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THE DEYDEN OBSERVER Spraying Potatoes FOR LATE BLIGHT kk Xk (Experimental Farms Note) Late blight and rot is the most destructive disease of potatoes and in some years causes tremendous losses. The potato leaves are the factories in which the starch is manufactured, later to be stored in the tubers pro- duced ~ underground. Should these factories be impaired in any way the yield must necessarily be reduced. In the case of late blight, loss results both from the blighting of the leaves and the consequent failure of the tub- the rotting of the tubers which follow} an attack of this disease. These loss- ¢s can be greatly reduced, if not en- tirely prevented, by careful and thor- ough spraying with Bordeaux mixture, Applications of this spray should b given whether the erop is being grown} for seed or for table stock. Careful experiments conducted over many years have demonstrated what the best spraying solution to use is home-made Bordeaux mixture of the 4:4:40 strength.. The most convenient method of making this mixture is by the use of concentrated stock solutions of copper sulphate (bluestone) and lime, diluting them as required. These solutions are prepared as follows: (1) Bluestone stock solution: This is prepared by dissolving 40-Ibs of copper sulphate in a barrel containing 40 gals of water. A convenient method is to place the chemical in a sack and suspend it over night in the barrel of water just below the surface. A more rapid methor is to crush the bluestone crystals and dissolve it in a smaller quantity of hot water and make up to 40 gals. Each gallon of the solution will then contain one pound of bluestone. Metal vessels , must no be used in" handling this chemical. (2) Lime stock solution: Shake 40 pounds of fresh quick-lime in a bar- rel by gradually adding water. Mix thoroughly and continue to add water until the barrel contains 40 gals. | In order to keep out dirt and pre- vent evaporation, the barrels contain- ing the stock solutions should be kept covered. To make up a tank of spray ready for use, transfer four gallons of the stock solution of bluestone into the spray tank and add 32 gallons of water. To this dilute solution add 4 gallons of the lime stock solution. This should be poured through a fine mesh strainer to remove all solid par- ticles, otherwise clogging of the noz- zels will result. The solution in the tank should be kept thoroughly agi- tated while the lime is being added. The tank now contains 40 gallons of Bordeaux mixture. If ihe apove direction are carefully e above direction are carefully followed the resulting solution will usually contain the proper proportions of bluestone and lime, but since the composition of lime often varies it is preferable to test the mixture in order, * that the foliage may not be injured} by an excess of bluestone. A testing solution may be prepared by dissolv- ing one half ounce of potassium ferro- cyanide in one ad pint of water. This material is a poison. Sprinkle a few drops of this re-agent onto the 'surface of the spray mixture, and, if | on striking the surface of the solution, a distinet: brown colour results, more lime should be added to each 40. gals of solution for the control of potato beetles. : | Commence spraying about the mid- dle of July and repeat every two weeks throughout the season. the plants are small, 60 gallons per acre will be sufficient. This amount should be increased as the ' plants grow larger. The sprayer should be equipped with three nozzles to each row--two side nozzles pointing slight- ly upward and one pointing downward --so that both upper and lower sur- faces of the leaves will be thoroughly protected. The spray should be appli-} ed under a pressure of 125 to 200 1bs. At least four applications are neces- sary during the season, but five or even six will usually be found pre- ferable. Particular attention should be given to the later applications. If these are neglected or are carelessly applied a late attack of late blight may cause more damage than if no spraying had been done. In the later sprays the proportion of copper sul- phate should be increased using the formula 6:4:40. That is add six gal- lons of the stock solution of bluestone instead of four, and 30 gallons of water instead of 32. Bordeaux mixture will also control early blight and tipburn, and will act as a repellant for the potato flea beetle. : : J. B. MacCURRY Plant Pathologist Lies burried here One William Furrell, Who dropped the wheel To grasp the girrull Questions and Answers on Forestry * ok kk Q--A lot has been said about the forests of the Eastern and Middle United States having been stripped or destroyed by commercial interests or by bad fires. It has also been declar- ed that the American consumer has turned to Canada for his lumber sup- ply. Can you tell me briefly how much lumber is being shipped to the States ?--J.K.H. A--Five-sixths of all the lumber tmade in Canada is sold to United ers to attan'their normal size, and by { states consumers and the exports are This is excellent | 'steadily growing. business for Canada but it shows the extreme urgency for conservation of cour timber supply and protection against fire. o Q--How much does Canada spend a : year on forest research and how much * for agricultural research? What area do the forests occupy in Caznada? --A.BL. A--Canada spends abit $800,000 a year on agricultural research and only about $35,000 on forest research. The forests of the Dominion occupy about 80 p.c. of the habitable area. Q--What are the most common causes of forest fires that have been destroying so much timber in. Can- ada 7--L.0.G. 5 A--Nine-tenths are due to human recklessness. One of the worst sources is unextinguished camp fires. These fires are usually made too large or too close to trees, grass, shrubbery, or moss. Lighted matches and tobacco are also great destroyers. Many de- liberate fires are set by prospectors to uncover rocks where 'minerals may or may not be found. Fires set by set- tlers to clear ground or to burn slash |~ are also proving costly to Canadian public-owned timber assets. Q--Is there any record of bad for- est fires in European countries in re- cent years, outside of the destruction 'of wooded land in the war _zome? --P.F.R. A--There was a recent report of a ADVANC! CLOVER HULLERS SEPARATORS OIL PULLS. TRACTORS Qil-Cooled Engine The only Perfect Engine on the market Health Talks By Dr. J. J. MIDDLETON Dr. Middleton will be glad to answer all questions on Public Health matters through this column. Address him at Spadina House, Spadina Crescent, Torento, Ont. BURNS KEROSENE Lowest Operating Cost on Test forest fire in. the south of France which destroyed only 600 acres of tim- bér. This was considered a terrible disaster and an irreparable loss by the people of France. Many forest fires covering five million acres occur in Canada and usually through rank care- lessness. DIVINE SERVICES Sunday, July 22nd GLENGOLAND:-- Sunday School __.oo-- 2 p.m. Preaching Service __..__ 7.30 p.m. ETON and RUGBY SCHOOL: -- Sunday School __.__.._ ~ 2.30 p.m. Preachng Service __..__ 3.15 p.m. HOME of Mr PARKER: -- Preaching Service «--..----.. 10 a.m. J.P. COOKE, Pastor See us before you decide on your tractor WHIRLING SLEDGE HAMMER KEEPS TWENTY AT BAY Workman runs amok and is held in Port Arthur Jail pending out- come of injuries te BM. A. Purnnan, ef Hillport Swinging a sledge hammer in a murderous fashion, inflicting such sev- ere blows upon the head and face of M. A. Purnnan, section foreman at Hilliport, that he is now lying in St. Pohn's hospital, Port Arthur, with his recovery in doubt, and continuing the death-dealing hammer-swinging with such flail-like blows that he kept twen- ty men at bay when they were endea- voring to arrest him, John Keto, Fin- lander, is today in the Port Arthur jail remanded for eight days until it is known whether Purnnan will recover from his injuries. i some of them. ing to fepain her after- the-war stride © in the midst of many" A difficulties, -- debt, deflation and depression being to Fs savages sided an "unbrok one generation, frst wheat amid the | Quack remedies and academic snags of the new clearing. . 1, TE their umps and : thoroughly. | gelatinous, set the bottle in warm i water until the gelatin has dissolved. When | theories beset her path on every side. Some suggest that our de bt worries can best be eased by go- ing further into debt. Others preach blue ruin, decry their own country and indulge in mis chievous propaganda generally, while still others look for a vew social order or some miraculous sign to indicate a better coming day--all this in apparent forget- fulness of the fact that just as there was no royal road to win. the war, there is now no royal, road to pay for it or regain our former buoyancy, vigor and confidence. Some are leaving Canada hop- ing to escape taxation, only to find there is no escape anywhere. In seeking for easy remedies too many of us overlook the fact that the greatest remedy is hon- est, hard work {faithfully and intelligently performed, accom- panied by old-fashioned thrift It takes time, it takes ; patience, it takes grit. Butevery Canadian knows in his heart thst Canada is coming through all right. Our Experience Proves It Look back over the path Canada has trod. The Fr ron Colonists, cut off from civilization by 3,000 miles of sea, faced a continent-- a wilderness----without the aid of ed bualo pasture, and rs came to irie was a eww wheat where none had grown before by where thosz who knew the country best at that time said wheat would nsver grow. To- day the Da n preivies grow the finest wheat in the ori, The Selkirk sett M at nitoba wh the [4 In proportion to : gs to- i! an ; family ade per head ongst the A nations, a wit $135 in 1 "peak' Fens pefore the Ww ~~ New Opperiunities for fs anada tory, Rr largest export : r large mezsure making BA for lowe The next article will sug tical opportunities for pro on gur Canadian farms. Ant tharlond for publication by the Dominion De W. R. MOTHERWELL, Minister. artment of Agriculture Dr. J. H. GRISDALE, Deputy Minister. Es ARILDI20909C ITE A great menace to the public health presents itself in the slip-shod way some vendors have in serving ice- cream and soft drinks. A' rinse through cold water is practically all that the utensils get. Various inves- tigations have shown that the ordin- ary methods of washing soda water glasses and ice cream dishes neither cleanses nor sterilizes them. Conta- gious disease germs could thus be transmitted from mouth to mouth. The. following disinfectant is reco- mended by certain beards of health, for the cleansing of soda water glasses and other drinking and eating uten- sils: Solution No. 1--12-¢zs avoirdupois of chlorinated lime, 3%-czs and 66 grains avoirdupois of sodium carbon- ate, water to maks 50 fluid ounces. Grind the cholrinated lime in a mortar with 20 fluid ounces of water unti' a thick paste is made. Transfer the 'paste to a gallon bottle, washing it irom the mortar with 14 fluid ounces of water. The chlorinated lime must be of full strength. Dissolve the sodium carbonate in 17 ozs of hot - water. Add the soda solution to the lime solution in the bottle. Shake If the mixture becomes Strain through wet muslin until the liquid becomes clear. Wash with successive portions of warm water until' the amountof the solution totals 50 fluid ounces. Solution No. 2--8 fluid ounces, apothecaries' measure, hydrochloric acid. Water 29 fluid ounces. Mix and stir well. To one gallon of water, add 1 1-3 fiuid ounces of solution No. 1. When ready to use, add one fluid ounce of No. 2 to the above mixture. This - makes a solution which is practically neutral and which contains 2.81 per . cent free chlorine. The best method of dinsinfecting a soda water glass with the above des- "cribed is to first rinse it with warm water; next, with the solution, and - finally, wash off the solution with clear "clean cold water. TAKE AWAY MATCHES FROM FOREST VISITORS The Quebec provincial forest permit p= which every visitor to the forests of the province is required to take out before they are allowed to enter wood- ed country, does not entitle a person to- carry matches as a portion of per- Sonal equipment, according to the latest interpretation of the regulations imposed by the provincial department of Lands and Forests. Fire rangers in the vicinity of Lac La Peche and Lac des Cing and near the St. Maurice River are calling upon all sportsmen, guides, tourists and others to give up matches and smokes before they pro- ceed further, even though they have the required forest permit. "Because of heavy fire losses in June, the rang- ers throughout this section are making this stipulation until August 1, it has been announced. HOE TING HIS GARDEN WHILE HOLOCAUST RAGED NORTH BAY, Ont.--Three settlers in the vicinity of North Bay have been prosecuted by Ontario forestry offi- cials because of negligence with re- gard to fire and in each case, convie- tion was secured before Magistrate McGaughey at North Bay when the charges were heard. In one case, fire- ranger Garvin swore that he had found a settler calmly hoeing his gar- den while a fire was getting a good headway in a nearby forest. The fire burned for 18 days before it could be extinguished and the services of no less than 42 men were required for fire-fighting work during that period. The accused was charged with neglect- ing to report the fire and a fine was imposed with costs. Seas IIsnuy OVEF PIV wp on Dick Trist frviden Livery y, Transfer ie Exchange Bars DRYDEN ONT. © 3000695 3060000000 At the old Rhodes Stand JOS. A. STRUTT GENERAL BLACKSMITH ,& HORSESHOER All work done promptly * kok x 4 DRYDEN . TT, \ \