Ea "ALBERT L.CLOUGH. Testing Cylinders For Gas Tightness The First Requisite Of A Powerful, Economical Engine Is Good Compression 3 THE OCCASIONAL TESTING OF THE ENGINE'S COMPRESSION, with a view to detecting cylinder leaks, should be an item in the maintenance schedule of every car. To make this test, choose a time when the engine is warm, remove all spark-plugs except that in number one cylinder and attach the handecrank. The erank should turn perfectly freely through ong full rotation and more than half of another and then cranking should suddenly meet with a strong resistance as the inlet valve of number one cylinder closes. This resistance should be sustained and the crank should tend to fly backward when the force applied to it is removed, because the gas, as it is compressed by the piston, acts as a spring. It should be possible to crank the piston partly through this compression stroke and have the crank spring back quite a number of times before the gas contained in the cylinder leaks out, if the valves, piston rings and the gaskets are In first rate condition, and if this is the case, the cylinder®under test is all right, so far as gas tightness 1s con- cerned. If, on the contrary, the resistance offered to cranking is only temporary and the piston can be moved through its compression stroke with very little effort, with a hardly perceptible tendency for-the crank to spring back, when released, and if meanwhile a hissing sound of escap ing gas is heard, the cylinder under test is leaky and is incapable of developing adequate compression. When cylinder number one has thus been tested and the result noted, the spark-plug should be taken out and screwed into number twa cylinder and a similar test of its gas tightness made--this procedure being repeated until all the cylinders have been tried out and memoranda made of their condition. If an engine is fitted with priming-cocks, it is not absolutely essential to remove any spark- plugs to make the compression test, it being only necessary to keep all the priming cocks open except the one in the cylinder under test. How: ever, as the passage of gas through these cocks is rather slow and makes a noise that prevents leakage from the cylinder being tested from being readily heard, the slight labor of removing and replacing the spark-plugs ie fully warranted by the more positive results that are thereby obtained Instead of judging, by the "feel" of the crank, how well each cylinder retains its charge, the readings obtained from a pressure gage, screwed into the spark-plug hole of each cylinder successively, can be used, but $200 to $400 Saved on this Studebaker Light-Six More Timken bearings than any come petitive car within $1,500 of its price. Genuine leather cushions, ten inches deep. Unusual equipment. Crankshafts machined on all surfaces as was done in the Liberty Airplane Mo- tors. This to insure perfect balance. ' 25,000-mile audited tests made on 329 cars show lower operating cost by 11.49 ghan the average of its rivals, - 72-year traditions Built by a-maker whose name for 72 has stood for quality and class, Why Gum-Dipped Cords Carry You Farther at Less Cost How far a tire goes depends upon how mych friction is generated inside the carcdes, for friction causes wear in a tire just as it does in your motor. . In Firestone Gum-Dipped Cords a special ,Fireston rocess thoroughly insulates each cord in a solution of new, ive rubber. o cannot rub together, so friction is . guarded against and wear minimized. You can reduce your tire expenditure this season by equipping with Gum-Dipped Cords. They wil carry you farther at less cost and help make every mile safe and on is # Jul you who likes to give valus. H ore is a dealer near you who likes to give value. - sells Firestone Gum:Dipped Cords and Steam-Waelded Tubes " e--the.tube that increases mileage because it is leak proof. + "Here is a car priced at $1,465 which, built by ordinary methods, would cost you from $200 to $400 more. It is in scores of ways the leader of its class. No rival car compares in the value that it offers. . It is built by the largest maker of fine cars in the world. By a maker who builds 150,000 quality cars per year. So such _major costs as engineering, overhead, dies, etc., are divided by 150,000. It is built in a model plant, with up-to. date machinery. And the savings go to FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY OF CANADA, Limited, Ontario, ~~ Tivestone | QUM-DIPPED OORDS Most Miles Per Dollar © ___MOORE'S 7206-8 Wellington Street FIRESTONE TIRE DISTRIBUTORS THE MONARCH BATTERY i Has proven its bigh qualities. For that 'ressem the leading dealers recognize its superiority, and now stock them and recommend them to Automobile Owners and Radic Fas. Ask for the Monarch MADE IN KINGSTON. The Monarch Battery Ce. Limited 273 ONTARIO STREET, KINGSTON, ONT. PHONES 886-887. nn ---- * CHEVROLET --an essential in business -- =a necessity to most families Acre the greatest and most practical of man's inventions, one of the most vital instruments in modern business and one of the most useful and beneficial influences in family life is the modern automobile. Dependable, Comfortable, speedy, unconfined in scope, unlimited in endurance and eminent- ly practical in the economy of its operation, the automobile has Sontributed more to man's earning power and to his enjoyment and health than any other single factor. And ymique among automobiles, Chevrolet Pri everything any car can afford at a cost that is unapproached by another fully Syuipped quality car in the world. Chevrolet has power to go any place and do any- thing that is possible for any other car, and at : the same time it holds the world's record for low running cost and economy of upkeep. : Make a personal inspection of Chevrolet. ~~ Examine it thoroughly. Ask us for a demon. stration. cae Ask us about the G.M.A.C. Deferred Payment Plan Soe Kos K , "economical transportation, T. J. ALEXANDER, Dealer, . ARDEN, ONTARIO. 'Phone 8 r 21. . the there is no great advantage in using such an instrument. NOISY TIMING-GEARS W, H. C. asks: What is the remedy for noisy timing-gears? Although my engine has seen a lot of service, it runs well, but I am annoyed by the growling of, these gears, especially when it Is run- ning idle. Answer: If these are straight- tooth gears, perhaps the engine manufacturer can now supply re- placement gears of the spiral-tooth type, which will run more quietly, but if the distance between shaft centers has been considerably al- tered by the adjustment of crank- shaft bearings, you will have to take this into account in ordering the new gears. Unless the cam- shaft bearings are properly tight, there will be noise. There are non-sonorous gears, of fabrie or compositicn, which run very quiet ly and these are made to replace the metal gears of most popular engines... One gear of 'this type, mating with an unworn metal gear, is a largely used combination. The more uniformly yod can make your engine idle, the less ycu wil) hear from its timing-gears. 1 FOUR-WHEEL BRAKE QUERY H. E. T. asks: A motorcar sales. man recently stated to me that four-wheel brakes afford double the stopping effect that redr-wheel brakes do. "It this so? Answer: We believe this state- ment involves some exaggeration. According to the best mathemati- cal ;analysis we have seen of this problem, four-wheel brakes afford about 76 per cent. added retarding effect, when applied just short of the locking point. Our impression Is that the practical results fall somewhat short of even this value, because it {s quite usual to so ad- just matters that the front brakes cannot readily be made to bring their wheels to the locking point, even in straight ahead running. thus sacrificing some of their theo- retical retarding effect. This whole matter is by no means one of exact calculation and is still open to dis- cussion, but we feel that it is ex- treme to claim double retarding power for the four-wheel brake equipment. The Obstructed Carburetor Jet WHEN AN ENGINE that is warm and has perfect ignition, rather en its throttle is opened slightly or jets, by dirt lodged in them. Some plying a very intense suction to the oline to pass through them to wash this result the following procedur successful, will obviate the necess! With the car running at good speed, simultaneously open the throttle wi few seconds and then at once resto normal positions. 'The rapidly rotat Jets, which may cause enough gaso- out the obstruction. To accomplish e Is sometimes advised, which if ty of taking the carburetor apart: on a level-road or slight downgrade, de and close the choker tight for a re both throttle and choker to their ing engine acts as a powerful suction pump and, with the choker closed, this suction acts at full force upon the Jets. Whether or not "the operation proves a success," the engine will not run properly until its gasoline-flooded cylinders clear but very often, when they have done this, normal work buretor will be found to have been restored. "KEROSENE a2 NON-FREEZ- L.B. V. fiks: Js it a good thing to use lamp oil in the radiator of & car, Instead of' water, in cold weather? Answer: It is certainly much better to keep the cooling system filled with kerosene than with water in cold weather as freezing osene, and if there are no leaks in the cooling system, some people find kerosene Quite satisfactory, but it is generally con- ceded that a mixture of denatured alcohol and water in the right pro- portions or a suitable mixture of alcohol, glycerine and water is the best anti-freeze liquid. ENGINE LUBRICATION TROUBLES naing, advised Althotigh I have refilled with fresh oil. Why Is this? | use a quart of ofl to each ten gallons of gas and the engine smokes. Why this waste? Is eight: quarts sufficient tor one filling of this engine? Answer: We suggest this test. Disconnect the o!l gage tube at the pump. when the engine is idling. If oi] escapes under pressure from the gage' or its pipe is at fault. If no oil escapes, the pump is not working, because its suction pipe is leaky, the filter screen stopped up or the pump itself is air-bound. Try filling the pump with ofl through the gage-pipe hole, but if this does not start the circulation you better have the. ng aystem inspected. Bix quarts of oil is recommended as sufficient for one filling and if you are using eight quarts this may ac- count for the engine's smoking and excessive loss of oil. One quart of oil to ten gallons of gasoline is not at all unusual, but is away above the best modern practice. FLUSHING OUT THE CRANK- CASE : ps P. W. 8. writes: With the car I formerly owned, the instructions were not to flush out the crank case with kerosene after drawing off the old oil, but with the one I now drive, the use of kerosene is recommended. Why this differ ence of opinion? Which is right? : If the construction is such that all the kerosene can be drained, so that none will remain to mix with and thin the fresh oll, flushing out the crank case with kerosene, by turning the engine te generally Approved, but If the design is such that con- siderable of the kerosene has to be left In the crank case to dilute the new oil, its use is commonly against. If the lubrica- tion system comprises splash which when once filled with kerosene cannot be emptied of it. ity use is not favored, but with most full pressure i oh ole, the pump fs working and 3 you in'values none can match, Some extra values Same steels as we use in the costliest Whose assets of $90,000,000 are staked on serving you better than others. Whose model factories costing $50,000,000 have been mostly built in the past five years. i o By Studebaker, for whose cars last year "ars we build. On some we pay 15%, pre- 1, Bi people paid $201,000,000. Whose mium to makers to get them exactly right. sales have almost trebled in three years. Designed and built under an engineering ("0 STEP TH Light-Six offers. department which costs $500,000 yearly. See its many extra values, its beauty, its Each car gets 32,000 tests and inspec. comfort, its luxury. tions in the making. : Do that and you will choose this car if The bodies are beautiful creations. The you have in mind anywhere near this finish and coach work show the final touch. price, 9 BIG-SIX S-Pass. 119-in. W.B. SOH.P. 7.Pass. 126in W.B. GHP -- As Touring . . . . . $2000 TPowlag' . '.-. . 173s Roadster (2-Pass.) . ,. 1970% Speedster (5-Pass.) . 198s Coupe (5-Pass.) . . . 2665 Coupe (5-Pass.) . . "hy eilite iy 2138 Sedan . . . . . 2860. Sedan . . . . . (AR prices f.0. b. Walkerville, Ont., exclusive of taxes. Terms to meet your convenience) THE CENTRAL GARAGE LIMITED Distributors Brock and Montreal Sts. HH LIGHT.-SIX S-Pass. 112-in. W.B. 40H. P. To sow aso SMES Roadster (3-Pass.) . . So Pant Pam) wie %e Sedan SPECIAL-SIX Phone. 600 THE WORLD'S LARGEST PRODUCER OF QUALITY AUTOMOBILES AN \ oN \ Nae : \ ) hast Srey { \ | \S | \ \ ELAR \ \ \ § \ \ : ) eR : ~~. ComfortinAnyWeather Safety for Emergencies OLID COMFORT is the inevitable result of McLaughlin-Buick mechanical perfection -- the comfort of a car properly balanced -- the comfort of deep upholstering -- genuine leather, of course. Protection against wind, rain and cold provided by the snug-fitting side curtains made with overlapping flaps to keep out the strongest breeze, giving closed car comfort in a touring model. Complete protection against the unfore- seen emergency--the protection of McLaughlin. Buick tested Four-Wheel Brakes, 'which reduce the stopping distance by and eliminate skid- ding. Such is the protection afforded by this new, Master Six Touring. . In addition there is the knowledge that io detail of comfort or convenience has been overjooked in the designing of "Canada's Standard Car". __ °' Angrove's Auto Sales, ¥ ~~ A.man's tendency to give advice - We are shipping shoe polish to Questions on; general Is In Inverse ratio to his ability to Africa. Bet they use it for cold mind his own business. . ; . : SARRRRRRNS I pata Be