"5 A : ALBERT L. CLOUGH Copyright, 1925, by The International Byndicate Winter *'Perscriptions" For Cooling Systems Supply Enough Alcohol At First And Make Good Its Evaporation Loss FOR THE BENEFIT of those who have acquired cars only recently and for those who do not keep in mind or on file data in regard to the proportions of denatured alcohol required to protect cooling systems from freezing at various temperatures, the following table is presented, the figures being taken from the 8. A. E Handbook and a Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards. The two sets of figures differ considerably. The peréentages given represent the proportion of denatured alcohol, the rest of the mixture being water and the degrees Fahrenhelt in dicates the temperatiires at which the various mixtures freeze: Percentage 8S. A. E Burean of Standards 1 24 degrees above 27 degrees above 14 " " 19 we " 2" below 10: 20 as - 2 " below 24 " " 18 - " The Bureau of Standards table calls for much more alcohol to furnish the same protection, especidlly at the lower temperatures, and may be sater ta follow, but it is believed that the 8. A. E. table specifies enough 10 protect against the development of dangerous bursting pressures. althopgh perhaps not enough to prevent the formation of sufficient Noating ice crystais somewhat to impede circulation through the radiator passages. Ip supplying alcohol anti-freeze mixture, proceed as follows: Ascertain the total liquid capacity of the cooling system from the instruction book, or dealer or by measuring it. 'Determine the amount of alcohol required. For instance, If the system hold 16 quarts, protection is desired down to 2° below zero and the Bureau of Standards' table is to be followed 0 40x16=64 quarts of alcohol will be needed Drain the system completely and flush it out with water until it is clean. Replace all drain plugs. Pour into the radiator the 6% quarts of alcohol and add water to completely fill the system. IDERTIVYING A LEAKY A BOTCHED REPAIR JOB TINDER W. H. J. writes: When I had the armature of the generator on my car rewound, the workman substituted a4 piece of wire in place of the thermostatic resistance, evi- dently intending this to act as a fuse. Since then I cannot keep the battery charged. Once in a while the ammeter Indicates charge, but then the fuse blows. Most of the time a discharge Is Indicated. How can this trouble be corrected? Answer: It was a very foolish preceeding, leaving out the therm. ally operated field resistance, as the action of this generator depends "| power is lost, as well as bringing W. J. B. writes: 1 find, upon mak- | SPtirely upon it and you should ing a test, that the compression in three of the cylinders of my engine is good but that It is weak in the remaining one. How can I tell which cylinder it is that is not hold- fg its charge properly? 1 have fun this engine so carefully that I cannot believe that any of the cyl- inders have become scored. My dealer tells me that one seldom Ands all cynnders with equally good compression, 1s this a fact? Answer: Remove all spark-plugs axcept that in No. 1cylinder, Hand- erank the er and whatever re- sistance you feel will. be that due have a new one put In at once Otherwise, the generator cireuft will be opened every time that the generator gets well heated up. Pre. sumably, the fuse wire that was substituted for the fleld resistance unit is not of sufficient capacity-to carry the field current. It is to be hoped that there is nothing wrong with your generator. but we should have very iirtle faith in the arma- ture winding of anyone who would perpetrate the stunt you mention. The times when your generator charges are probably when it i cold and before the thermostatic to the compression in this cylinder, | cOntacta open and cut in the fuse as there can be none in those which Wire ! have their plugs removed, Then "remove the plug from No. and . screw it into No. 2, judging the sompression In that cylinder by sranking the engine over, Place} 'the plug In cylinder No. 3 and then finally in No. 4, observing the re- sistance 10. hand - cranking after sach change, What your dealer tells you lis perfectly true -more's the pity. ere is no reason to think you Have damaged your sn gine, Compression was probably always unequal, Draining The Cooling System No Water Must Be Left In The Cold Stored Car THE FOLLOWING SUGGESTIONS afe intended for the guidance ~ of motorists who are to lay up their cars during the winter and for 'those who ayer to empty the cooling systems of their cars during - periods of dis eyo cold weather, instead of making use of anti-freeze i Do The Job Thoroughly ' The main thing is to drain the entire cooling system completely for it water remains in the pump, in any of the radiator passages or in the bottoms of the cylinder jackets, it may cause bursting and resulting ieaks in these parts, if it fr x 3 Beware Of Obstructions In The Radiator i ~~ In order to avoid the possibility of radiator tubes or passages being clogged, with the likelihood of water remaining trapped in some of them 2ven after all water which can escape has been emptied out, it is well fo clean out the system with sal soda solution shortly before drain Ing, unless it is vertain there are no "dead" spots in the core. Diftérent Provisions For Draining ! . Some cooling systems, thermosiplion ones for example, can be entirely ~drained by opening a cock or removing a plug in the lower tank fitting, Wut where there is a pump there is often a drain n the bottom of its housing and engines with deep water § sometimes have a cock in the bottom of this water space. ' ¥ THE DAI MOTOR NOTES. An engine should be idle when reading the indicator of the oil level. Yellow distilled glycerine is a satisfactory anti-freeze compound ip radiators. By runnisg on soft tires much about undue wear on the tires. It is particularly important to take accurate reading of a balloon tira where a few pounds one way or the other means a lot. In replacing the priming gears, it is sometimes advisable to endure a humming noise at first in order that they fit better when worn. Timing gears that run quietly when first in- stalled generally rattle when worn in. Keep the nut that holds the valve stem of the tire tight to the wheel, but not too tight. The purpose of the nut is to keep water . from leak- ing around the stem into the time. Too much tightening, however, serves to pull the valve stem out and may damage the inner tube. With the winter season approach- ing, it is a good idea to see that skid chains are in good condition and safely stored in the car. While non- skid tires may keep the car from skidding on pavements, chains witl be needed when it is necessary to drive through mud. BENZOL GOOD AUTO FUEL. Benzol is being introduced as a motor fuel. The best results from this fuel are obtained when mixed with gasoline, although straight benzol has been successfully used. When straight benzol is used in an automobile motor, it is necessary to provide more air than ordinarily required with gasoline fuel. Comparative tests between gaso- line and benzol show that 15 per cent. to 30 per cent. in miles per gal- lon of fuel were obtained by use of benzol. After 500 miles of running, the dilution of crankcase oil was found to be 7 per cent. with gasoline and only 3 per cent. with benzol. The absolute viscosity of oil after use with gasoline decreased 62 per cent. at 75 degrees F. and with ben- zol it increased 71 per cent. at 75 degrees F. The volatility of benzo! produces greater ease of starting, particularly' in cold weather. Benzol is a powerful solvent, and it has been found that when using beasul mixtures in a car that has been runhing on gasoline, the ac- cumulation of dirt in the tank and fuel pipe is sometimes loosenea and carried forward into the carburetor. Some experiments have Been car- ried out, using a mixture of benzol and alcohol, but the results were not as satisfactory as those of the ben- zol-gasoline mixture, TIRE THEFTS ARE DUE TO THE HIGH PRICES Detroit, Dec. 4.--The increased price of crude rubber and the pro- portiongl increased cost of rubber number of tire thefts here. The number of thefts of automo- bile tires in this eity have doubled since March. The proportional in. crease in tire thefts have followed closely the scale of rising tire prices. Stolen "cars, when found, are us- ually stripped of all accessories. Tires seem to be the most sought after. : Second-hand tires have become scarce since the tire price raise has been inaugurated. -- ies. NEGLECT OF AUTO 4 CAUSES BIG WASTE More than $1,000,000,000 annual. ly are wasted by neglect in the main- tenance of automobiles! Neglect in lubrication and adjust- ments causa the principal loss. Other evils which contribute to the waste are faulty brakes, wheels products has greatly increased the! MONG the many pleasures that attend the holiday season, there is none that we enjoy more than that of greeting our friends. Many new ones have been made during the year and the consistent support we have received ~ from our old ones has been most gratifying. To all of these we extend our hearty wishes for a Merry Christmas and a' = Prosperous New Year. ¥ Van Luven Brothers x