TR AAT hs . Sn SSRI I "Mammoth Airships to Circle the Empire Britons Bui ri ding Distances. Vessels That Will Cross the Atlantic in Less Than a Day. To Be Constructed of Steel. AIR MINISTRY GUARDING SECRETS struggle of R.83 to get back to its moorings, the confidence of the They | British Air Ministry that i* would |W 3 was brought out of re- because the British Gov- has definitely decided to pport a big ship policy for the air. alone in the venture. Pri- companies are undertaking the of several large craft also, most pretentious being a design Commander Burney, a member Parliament. His propostion was laid before the Government in hope of adoption. Its rejection the ground that it might assist the creation of a monopoly so as Britain is concerned, led to becoming a purely private ven- Burney aims at a craft that will one hundred and forty pas- beside the crew, and be ecap- of a sustained speed of 70 to 0 miles an hour for ten or twelve hat fom Briain to New do so, was tinctured by the desire to know how the vessel behaved in a technical sense. The verdict fis favorable, and combined with the ' lingering have played their part in Totaling development of the tain. Perhaps these were £9 on the failure of the Zeppelin. But the Zeppelin was only a step in the progress of the air liner of the present and the future. Building Monster Oraft The craft in which the British Government is most inter- ested in at this time is the R.101. It will be all-British, 703 feet in length with a maximum speed of 75 miles an hour and accommoda- tion for 100 passengers, and is be- ing built by the Air Ministry. Its trial trips are booked for July of next year and if they are as suc- cessful as is hoped, will be followed by a journey to one of the outlying portions of the Empire with pas- sengers and mall. There are secrets in the building of the R.101 which are jealously guarded. They are the culmination of experiments covering a number of years and some of which have al- ready stood severe test. It is said that this vessel will be the first of its kind to be constructed of steel 80 far as the hull is concerned. It will be stainless steel at that, easily painted to suitable colors in the event of war-time, for the aim is to make it a convertible cruiser such as is now done with some of the fast Atlantic liners. A sister ship, the R.100, is being built for the Air Ministry by a private firm, and will be subjected to similar tests and trials as its twin. While these vessels for the Gov- ernment and private parties are under construction the R.33, the R.36 and the R.80, old air vessels, as age goes in aeronautics and all having much in common in the way of construction, will continue to undergo a variety of severe tests. For the R.36 these will include a non-stop flight to Egypt and per- haps beyond. The intemtion is to got additional information as to the| Sites of of tropleal aad semi-tropical on various points of con- raion, engines, gas containers, and propellers. As to CC latter it has already been decided that they should be of stesl, it having been found that varying climates have a variety of effects upon this import- ant 1 Dare of airships and airplanes. Sir Sefton Brancker, a few weeks ago completed an airplane journey from London to India and return for the express purpose of selecting an aerial route to that country. The dtmey) tes encountered on the way ere insignificant compared with hs of earlier flights, so perfect is the airplane becoming as a p ger carrier. Nothing has been made public as to the result of that flight, beyond the merest routine detail, but it is stated that the skyway to be followed on the first airship fiight to India is already fully map- ped, and will be adhered to. It lies high because it has been found that better speed can there be 'made. One English writer who has been investigating the work on a super and the possibilities of the airship, puts it in this way: -- '"This, therefore is our prospect. It is to send up great ships of metal till they enter 'windways' moving at heights and speeds almost incred- fble to lowly earth-felk. Manoeuw- ring from one to another of the im- mense 'tides' in which their own speed will be augmented by that of the body of air in which they are moving, these 'magic' carpets will so annhilate distance that ultra- modern adventurers, vanishing sky- ward beyond human view, may girdle the globe, not in 80 days, as did imperturable Mr. Fogg, but in the new alr-age record of about a hundred hours! "A trans-ocean 'air express' man- oeuvred into a vast, swiftly rushing 'tide' of the upper air, is expected to devour distance at five miles a minute." Greater Still to Come While immediate effort is being concentrated on the R.101 and ships of that class, or of approximately the same size, plans are already under consideration for still larger vessels, so confident are the engi- neers of the Air Ministry and of private concerns alike ' of success. One of these plans calls for a dirig- ible 1,000 feet in length, a crew of twenty, 1,200 passengers and all the gil fuel necessary for a cruise of 5,000 miles. Moving and still pictures have familiarized many people with in- terior sections of some of these monster airships. Each one is bet- ter than the other in this respect, and the accommodation on a vessel like the R.101 will not be less com- fortable for the individual than it RS. HEWGILL WAS AWARDED $1,666.66 (Continued from Page 1.) 'the accident, though less able to fix i» distance to which the Treadgold # travelled before stopping. To ¥. Nickle she said she heard Rollie when Miss Irwin sounded the , "It is running anyway." Miss In yelled to Rollie to look out be- he came round the car. The on the Treadgold car were bright and easily seen. The Tread- gold car, after coming back to their "ear, went round behind to give them push. The Defence: " Atbert Treadgold, the only witness for the defence, said that he had split bottle of beer with Deschanes that at his home, but had had no pre after that and was sober that t. He first saw the Lavoie car when jween 150 and 200 feet away. It med pretty well towards the mid- of the road. He commenced to out then and passed it abou' feet away. There was no tail tht on the Lavole car. He first saw pwgill when he had got up opposite Lavole car. He seemed to jump ght in front of his car, waving an and one leg in the air. The im- threw Hewgill about fifteen feet ds the right side of the road. at once started to stop, which he in about fifty feet on the left side "of the road. He and Mr. Lemmon got out, and Mr. Houze, the other oc- supant of the car, brought the car over to the right side of the road for cars to pass. It was a Ford pupe. The deceased young man d to suddenly appear out of the ! 5. Witness was going about 0 to 25 miles an hour. He had driven a car all of eight years. To Mr. Cunningham witness sald road there was 28 feet from ditch diteh, with 19 feet of macadam. pants (witness weighing 185 pounds and the other two not being much lighter). Witness claimed such a speed would have thrown him into the ditch because his left wheels were on the gravelled part of the highway. This led Mr. Cunningham to crods-examine him very thorough- ly as to the position of the Lavoie car. He showed the witness that in previous evidence hé had stated that the Lavoie car was on the right side of the road. Witness continued to claim that it was towards the centre of the road. Witness' car finally stopped about 75 feet ahead of the scene of the accident. -------- The Argument. Mr. Nickle, in his argument, point- ed out that Mr. Hewgill had been warned of his danger by Miss Irwin's calls and honking of the horn, yet deliberately walked into danger. His Lordship pointed out that a car driv- er owed a duty to everybody on the road. The statutes did not allow a speed of 20 to 25 miles an hour at all times. One mile an hour might be dangerous. Mr. Cunningham also spoke brief- ly, claiming that Mr. Hewgill's negli- gence was not comparable to that of the plaintiff. The latter had room to give the Lavoie car a ten-foot berth. His Lordship replied that the deceased had stepped from a place of safety into a zone where he knew there might be motor trafiic. The Judge's Summary. In giving his decision, Justice Rose deliberated some time before apply- ing the new above mentioned act to the case. This was because the plea of-the defence had not admitted con- tributory negligence but claimed that the deceased was the sole author of his death. He found negligence . of a gross sort on the part of the defendant. According to the plaintiff's own story he saw the car stalled there on the side of the road, and the absence of the tail-light should have told him there was trouble and that people might be working about the car. The Cunningham asked if it were to dash past the other car at 20 0 26 miles an hour with his Tord} 'cou crowded with three big paral plaintiff's suggestion that he slowed down did not exactly agree with the fact that he ran 30 to 50 feet past before Stopsine, though travelling on "H fo gn cha your ive cue of nde o For gravel which would not supply good going. His Lordship considered that he went closer to the other car than necessary and at an excessive rate of speed. This negligence on his part was one of the causes of the fatality. (The plea of the defence suggested that the deceased ran into the de- fendant's car). Another cause was contributory negligence. The deceased had been working in the front of his car and apparently stepped out into the road into the line of approaching traffic, without looking. There was repre- hensible negligence on his part but there was much momentary thought- lessness about his action. His Lord- ship considered that the defendant should be held responsible for two- thirds of the damages. ' The amount of the damages was somewhat speculative. Here were not the same circumstances as if the deceased had been a child, involving a gertain amount of care and expen- diture on the part of its parents. It was a young man with ability and sufficient perseverance to nearly put himself through a university course and he would have been able to as- sist his mother, which aid he believ- ed she would sometime need. He thought a total judgment for $2,600 to be fair. This would mean for the defendant $1,666.66, with costs. Only the parents would have benefit- ted had their son lived. At Mr. Cun- ningham's request, the damages were assigned to Mrs. Hewglll A Motion Paper. Suggesting a family consultation as a means of reaching a satisfactory arrangement for the widow, Justice Rose withheld judgment in the mo- tion paper relative to the estate of the late Thomas Wallace, of Lans- downe, in which an increased allow- ance from the estate was asked for the widow. J. A, Jackson, Ganano- que, who appeared for the executors, explained that the widow, who was 73 years of age, was an invalid re- quiring attention, and could not live on the present allowance from the $8,500 estate. Justice Rose thought that the maker of the will evidently intended his widow to be properly provided for, though the will had not been skilfully made. It was not '| K.C., represented the widow; A. B. Cunningham, K.C., appeared for Germany threatens wood alcohol industry. would be on many well fitted pas- senger steamships. There roc do be comfortable two-berth cabins on a separate deck from the recreation, dining and smoking quarters. Cardington, a little village in joontrol and observation ecompart- ments ar ae inside the nose. This plan, it {§ claimed, not only gives less resistance to the air but a more graceful line such as is always the dream of the designer of sall- Bedfordshire, Bugland, will be the | ing vessels or steamships departure and arrival port for the| British Empire air services so far as the Old Country itself is con-) cerned. An air station has been maintained there for some years, and enlargement of it is actively under way. It will have all facili- ties for housing airships in the event of repair work or overhauling The gallant Commander, fn fact, is building his vessel as a direct challenge to the Government, and will make every effort to select routes which will accentuate the ad- vantages he believes his ship de- signs and his general scheme of an Blajire linked by air routes would offer. air routes will probably permit of the arrangement of regular stops at various important points should these be desirable. In the main, however, the present plans have countries of the Empire first In view. Soon to Girdle the Globe It is almost impossible for the lay mind to grasp the extent of the de- velopment in connection with these airships. Already, in addition to the routes of Empire flights, pre- liminary mapping of a route across the globe and calling for a total flight of nearly 14,000 miles has | RE SI TR TN WR Is oh FRAC AOE 5 os SEBO being required. But for ordinary anchorage a mooring mast will be used. Passengers will be taken by elevator to the deck level of the aerial liner, and at the mast head will step along a covered gangway to one of the ship's decks. It is stated that passengers can be dis- charged from such a vessel in ten minutes after being moored. In the ship designed by Com- mander Burney there are some radi- calf departures from those under construction by the Government. The passenger accommodation is in- side the body of the vessel and the Mrs. W. Allen and six relatives were burned to death. in a fire at Sullivan, Mo. Importation of methynol from the American A British airship at a mooring mast Sites for mooring masts have al- ready been selected in Egypt.and in' India by Government officials, and there will be no difficulties about them in the other Dominions and colonies as soon as the plans are ready. Indeed the striking fea- ture of the new development is the fact that the Empire comes first. That does not mean that the other nations will not be considered at all. The very schedules of the Em- pire Air services, call for flights which of necessity must be over sev- eral European countries. The In- ternational regulations respecting General Leonard Wood is seeking $1,000,000 to fight leprosy in the I'Lkilippines. Two. visiting missionaries smash in Ohin. from China were seriously hurt in a motor been completed. Incredible as fit may seem this proposes a total ac- tual flying time of less than one hundred and forty hours. This would apply to the aerial expresses, and not to ships running on limited schedules. The expresses would re- ceive fresh fuel supplies in mid-air from tankers which would fly to meet them from intermediate points along the routes. It all sounds like a fantastic dream to the uninitiated, but to the aeronaut it is but crystalizing into actuality the things that he knows part. He has seen the development of the airplane from a clumsy thing in which there was a lot of wood, into a machine built of steel but actually lighter than wood. The longer working life of such a ma chine, its greater strength and dur- ability, epitomize the progress that British aeronautics have made. Revelation of the work that the Air Ministry and private concerns are undertaking in connection with airships, has come as a pleasant and most acceptable surprise to the ma- jority of the British people. There was a revulsion of feeling after the war against the big airship, due, as has been stated, to the almost abso- lute failure of the Zeppelin. Great attention was paid to the airplane, which has reached a stage of effi- ciency in Britain placing it ahead' of any foreign made machine. Mail and passengers have bose travelling in airplanes from peil in Britain to various points on the continent for years, and a journey by air route is now more often a matter of convenience and a desire to save time than an adventure. The percentage of fatal accidents is very low, and bears comparison with any other means of travel. A similar state of affairs in respect to, speedy carriage of passengers and malls is noted in the United States, while in Canada we are becoming accustomed to the airplane as a» business carrier, as well as a forest patrol and fire protective agent. With the reaction which brought! about the great revival of interest in the airship, the British people! found that while there had not| been any new construction of giant' ships a great deal of investigation and research work had created a most advantageous position for en- tering upon that once it had been decided upon. At the same time they found that European countries{ as well as Argentina and Australia, were giving aid in the way of sub- sidies or direct grants to private companies which were building alr] fleets for commercial purposes. France led the way in publ grants until this year, with amoun totalling about three millon dollars in our money at the time of its largest subsidies. Russia is linked; with a German company which al has a monopoly on many of th routes in its own country and draws subsidies from both governments.| Britain is now a partner in a private corporation which was established by the amalgamation of three com- panies. This corporation is ass of a ten-year m 10poly of various) routes, with subsidies on a sliding' scale and which will reach zero at the end of the period named. The direct contribution of the [I'ritish Treasury this year will be ia the can be done and have been done in Ontario. Morocco. 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