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Ce Cua Spr A 'tHE DRYDEN OBSERVER Leaf Spots : * kk % (Experimental Farms Note) Perhaps the most common of the strawberry diseases is the so-called leaf spot. In this distriet this disease is generally found wherever straw- berries are grown. In some localities very little damage is done to the crop, but in others whole plantations have been completely destroyed. all other fungal diseases, the severity o f the attack depends to a large ex- tent on tht vagaries of the weather man. The "leaf spot" first becomes ap- parent in the field as small reddish or purplish discolorations on the leaf, but with the progress of the disease these circular spots rapidly enlarge, the central portion becomes grayish in color, while the remaider of the spot shades through a reddish brown to the margin which remaing purpil. This is a very striking leaf spot. Occasion- ; ally these circular spots fall out, giv- ing the leaf a shot-hole appearance. On severely affected leaves these spots ! may coalesce to such an extent. that irregular blotches practically cover the entire surface of the leaflet. Sixa- ilar' lesions also occur on the other -susceptible parts of the plant. Another leaf spot, perhaps not so ocmmon in some distriets, is the so- called leaf scorch. The leaf scorch, in the early spring, appears as small irregular purple blotches not unlike the early stages of leaf spot. Later these spots enlarge and coalesce much the same as in the case of leaf spot, forming irregular blotches which often 'cover the entire surface of the leaf. The central portion of the spot or blotch, however, remains dark in ecl- or, and this characteristic gives us a ready means of distinguishing these two leaf spot diseases. As this disease progresses all the leaves take on u dry, burned appearance. Lesions occu not only on the leaves, but also on the petiole and, fruit' pedicel, where fre- quently sunken lesions are formed which girdle and sometimes kill these' parts. As a result of the attack of both these fungal diseases, the foliage is impaired and the vitality of the plant greatly weakened. In severe cases "the ' leaves are so affected that the plants die. In any case the plant is weakened and the next year's crop suffers as a consequence. When the fruit pedicels are affected the berries 'never mature, but become seedy and worthless. : These diseases are rapidly spread during .the growing season by the spores which are developed on the les- ions of the affected parts, and are wind-borne from diseased to healthy plants, thus setting up new infection in the patch. This accounts for the necessity throughout the summer of repeated sprayings in badly diseased . patches. 3 : sesh ' Control:-- 3 " These two diseases are controlled by the same aperations. symptoms of either leaf spot or leaf scorch (small purple discolorations) As with{ When the first! | . Rana zyYow: GOOD MONEY IN GOOD FARMING 8 "Let's Get riz and | Mortgage" With the increased cost of pro- nuction, the higher standards of now prevailing cannot be ined by poor farm manage- t, "boarder" milkers, scrub roor guality hogs or non- 16 KICHS. ' Fes hat ¢ ven under present condi- tions profits may be made is testi- fied by many skilful, observant and non-plunging farmers, who believe mare in the policy of "slow but sure" and "pay as you go" rather . than speed, with excessive bor- roi and the often consequent T. disast rye The results on our Fuxperimental so bear testimony to the of thorough, skilful work. ' wake farming many thousands farmers do make it FER x he Farmer Must Manufacture Ls) But crops alone are not enough. The farmer must change his crops into less bulky and more high- priced products--milk, pork, beef, ~ mutton, poultry, etc. ' With fair yielding cows dairying shows goed profits in Canada. The average cow has increased her vield 25% in the last ten years. Bhe can quite readily go up an- : Co-ordination of head and hand other 25% and more, and there's will mean real success. Farming where the profit lies. Better feed- in Canada has paid and pays now ing, better selection and better on many farms. It can be made to breeding will do the job--ifeed, pay on almost every farm. Cana- weed, breed. dian agriculture Mas passed through To do better feeding means fow profit-making eras gHocons: better pastures and more generous fully in the past and can do so supplies of palatable roughage. again, Short retationsincluding clover and "dull persi thought out metho Farmers today more than ever, must plan alizad, as-well as "plu along"; indeed they have no op- tics, if they wish to succeed. ensilage crops (corn, sunflower, ? | vea and oat, etc.) will provide feed Cunt Should be Incres Raa Bh C1 E Crop Returns Shou = Increased . in dbundance for both summer and On the Central Exp: ntal F winter. The experiments and in- Ottawa some crop costs in 1922 as contrasted average crop costs and © given below. The all-Ontaric figures are in brackets: vestigations which the Dominion Department of Agricultute have carried on prove that farming scientifically and systematically undertaken will pay profits. The ion that will help you. u breed live stock? Are you keep- [3 dairy eattlé? Are vou interested in try or bees? Ask us for informa- are tion. We have some that will help you. We have published and have for free distribution 396 different reports, bul- tins and eivenlars dealing with matters erest to you. Ask for what, you want, or for a list of our publications. | Cost per acre Profit per acre records cand particulars of such _ Hay $21.13 (313. $11.21 (35.09) work in every province are avail- Corn for [ g able to the Canadian farmer. - . rp ge o) " 4 . Forage $47.50 (833.75) z : Are vou growing grain, or producing Oats $26.47 (519.32) § in fruit? We cam Similar results can be shown fre m ve you informs: Experimental sometimes claimed to be produced at too great cont. Thousands of experiments, however, show tha increased cropping costs wisely applied up te a 1 always increase is true on the I --and on any aud m Crops We shall have scmething more to say later. Meantime write the Department of Agriculture, Ot- tawa, about your preblems. ; he Dominion Department of Agriculture W.R. MOTHER WELL, Minister, | Dr. J. H. GRISDALE, Deputy Min . New Canadians Start For Canada E55 have been noted in the patch, spray | immediately with a 4-4-40 Bordeau : mixture. It will be generally neces-- sary to continue these sprayings every two or three weeks during the season.' The following seasons, spray with the same mixture before'the blossoms open ! and agin after the fruit is picked. To obtain good yields from a strawberry patch, - the leaves must be kept free from these two diseases, and if the above spray calendar is carried out faithfully, a good, clean strawberry patch will result. Generally 'after the second crop the plants are ploughed under. . When setting out a new patch, never use plants which show symp- toms of either of these diseases. A new patch should be sprayed every two or three "weeks® during the first season. The following seasons two sprays anly should be necessary, one before the blossoms open, the other after the fruit has been picked. C. H. BERKELEY § Pathologist-in-charge Dominion Laboratory of Plant Path- , 8%. Catharines, Out. ' "Ye Olde Firm" -~ ple eintzmmm & Company, Ltd Kenora Branch The best in . PIANOS AND PHONOGRAPHS Old instruments taken in exchange New instruments sold on easy terms LEE an TRA J. WILDE in charge [= =o ES LE i A Busy Scene at the Liverpeol Dock. T= facilities for handling outward bound passengers | of many trunks and boxes being damaged, so that the at the Canadian Pacific dock at Liverpool, England, aggage is carefully loaded and distributed almost as are as perfect and speedy as any in the world, As will be | quickly as the passengers are received. It is usually seen from the picture above of future Canadian citizens | Planned to have all the passengers aboard at least haf 'boarding the "Montcalm", the travellers pass from the | 20 hour before sailing time, and the gangway is down street and railway station levels to waiting rooms on the | OF their reception about three hours before that time doek side, and crossing the bridged wharf, board the | Unless special trains are scheduled to arrive earlier. : ship by the saloon deck where thoy 'are Tadeived snd ute other dock-side facilities, the Montealm com- assigned to quarters. Their baggage is handled from as o ake on son) and discharge cargoe, mostly below' and with despatch. A travelling belt carrier Joduage ogy BL 4x aclach of the morning of a recent ! ey ; arrival. By 2.451in th operated by un lect yma chmihates the neces | oF ea 1 5 Ch aierioon she had fan, 00 tops of many noisy and slow moving winch hoists which, | was unloading 1,700 tons of freight, this being discharged when used and not too carefully operated, are the cause | by 7.15 the same evening. \ " r ? ° Cant Give Too Much Attention A column is devoted by the Mail and Empire in discussing the organ- ization of the Ferguson Government and the work that lies before it. Re- ferring to the policy just adopted of giving areater attention to the devel- opment of the Northern nortion of the ce the paper says: "The nat- es of Northern Ontario, they are known to be, and vaster as they will prove to be, are only the hintervland's material things, and not all its material things at that. For the. development of those natural resources there must be a population, and to overspread the clay belt and the treasure lands with an industrious people settlement policies have to be devised. Roads have to be built, rail- ways have to be run, all necessary public services have to be supplied, in order to get the areas of potential wealth occupied. The people who are there already have to be looked after, their wants ascertained and as far as possbile provided for. The Govern- ment cannot have its organization on vast as the Northern Ontario side too efficient. : Mr Ferguson's idea, which he offered to the late Government, of having a man appointed whose duty it would be' to keep the Government advised as to the needs of Northern Ontario, is now to be acted upon. K.C., member-elect for Port Arthur, has been appointed Under-Secretary - for Northern Ontario. ' Mr Keefer has lived long in the northern part of the Province and has a close acquaintance with the problems that have to be grappled with in the new areas of settlement." Here and There pt Nova Scotia has adopted the drive to the right" rule of the road, the bill providing the change having received the assent of the adminig. trator of the province. : The year 1922 was a banner T for Montreal in the number ss tonnage of ships which came to the port, a total of 6,983 ships of 18, 089,699 tons arriving, as compared os 5,541 ships of 9,735,450 'tons im Canada led the world in 1922 in the export of raw furs to the United States. The total fur catch for that year was over 4,000,000 pelts, valued at $16,000,000. While the general price of furs shows :a downward trend, the total catch shows a ree markable increase, : . Four of the Canadian Pacific Empress" liners, the 'Britain, the France, the Scotland and the India, are to load grain at Quebec duming the 1923 season, and new berths have been provided for these vessels near the grain conveyors, at a cost of $300,000. When she was alighting "from a street car in Vancouver, Mrs. Rose McLaren received injuries which pre- vented her from concentrating and temporarily did away with her earn. lug power as a spiritualist or psychie reader. She was awarded $1,250 against the railway company. The addition of the 17,000-ton *Montlaurier" to the Canadian Pa- cific "Mono Class" fléet marks an important development. Not only is she the largest one-class-cabin ship sailing to and from Canadian ports, but she is the largest in her class on the Atlantic. Her length is 613 feet and breadth 68 feet.. Because of her size she will sail to and from Quebec. Approximately 8,000 tons of silver , ore are waiting shipment from the Keno Hill, Yukon, mines. This quantity represents the winter haul. Another 2,000 tons may be moved thiz sumomer, making the total silver shipments ten thousand tons for 1923. Such an output is worth about $2,000,000, high grade ore running from $200 to $300 per ton. "The greatest feat of steam trans- portation to my knowledge," said<"C. E. Stockdill, of the Canadian Pacific Railway, recently, "was the move- ment of the grain crop of 1922." 'From Sept. 1 to Nov. 31, a period. of 91 days, the Canadian Pacific Railway loaded and shipped an aver- age of 1,265 cars per day. This re- quiring the 'dispatching of a train every 45 minutes during that entire! period, carrying more than 1,000,000 bushels daily. This movement ex- ceeded even that of the bumper crep year of 1915. One of the many instances of the splendid work carried out at the Liverpool docks is afforded by the Canadian Pacific liner "Metagama.® On a recent arrival at that port she started the discharge of her cargo and coaling at 6 o'clock in the morn.' ing. Allowing for the usual dinner hour, she took on board in her side bunkers 1,000 tons of coal, which was completed by 2.45. the same afternoon. At the same time she discharged 1,700 tons of cargo, the greater part of which consisted of package freight, completing this eperation by. 7.15 the same. evening Mr F. H. Keefer,