 304.262 offi- a .cers and soldiers were tried by courts- Than a Third of Man Power martial during the war. Of these, The number of casualties among British troops in all theaters of war up to November 11, 1918, is given as 3,084,- 018, or more than 35 per cent. of the total man power employed. Of these 689,246 were killed or died of wounds or 270,927 victed. These courts passed 3.980 death sen. tences, of which only 346 were carried out, however, three of the culprits be- ing officer, one of them found guilty almost 90 per cent... were con- TISH $100,000000 - . TO STAGE SINGLE BATTLE munitions, regarding which the "Sta. tistics" go into minute detail From an output of only 245,400 empty and 526,300 filled shell of all calibers In the period from August to December, 1914. the manufacture of gun ammunition was increased to a peak output of $4,167,000 empty and 87,668,053 filled shell during 1917. The total' output during the war period. was 258,397,100 empty and 218,280,586 filled shell Production of War Materials And-the Building of Tanks Production of high explosive wap built up from 11,891 tons in the last quarter of 1915 to a peak of 259,665 tous in 1917 and a total for the war of 603,364 tons, of which 200,534 tons were TNT and 332.193 tons were am- monium nitrate. Propellants, includ- ing cordite, ballistite and NCT, in- creased from 12967 tons in 1915 to 8 WHEN EVERY SHOT COST THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS disease, the greatest proportion of these mortalities, 661,335, occurring among the forces in France. The wounded numbered 2,035,965. These figures take ne account of the reduction of the number of effectivés through' such casualties as ordinary illness, and which In several of the theaters were the cause of very heavy "wastage." In ance, for example, though the maxim strength at any one time was 4,046,901, the total per- sonnel employed ing the war period was 5,399,563, requiring heavy replace- ments, The operations in Mesopotamia created the heaviest wastage of all. There the maximum strength on any date was 447,531, and the total person- nel employed during the operations was 889,702, or all but double, largely because of heavy casualties from sick- ness, there being only 31,768 battle mortalities, 61,1566 wounded and 15,350 missing and prisoners. Another table gives the approximate number of British casualties from tho outbreak of war in 1914 to December 81, 1920, as 908,371 soldiers dead in or through the war, and the number of of thurder and the other two of de- sertion. Desertion, with 266 death penalties inflicted, constituted the chief capital offense. Murder was sec- ond, with thirty-seven death penalties inflicted, and cowardice third, with eighteen cases. Joq,000 Court-Martialed and Most of Them Were Convicted Between Dedember 16, 1914, and Au- gust §, 1918, Great Britain was ex- posed to forty-gight Zeppelin raids, of which twelve Included London; JMifty- nine airplane raids, of which twenty included London, and to twelve bom- bardments from the sea by German war vessels, The airship raids killed 556 and wounded 1,857 persons, and the air- planes killed 857 and wound&d 2,050, while the bombardments killed 157 and injured 634, The total number of cas- ualtles from the three Gauses was 5,611, of whom all but 752 were civil ians. The ralds and bombardments killed 411 women and 295 children and injurefl 1,210 women and 772 children. Another significant measure of the ------ Counterfeiter H A BRITISH GUN WORKING 'FROM CAMOUFLAGE IN |1918 war effort is found In the output of peak of "204,809 tons in 1917, and a war total of 432,183 tons. For trench warfare a total of 19, 096 trench mortars' and howitzers were put out and ,315 rounds of ammunition for th The dutput of hand grenades was increased from 2,152 in 1914 to a peak of 34,867,968 in 1916, and a total of 100,102,719 for the war. Machine guns were increased from 274 in 1914 to\an output of 120,864 in 1918 and a war total of 239,840, while rifles, numbering 120,093 in 1914, were built up to a peak output of 2,123,287 In 1917 and a war total 5.090.442, of which 1,117,850 were manufactured in the United States. 'The war total of small arm ammuaition for machine guns and rifles. was $,637,112,000 rounds, of 'which 876,687,000 rounds were manufactured in the United States. The first tanks, a Bpittsh device in origin, were built durfng the last half of 1916, 150 of them. During 1917 the output was 1,277 and during 1918 it was 13981, giving a total output. of 2.818 tanks. ' tee. as No Chance; Always Caught Chief Moran of the Secret Service Gives Comprehensive By DONALD A. CRAIG. WASHINGTON, Saturday. OUNTERFEITING is in danger Ce becoming a Tost art in the United States. The reason is twofold: The ac- tivity of the Government detectives and improvements in the designs counterfeiters; for they are becom- : ing fewer and their' efforts to "beat the Government" less energetic and ' Present day methods of counter- feiting are far inferior to those of ten and twenty years ago. Counter- feit bills now placed in circulation are generally sd poorly executéd that even the novice in 'handling money can detect them. At one time some counterfeit bills were so ' cleverly Made that they defied detection until when worn and torn they came to the Treasury Department for re- demption. It is different now. Present Day Criminal Methods "Prove Inferior to Past ns Data Showing That the Ranks of This Criminal Type Are Thinning Every Year vice, whose duty it is to ferret out the perpetrators °F Jykiow money, and the office of surer, the task of which is to detect the coun- terfeit bills as soon as they come fu for redemption. : Two Bureaus Busy Working To Curb Counterfeiting The "Sherlock Holmes of the Secret Service" is Mr. Moran. He was rought up in it. He believes that Therefore he rarely comments functions of his department that "we did this" or on the ably six feet tall and weighs around 200 pounds. He has gray hair nd eyebrows and plercing blue eyes. 'His features are strong and regular. He smokes a cane pipe with a long stem, somewhat in the' Sherlock Holmes fashion, when he tackles the job of Geciphering some particular elusive mystery. The Secret Service chief does not bellevy in publicity. His views have resulted in the separation from the service of several good detectives. Not long ago he picked up a paper and saw\the picture of one of his men taken at the White House ac- companying the President. The man was promptly called in and dis- charged because, according to 'Mr. Moran, "any sensible crook would remember the face." After two or three White House Secret Service men had been fired for this reason the rest of them took particular pains to retire into the background when- ever the camera man appeared. "The counterfeiter is the worst of all crooks and the bitterest enemy of mankind," Mr. Moran says. "He attempts to shake the faith of his country In its currency. counterfeiter should be tracked down and relentlessly prosecuted." Mr, White, tbs Treasurer; who is responsible for 'the detection of counterfeits wen they reach his Department for redemption, says that nowadays the worthless cur- rency is of so poor a quality that its spurious character is largely de- tected by the banks. Mr. White can remember when counterfeit bills came Into his office for redemption by banks after they had been in cir- culation for five and ten years and passed through the hands of hun- dreds of banks without being spotted. He can also remember that many years ago a prisoner in one of the Federal penitentiaries made a coun- terfeit fifty dollar bill so cleverly that even a good many Treasury ex- perts were fooled. The' prisoner made the bill merely to demonstrate his skill and presented It to the Gov- ernment. It now hangs in a small glass case in Mr, White's office. "1 suppose the reason counterfeits are not as good ag they used to be is because the counterfeiters are in too blg a hurry nd too anxious to turn out quantity rather than quality," sald Mr. White. "I think counter- feiting is on the decline, and when our new. bills are placed in circula- tion it will stop a lot more of it. "A favorite method of counterfeit- ing now is to take a ten dollar bill and clip the "0" off of it and paste it on another ten dollar bill, thus glv- Ing it the appearance on hasty in- spection of a $100 bill, This trick is pulled quite often, but the man who is duped moon discovers it. Sometimes the crooks do not even go to the trouble of tearing up one ten dollar bill to make a hundred out of another. They take a cigar or cig- arette coupon and clip the "0" off it. "This scheme was pulled on a New York bootlegger not long' aga. The customer of the bootlegger purchased $300 worth of whisky. The transac- tion was coffipleted in a dark alley. Payment was made with three bills which seemed to be $100 bills, But when the bootlegger got to a light and examined his money he discov- ered he really had three ten dollar bills and the "0" of a cigar coupon pasted on each. The bootlegger car- ried his protest to Federal authori- ties and the man who passed the spurious bills was apprehended. "Almost invariably one of three plans is now used in making coun- terfeit money. One is to photograph the bill to be counterfeited and to engrave a design from the pleture. The bills are then printed by the Wholesale. Most all of the coloring is done by hand. A poor quality of paper is more often used for this counterfeit bill. The two sides of the bill are printed on this paper and are pasted together and lined with small fragments of silk. Usually this' type of counterfeit is easily detected by any one experienced in the hand- ling of money. "Another method is to bleach a one dollar bill of all coloring and to print thereon a bill of much highet denomination, a $100 or a $500 note. It all depends on the engraving and th loring how genuine this type of feounterfeft appears. Sometimes it is quite good, while often it is readily detected. Splits $100 Bills in Two, Making Two With Ease "The third method is to split a one dollar bill and a one hundred * bill each in f. - Then one side of the-one hu dollar bill is pasted 10 one side of the one dollar bill, the other sides of both bills being handled in the same manner. In this way the crook has what seems to be two $100 bills. The crook never attempts to pass these bills unti) he can select some one in a grocery or in a big hurry, his bill. The chances of the Crook that it will not 'But it § 5H itl : Hh ihr a 71 JCA SOT He is an enemy against government. .Every more money if they had directed thelr efforts Into honest channels. How 'Jim the Penman' | Was Caught by Merest Chance "The case of Jim the Penman' is a good Ulustration of that point. 'Jim the Penman" was probably America's most clever counterfeiter.. |i cannot give his name or the details about bim' because he is now alive and 'making an honest living. "'Jim the Penman' about twenty years ago lived as a farmer outside a smal] city in New York State I! made two counterfeit $50 bills each month. They wer so good that their apuriow: character was never detected until they reached the Treasury Department. Secret r- vicé men were placed on the trail of the counterfeiter, but never could work--Jim the Pennfn:- So with secret rarvice men | called on him. * "He absolutely denied any knowl edge of the bill. But we did not be- lieve him. As we were about to drag im away to fail his daughter came In and confessed that it was she who had 'made the $5 bill. She explained that she had wanted to see it she 'could do it as well as dad, and whether she could 'get away with it.' After she had been severely lectured and had promisd never to do it again we let her go." 3 There are several "dangerous" counterfeit bills tn circulation now, te the knowledge of Mr. White Here are descriptions of some of them: A $10 bill on the Federal Reserv Bank of Chicago. The check letter is "D." face plate No. 383. back plate Latest Warning Sent , By the Secret Service NEW COUNTERFEIT $10 FEDERAL Ree SERVE NOTE. On the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Ill.; check letter "D""; face plate number 333; back plate number 880; A. W. * Mellon, Secretary of the Treas- ury; Frank White, Treasurer of the United States; portrait of Jackson, This is a poorly executed counterfeit, apparently printed from 'crudely etched plates, on a single piece of paper, red and blue ink lines being used to imitate the silk fiber of the genuine. The only redeeming features of this counterfeit are the seal and serial numbers, which are of good color and execution. The note as a whole should be readily detected. i W. H. Moran, Chief of the they locate him or where he was ooerating. "One 'Jim the Penman' went into town" with his farm products. He sold them and then entered a clothing store and made some small purchases, in payment for which he tendered a $50 bill "Two hours later the teller was counting the money in the cash box preparatory to taking it over to the bank. She wet her thumb from time to time to keep the bills from stick- In¥ together. She wet it just before she came to the $50 bill, which when she touched it seemed to smear a little. This scemed so unusual that she stopped to examine it. She wet her thumb again and ran it across bill. Again it smeared. This was so strange she called it to the attention of the proprietor, who took it, to the bank himself. "The clerk in the store by chance remembered who had given him the $50 bill. So a few days later secret service men called on 'Jim the Pen- man' and arrested him. "Jim the Penman' had bought an inferior quality of ink. Had this not happened he would probably have worried Treasury officials and secret service men for many years, and might even yet be operating. He was sentenced to twenty years in jail, but was released before his time expired for good behavior. "So good was the work of 'Jim the Penman' that only a few months ago a $50 bill showed up at the Treasury Department that had been in circula- tion for over twenty-five years. It had passed through the 'hands of hundreds of banks, which never oncé' Guestioned its genuineness™ His Daughter Latér Tried To Make a Bill as Good "There. was an interesting sequel of the story of 'Jim the Penman.' A few years ago there came to my office a counterfeit $6 bill so cleverly executed that I knew Immediately where it came from. Only one man in this country could do such clever U. 8. Secret Service. No. 880, signed A. W. Mellon, Becre- tary of the Treasury, and Frank White, Treasurer of the United States. On it is a portrait of Jacik- son. This counterfeit is rather poorly executed and is printed from crudely etched plates on a single plece of paper, red and blue ink lines being used to imitate the silk fiber of the genuine. New Bad $10 Bill Easy" For Any One to Detect A $10 bil on the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. This counterfeit Is printed from photographie plates on two pieces of paper between which silk threads have been distributed. Coloring matter has been applied to the seal and numbering on the tace of the bill, and the back is printed with the green toning solution: To any one familiar with currency tke spurious character of this bill should be readily determined. A 32 bill on the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. This counterfeit is apparently printed from very crudely zinc etched plates on one piece of paper bearing no silk threads or Imitation of them. The counter- felt is so poor that it should not de- Leive any one accustomed to han- dling money. A $20 bill on the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. This bill ts poorly executed. It is hand engraved, with the exception of portrait, which is photographically produ Paper poor qualify. No silk th or imi- tation of them. Word "authorized" in small letters upper left of note spelled "autorized." A $5 silver certificate, This coun- terfeit is very deceptive. Many are in circulafion, and the Treasury warns that everybody be on guard against them. A novel stheme has just come to the attention of the Treasury ODe- partment for counterfeiting silver money. The method was to dip a new peace dollar into gold and ass ft as a $20 gold plece. The perpe- trator of this scheme has been ar. rested. ] -------------- May and Louise. a Now Maisie is sweet, She is pretty and wise, With the nfcest of lips, And the bluest of eyes, With a trim little figure. And two tiny feet, And nicer than Maisle You never could meet. But, while I love Maisie-- This life is so funny-- We be married Tn a ar And I'm short of cash False Lure. \ The little winds of Araby Go swinging down the ; Sweet with the scént of sindalwood And gentle as a sigh. Ex They tell the tale of olfen days Smug slaves in offices and banks, Tired tollers for a fee Ralsé desk bowed heads to sniff the wind That comes from over sea. They know not that within their hearts Some atavistic call = Is urging them to wander far And gamble life and all. ¥et wise men steadfast stand nor stir | (Béneath the song is les!) When the luring winds of Araby Come calling down the sites. © Awgrs Outside, "4 -