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The DiyDEN OBSERVER _ labor saving appliances. It is the highest economy to save your own strength by employing Shese aids, arry ALL MAKES of electrical fn Loni) al devices-for household use--Electric Ranges, res, Toasters, Heaters, &c. Also Electric Jas. ng Machines and Wringers. Our aim isto fnstall dese conveniences in every ome in Dryden. Our prices and terms are arran- 5 vith a view to make this possible. | 1t Ville Marie (1642). | forget the discoveries of its Jesuit . Louisiana Valley for France. \ 4ndirectly Montreal | Port u----" Dy ra Rd e Busy Store R FH. Floor, per ew, ovis vrvesiins'snesoivasessns 3000 atmeal Feed, DEE SWE Laue. IBY for cows and pigs. rond Wheat Screenings, per cwt. ... for stock and pigs. : field Eggs, per 1 doz. carton ... ooktfield Eggs, loose poy doz. LN urétLard, perlb ........... 3 lb. pail, Per pail :. 5 Ib pail, per pail ........ ,» Io lb. pail, per pail. 10. dless Raisins, s po? package .......: Wee cee ee 2.90 sess essere 2) tee hopIne rerooimssmeshis eset es sero AUIEISE CRORE SCR SS on {371 38 vr TIO 1 35 3.65 Ee .20 23 hain dees JBC vss sc sc es ECONO CRT SISO SSS OR SR RCC SCC SA A puny - A AY J GLASS. WARE 5, Join, a ROLE, Bin. SER a] © that Louisiana, "latter FOUNDER OF INDIANA ONE OF THE MANY NOTABLE SONS OF MONTREAL, After a Lengthy Discussion It Has Been Established That Francois Marie Bissot de Vincennes Was /Born In the Ancient Canadian Oty on the Banks of the St. Law- rence River. 'ONTREAL ¢ ean be called the mother of the Canadian and - American. West, who were born sity or - were closely connected with its. rise. and progress, have bequeathed their names te the history or nomenclature. of in that many localities on this continent; to' wit, starting with. Jacques Cartier, | who (1635) discovered the Montreal faland and district, erstwhile called . the Kingdom of Hochelaga, and gave . the mountain its name of Mont Royal oy Montreal; Samuel de Champlain, who after discovering Lake Cham-. plain (1608), founded in 1611 the; firet trading post of Montreal and called it Place Royale, giving the | adjacent island, St. "Helen, its name ia honor of his young wife. Who can : also forget that it: was from this trading station at the head of navi- gation Champlain discovered (in 1615) the Ottawa river, the Lakes Huron, Ontario and Nipissing and the near west? Then there is the Cheva- lier sans reproche, Paul Chomedy de Maissonneuve, who organized the first permanent settlement and called Nor must we , Chaumonot missionaries. such as (with Brebeuf), discoverer of Lake | | Brie (1640), Isaac Jogues, the mar- tyr, who, with Raimbault first ex- plored Lake Superior (1641) and who named (1646) Lake St. Sacra- ment (afterwards Lake George); de Quen (1646), the finder of Lake St. | i John above the river Saguenay; banel, - by the overland route from Quebec. who first visited James Bay | Then there are La Salle (of Lachine), who founded Cataraconi (now King- ston) for Frontenac (1673) and afterwards (1682) explored the mys- teries of the Mississippi to the sea, the task left undone by Joliet and Marquette, in 1672, La Mothe Cadil- Jac, one time resident of Montreal, and afterwards the founder of De- troft (1701), and Duluth (e. 1690) | | (one of whose lodgings was hard by | the Notre Dame Church) the foun- der of the city of that name. Then | Biloxi was founded in 1699 by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville to hold the: 'Then | Bis brother, Le Moyne de Bienville, ° founded Mobile (1701) and New Or- leans (1718), and the Sulpician, Pic- ¢ quet, who founded (1748) La Pre- 'I sentation (now Ogdensburg). Montreal can also claim some share in the discovery (1743) of the : Rocky Mountains by La Verendrye . of Three Rivers, for Montreal mer-. ehants financed his expeditions and .may make a similar claim for the 'erection of Bourbon (Lake Winnipeg), Fort Dauphin (Lake Manitoba), | Fort Pontiyac at the mouth of the Saskatchewan by La sons in 1748. Montreal, through its most distin- Yarendrye's | . guished son, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iber- : ville, the brother of the two Le: | Moynes already mentioned, and sons | of Charles Le Moyne who lived: on St. Paul street, left a legendary name for valor, wherever he went as a, | naval officer of France, Hudson Bay, | Newfoundland, | ether places being the scenes of his | aXploits. Montreal has, however, giv- New England, and en, under the French regime, gover-. '| mors to Acadia such as a former! | governor of that city, the notorious | Perrot (of Isle Perrot fame) to Ile | Royal (Cape Breton), Le Moyne de Chateauguay, to Canada, Louis d'Ail- | lsboust, Louis Hector de Callieres : and Phillipe de Rigaud, Marquis (I) de Vaudreuil, Charles Le Claude de Ramezay, Moyne de Longueuil, Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis (II) de | Vaudreuil- -Cavagnal, formerly gover- nor of Louisiana. This reminds us proclaimed" (1684) 88 a country of, France by La Salle, who had dreams of a 'French Empire in America, was supplied for its first two governors by sons born in Mont- real or its district, viz:, the brothers d"Iberville and de Vienville (II). This Jean Baptiste' Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville (II) was born in 1680 and died in Paris in 1768. In company with his brother d'Iberviile "(in 1699) he discovered the mouth of the Mississippi by sea, a joy missed through {ll luck by La Salle in his ill- fated expendition ships from France (1684) shortly before his slaughter by his mutinous companions. It was this Bienville who ruled as Governor of Louisiana for forty years. Of a later period, the British re- gime, what memories of western ex- ploration from Montreal are not con- jured up by the names of Sir Alex- . ander Mackenzie, David Thompson of Columbia river fame, Sir George Simpson, the Henrys, the Frasers and all of the Scotch ilk of the Hudson Bay and Northwest Companies, as well as those of the magnates of the more modern railway era, too well known to be recited here, Another name of the French re- gime has now to be added to Mont- 'real's roll of honor, that of Francois- Marie Bissot de Vincennes, the foun- der of Indiana. This claim has re cently been established withou doubt and the documentary ev - eompiled from the notaria 'this province, has be _ the indefatigable A SHELL petite histoire, of Quebec, the for men Al- APPLES FOR ONTARD Some Yariohes Recomm :nded for . Hole O-chards. | Desirable -- Also Varieties Not Easily Liable to Disease--Haurdi- mess Also a Good Quality--Iicep Potato Rot From Spreading. | (Contributed by Ontario Department ot Agriculture. Toronto. vide high-class dessert and the entire apple season, 'or following spring. It is quite easy to select varieties for any part of old 'Ontario which will do this satisfac- torily. . The varieties selected should eome into bearing early, should pro- duce annually, and should be as free as possible from discases of all kinds, so that they may be handled with a minmum of expense and care. Throughout this article the varieties mentioned are listed in the order of . their season of use, so that intend- : ing planters may be guided in mak- ! ing a selection Lo cover the'season. In order to simplify the selection of varieties for any given district a classification of the most desirable varicties is given herewith based on: their relative hardiness, which is their ability to withstand cold, win-. ters successtully. ! ! : Hardiest: Tr nsparent, Duchess, Dudley, McIntosh, Hibernal, Crabs. { These are hardy as .far north as | Parry. Sound, and can be grown sue- cessfully even further north. Second Hardiest: --Astracha n, ' Alexander, St. Lawrence, Wealihy, Colvert, 'Snow, Scarlel Pippi fi; Wolf | River, Golden Russet. i * Third Hardiest: __Blenheim, Tol | man, Spy. Fourth Hardiest:-- Gravenitoie are more or less: tender and thrive best south of a line drawn from i Hamilton to Brantford and Goderich -- Cayuga, Ribston, Hubbardston, Grimes, Ontario. : Sixth Hardiest--These. varieties i ate tender and thrive best in. the ( Lake Erie counties, although they Ho! not entirely atisfactory even there--Jonathan Winesap, - "Spitzen- 'berg, Newito : King and ' Baldwin are omitted { trom the above classification for the ! reason that their inclusion would : probably be | misleading.' It is true that these varisties were formerly . listed in gbout the fourth grade for hardiness, but intending "planters 'would do well to make careful note of the fact that they have winter killed badly of recent years, even in ; the most southerly counties of "Ontario. = & The varieties which come into bearing earliest (about five or six years) are. 'Duchess, Wealthy, Mil: waukee, Wagner and Ontario. Most of the other varieties listed should begin bearing at about seven or eight years, but Blenheim and Spy.are notorious exceptions to this, and fre- , quently do not produce fruit until | they reach fifteen to eighteen years i of age. | The varieties which are least sub- ject to apple'scab are Duchess, Rib- ' ston, Blenheim, Hibernal, . Baldwin and Russet.--Prof, J. W. Crow, O. A. { College, Guelph. Co : Keep Potato Rot From Spreading. When harvesting potatoes, more especially in damp seasons, it is es- . sential to pick them over and discard ! any specimens that are diseased, par- , ticularly those that show any indica- tion of rot. If this is not done, the disease is liable to spread through ; the whole mass during storage. If ! wilt or dry rot (Fusarium) or black i Teg and wet rot (B. solanisaprus) or 'late blight (Phytophthora infestans) { has been noticed in the growing crop, | it may be taken for granted that a | percentage of the tubers will be. in-. fected. Thesé¢ diseases may be found. iin all stages of development in the tubers produced by an affected plant. These are the diseases most liable to spread to a greater or less extent. 'through'a pile or bag of. stored tubers if any of them are affected 'at the time they are stored away. Conse- quently, the greatest care should be taken \. hen harvesting a crop that has shown diseases. when growing in the field. LR These diseases s1i0V. themselves on the tubers, ¢ither as a dry moldy rot or a wet slimy rot, or as brown or blackish discolorations. On some tubers the digeas:d condition may be fairly advanced and conse- quently 1 noticed. On other tubers th seage may be of recent bio. nd not eusily seen. Where practicable it is desirable to pick out all tubers in which the disease is readily seen and then to wash the remainder eith-r in a tub of water or 'By turning a hese on to them. This wushing not only re- moves any soil that way be sticking on, but it intensifics the discolora- tions produced by the discase, and so makes it a comparatively easy ter to pick out those tubers Ww are only lightly « ihect 3 'ter ing, the undesiz: be removes : on poor is dc ficient ia average it produce profit- HY dnles 5 Ayo ime and then which shoul Barly 'Bearers and. Annual Producers © HE home orchard should pro- : u cooking apples threughout . from the middle of July until: the. "i .necessary.:- Nragncr, Stark, Greening, Ben: -Pavisi< "Fifth Hardiest: --Thise - vapicties: BLACKHEAD OF TURKEYS Intestinal Disease Which ; Causes _Consilerable Mortality. No Known Cure for the houttoms" Immediate Killing Recothmended --Turkeys Kept From: Other Rirdv--Hand- ling Asparagus After. the (& ing . Season. Westin d! oy Ontafre Deparment al Agriculture, .Torente ). HE disease of 'turkeys' con » monly known as blackhead (entero-hepatitis) - is one _.that has caused untold havoc to the turkey-raising indusiry in North America. It is responsible for more sickness and deaths among turkeys -than all other diseases com- bined. It has practically . stamped out 'turkey-raising in' many districts. It is an infectious disease primarily affecting the intestines, 'more parti- cularly the caeca (blind pouches) and later the liver. It is caused by Entamoeba maleagridis," A minute: unicellular animal' organist to see which. a high power microscope is his minute organism is picked up with the food on infected soil, passage of. food it penetrates the mu- cous lining where' it induces inflam- mation, congestion, . thickening of the .caecal walls and. ulceration. "The contents of the caeca, thicken into a cheesy or hard dry mass 'mixed with blood ' and broken- -down epithelial 'tissue from. the mucous lining of the caecal walls. ' While this condition of the caeca is developing some of the entamoeba make their way to the liver, where they establish themselves and, mul- tiply. The areas of the liver tissue in which the entamoeba establish themselves soon become necrotic, 'that is they degenerate and die. Oa : post-mortem examination. these :ne- -crotic areas are very noticeable as swhitish or_ gray, 'round to irregular, flat or slightly sunken patches in the liver tissue." Sometimes as inuch. - as sixty per cent. of the liver tissue. will be composed of these necrotic areas. Needless to say. the congestion and ulceration of the caeca and the ne- crosis. of the liver interfere very materially with the functioning of these. organs and as a consequence the affected bird becomes listless, mopy, loses flesh and the head loses its bright colored appearance, becom- 'ing dull in 'lustre and dark. in color, 'which condition is responsible for the common name of the disease--black- head. Turkeys are liable to contract 'the disease at any age; mostly become infected when young. Many die as poults from an pecute at- rack of the disease; others have the lisease in a chronic form and live to maturity; but these are never thrifty and always look poor and miserable when healthy birds. 'There is no Knowl cure for the disease. Turkeys that show the symp- toms of the disease should Be killed. If the disease be not too far sdvanced. and the muscle meat in. Tair. 'condi- tion, it may be used for huthan con- sumption as there is little or no dan- ger of man contracting the disease or suffering ill effects as & conse- quence, particularly it the eat is well cooked. The texture and flavor of the meat, however, will not be so desirable as that from a healthy bird. Immediate killing of. affected birds. is recommended because 'the drop- pings from such are liable to'be heav- ily infested with the organisms that cause the disease. tered around will naturally spread the disease. It is from the drop- pings of affected birds that the land gels contaminated and other birds. contract the disease. If affected turkeys are out on free range it is practically impossible to control the spread of the disease amongst others ot the flock. If, how- ever, they are kept in colony houses and small runs there is a chance to practice hygienic measures which will limit the disscmination of the causal organism to these small areas which can be thoroughly cleaned and disintected after 'the sick bises have been disposed of. . The ordinary domestic fowl is lia- ie. to suffer 'from the same trouble, but usually much less acutely than the turkey. In fact, the domestie fowl may harbor the parasite with- out showing any signs. of ill-health, For this reason blackhead is found more conimon amongst tur keys that run with flocks of domestic fowl than amongst those which are kept by themselves, hence turkeys should not be allowed to run with other fowl.-- D. H. Jones, 0.A.C., Guelph. Handling Asparagus After ihe Cut- o£ ting Si Handling of Bb after the cutling atively simple. sary is to stop a than the first of give the bed mat- poison Bordeaux own the agparagus the asparagus bee- G larval stags should Hse added. a sticker made of hort to the smooth surface unless this is dome. In October when the berrics are turning red all the tops shiould be cut off and burned to re- Affected should Be On reaching the caecs with 'the they, 'however, compared with These being scat- ERNEST LAPOINTE. Phe Future Nender of Liberal i" Canadians. : a Whes. the Liberals went out' of confflee in 1811 Ernest Lapointe, B.A, 14.D., wag an ebseure member of the "hack benehes, a big, jovihi, youiiay French-Canadian, scarcely akle ved or write, 'of even to speak >. -Bmglish. To-day he is conceded to be One. of "ihe 'foremost orators' Th be House of. Commons, APpeaKing | with weight and authority and standing eamily among the first half dozen fg- ures in the Parliamentary life of the nation. When. Sir Wilfrid Lawsier returned to Parliament in 1917 Is pointe with a number of other com- paratively unknown members moved up to the front benches. Almost at ance the House became conscious of the presence of a formidable person- ality. The shy, unobtrustive, almost . difident French-Canadian suddenly revealed himself as a brilliant ped- tical leutenant, eloquent and aggres- sive. His speeches, though few, came to be regarded as models of eloguenss and. Tueidity, and though the new House, mostly embittered against Quebee, was litle in sympahy with his doctrines, men of all parties paid LIA tribute to his talents and sincerMy. To Sir Wilfrid, with his following decimated intellectually as well as numerically, he was as the shadow of 'a' rock in a weary land, and in the last year of his life no voice wah more potent in- influencing the 'Old Chief's" course of action than that of this newly arisen star in the Que bee - political firmament. © Since the passing of Laurier, La pointe's "stature has steadily grows greater. 'At the National Libepal Convention he: 'Was an outstanding figure. @ Without Lapointe the convention might have turned out a disastrous failure. Smarting under the realls- ation that. no Roman Catholic or French: Canadian was eligible for the party leadership, a number of the younger .representation from: Que- bec fought hard to have the French- 'Canadian delegates withdraw from the convention altogether. The ques- tion came to a head on the, second day of the convention, when, in. a secret caucus.of the Quebec repre sentatives, Mr. O. David (now a mem~ ber of the Quebec Government) made : an impassioned protest against the position which French-Canadians oe _cupled in the convention, and formal- ly moved that, they withdraw with- out taking further part in either for~ mulation of a: platform bor selection of a leader. . The situation Was a critical one, for, with. most of the younger delegates rebellious against > Sir Lomer Gouin, and with little es .perienced leadership to guide them : there was danger of the motion being _ .cuivied, Lapointe, however, 'day. In a speech of moving quence he denounced Mr. David's. me tion as 'aiming a mortal blow at the spirit: of Confederation, as an insult to the life and work and memory of Sir Wilfrid Laurier." "We are net here as/ Frenchmen," heisaid, "but as Liberals and Canadians. Let us then be true to; the spirit of our political faith and of our country. Let us be true' to the teachings of the great ma our race who for more than half a. century. toiled unceasingly and not. unsuccessfully to - bring peaes and. harmony in this country. Abowe all, 'let ws not be ingrates. $ Protestants of this eountry who fol lowed Sir Wilfrid Laurier, a French- Canadian and a Roman Catholio, through the storms and stress of nearly forty years." The appeal was irresistible, and when the resolution or was put to the caucus only two mem out of 'nearly four hundred stood bd to support it. Cw 'As an orator he is surpassed. »w few in the House. Without: the grace or the stately charm of a Laurier, and lacking the tempestuous, onrush- ing eloquence of a Lemieux, he has & powdered, rapiered, analytical atyde which does not suffer because of the. passionate fervor with which hs 'sometimes seeks to convince, and this, added to the fine presence which goes with remarkable physical star ture, gives him the essential attri butes of oratory. Like Sir: WNtrid, he can on occasion be gay and bam tering and epigrammatic, as:when on the occasion of his speech at 'the 'Liberal Convention he declared that = "a Liberal is. a Liberal because oe loves somebody or . something; : Tory is a Téry because he. 4] oo something or somebody." "But the cast 'of his mind is serious, and his speaking usually is of the earnest 'order, often tense. with emotion. Although a hard fighter and an un- compromising opponent of the Gowe -srnment, no man on the Oppositiom side, with the possible exception ef ihe inimitable Jacques Bureau, i» batter liked by Unionists: and itm becoming a common sight to see bim As politicans '80, Lapointe is stil : Somparatively young, being on the reduced. materially war, is increasing agaims. more than twice as same period in 1 that' more than hal 10st of these "arriva ici homes and hav 'the