= + TOBY VER "DRYDEN. ONTARIO 5 TOES British Columbia Develop: During The Past Centus : Makes Interesting Hi we > You | this pix ! {he land for colonization purposes a ~ 5% they were to pay an amtial rent of seven shillings, settle smc, WISTERN EDITORS |G mm ------ ees - i ear .0l- upon the land within five years, a el | ony of British subjects, and dispose of | reasonable prices. However, ii Es 1859, at the expiration - of the com- aphic Story Of The Fawnine Conditions 0 £ The Soviet Ss Terrible In Land (By Irene Todd) Gazing out across the gray rolling Pacific and guarded by the sublime Canadian Rockies, that form its east- ern boundary, is a Stretch of land three times the size of the British Isles, or approximately 381,000 square miles of some of the richest and most beautiful country in the Dominjobh of Canada. It is British Columbia, the most westerly of her nine provinces-- the one which but a century ago was a dense illimitable forest whose sleep was broken: only by the trample of the surf on the shore, the singing of the wind in the tree tops, the whoop of the red man, and the bickerings of her few lone trading posts. Since that time three transcontinen- tal lines of railway have pierced their way through the mountain passes following the courses of her broad noble rivers to the ocean and bring- ing with them colonization and cuiti- vation, two of these forming part of {he great Canadian National Railways system, which is owned by the peo- - ple of Canada. And today her old time trading posts are fine modern commercial centres; her valleys are being settled and cultivated into or- chards, farms and gardens; her giant century-old cedars and firs of which she has 182,750,000 acres, are falling before the lumberman's axe, and mil- lions of dollars worth of her lumber and its products are being exported to foreign markets. Likewise, the wealth of her indented sea-coast and salmon streams is being harvested, her salmon pack alone for 1919 amounting to 1,393,256 cases; her mountain sides are being tapped for their hidden store of minerals and not one of the provinces is making great- er strides in development than she. Although the history of the North Pacific coast and the Pacific province has been comparatively peaceful, it is none the Jess interesting and romantic. As early as the sixteenth century those waters were the mecca of the English, Spanish, Dutch and Russian explorers in search of the mythical Strait of Annion, which was supposed to lead through the north- ern part of the continent from the Pacific to the Atlantic. All during the eighteenth century, the Spanish sailors from New Spain timorously felt their way along the Californian shore and up the North Pacific coast to Alaska, naming bays and headlands and obtaining immense catches of fish and sea-otfer. However, they failed to make a landing. This remained to be done by Captain James Cook, who with his two quaint fourrigged sailing vessels entered Nootka Sound, on the west side of Vancouver Island in March, 1778. Here, in casting an- chor, the vessels were surrounded by a fleet of canoes filled with Indians decked out in feathers, skins and war- paint, all eager to exchange the pelts of bears, wolves, foxes, martens and deer for the goods the explorers pos- sessed. Cook arrived back to Eng- land with impressing tales of the giant luxuriant timber growth of dhe country, its fine harbors, and the wealth of furs obtainable, and soon. an extensive fur trade on the North Pacific coast sprang up. = Other explorers followed, but not until 1795, when Capt. George Van- couver had sailed through the Strait of Juan De Fuca, explored Puget Sound and proceeded through the Gulf of Georgia and Queen Charlotte Sound, finally sailing completely around the island which now bears his name, was this land claimed by Great Britain. In the meantime a dauntless and courageous fur-trader, Alexander Mac- | Kenzie, of the North-West Company of Montreal, who in 1789 had reached the Arctic by way of the Mackenzie, CORNS Lift Off with Fingers Doesn't hurt a bit! Drop a little "Freezone" on an aching corn, instant- ly that corn stops hurting, then short. ly you. lift if right off with fingers. Truly! : Your druggist sells a-tiny bottle of "Freezone" for a few cents, sufficient fo remove every hard corn, soft corn, or corn between the toes, and the cal- luses, without soreness or irritation. Ww. NU 1412 "| Russian vessels took pany' ihe 2 they ing tures On Wextt 1 0 T. B. MACAULAY, President and Managing Director of the Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada. 5 decided. to undertake the perilous journey across the mountains through the great unknown to the Pacific. and arrived at Burkes Channel a few weeks after Vancouver had been sur- veying the coast at that point. Al- though he reported it a land of great fertility, with immense rivers teem- ing with fish, and mighty forests fill- ed with wild fur-bearing animals, the company thought it too remote and | too difficult of access to admit of profitable trade and left it untouched, until in 1805 they decided to extend their line of posts from the Great Lakes to the mouth of the Columbia. For this undertaking Simon Fraser, a youthful bourgeois of the company was chosen. He established four forts in the new territory which was then called New Caledonia, but the great river whieh he traversed and which brought him to the coast in 1808, was not the Columbia. It was the river which now bears his name, and which is the largest river whose basin lies entirely within the bound- aries of the province, having a length of 790 miles and draining an area of 91,700 square miles. At its mouth are now sitdated the fine cities of New Westminster and Vancouver, the fourth largest city in the Dominion, out of whose harbor float the ships of practically every nation. While Fraser was exploring one rart of the province, another daring trader, David Thompson, was at work establishing posts on a tributary of the Columbia River, now known as the Thompson. He arrived at the mouth of the Columbia in 1811, to find a post had already been estab- lished there by the Pacific Fur Com- pany, organized by John Jacob Astor, of New York. In 1813, this company was taken over by the North-West Company, which in turn was amalga- mated with the rival fur-trading com- pany, the Hudson Bay Company, in 1821 when the Imperial Government passed an act giving the néw company a monoply of the entire trade of the district, which was now known as the Company's Western Department. Soon, trading posts spread all the way up the coast of the mainland, and in 1824, Fort Vancouver was es- tablished as the headquarters of the Western Department and rapidly be- came a hive of industry. By 1836 a farm of nearly 3,000 acres was under cultivation in the vicinity of the Fort, producing wheat, barley, oats and vegetables, while an orchard of ten acres vylelded abundantly. There were also two sawmills and two flour mills supplying the company's needs, and providing export trade with the Sandwich Islands, and the Russian settlements to the north. This pros- perity continued until 1842, when the headquarters of the department was 'transferred to the south end of Van-| couver Island, to the site of what is now Victoria, the charmingly situated capital of the province, with a popu- lation of 55,000. At Victoria a fort was soon built, i the land tilled, stock imported and as "ships from England had orders to sail direct to this port and then pro- ceed to the Columbia River with the remainder" it gradually grew in im- portance. By 1847, 300 acres were under cultivation, and that year two from Victoria large quantities of wheat, beef and mutton. By this time coal had al- ready been discovered on the island, and in 1849 a fort was built at Na- naimo, where the foundation of the now great coal industry of the island was laid, a market even at that time being found for it in San Francisco. In this same year Vahcouver was rais- ed to a colony, with a governor and fourteen justices of the peace fo ad- minister its affairs, while the Hudson Bay Company was given contiol of the land for ever, subject only to the domination of the British Crown. For the company posts were peing increased, ies with from the east, ships {rom England | from oo 1s ing and settling. ie rv s license of exclusive trade with ndians, the Government wished, might recover the island by pay- for their espendi- on it. ; the mainland the number oJ mission- a few settlers were coming ght distinguished visitors and ers, and in the south, in what was n as the Oregon Country, Ameri the Eastern States were But the new- s in Oregon refused to submit ile of the British Company, up the question of the Inter- boundary, which in 1845 was g latitude 49 degrees. In British Government. held an 3 Tad OVE the mainland was re- voked British Columbia forme Wetaskiwin, the d | Association. . are Vv. C. French, Editor of The Times, Canadian Weekly into 3 vy by an act defining its | boundai op and south, the 60th and they, parallels respectively; | and easty ost {he Rocky Moun- tains an acific Ocean. James Douglas, gvernor of Vancouver Island, was ministration o stice provided. At this time the Sany's rule on Van- couver Island 0 came to an end being purchased; «ihe government for £57,000, whikhe company was allowed to retainye fort property and certain townys with several thousand acres in \ vicinity of Vie- toria. |! In 1853 there hadeen rumors of gold being found in ti Columbia and Fraser Rivers, but Win in 1867 the Hudson's Bay Compaly steamer ar- rived in San Franciscesth a consign- | 193 a second transcontinental {1014 came a Seco : ne with its terminus at Prince Ru- ant to hear. i t thern | his six days' inspe pert, L art of the province, : saw the completion of a| Soviet Govern tinental line, known as piled in great west- | that those in charge of These | work could : ; f the | Ile saw little children dropping over as they walked and par 0 miles of pub-| ly preparing to die in or offspring might live. ing year \ COVERY UT 'BS-BeW i third transcon enn 5 ei ae terminus at Vancouver. last two lines NOW form pari © great Canadian National Railways Sys: tem, comprised of 14,00 this opening up the nor while the [ollow- 'Canadian Northern, with its lic-owned lines tapping all nine prov- inces of the Dominion, all her best seaports. Yet marvelous as growth in the past, it is but a terion of what her future holds. deed, she is a ve : potential wealth, with 1,600 miles Rocky Mountains plor which has been her Russia, a great, dark possib descriptio ar thinking men of vision been working for a : and not the blood-thirsty tyrants that they have been made out 10 be; would do credit to Cana United States. the things that Col. ED Ottawa, : for North Renfrew, and president of the Canadian Branch of he the Russian Children Fung, id about in an address he gave recently. | Te had just visited Alta., and President of derstood countr Newspaper | in the heart of the the Volga River an servation, not from hearsay. | cot. Mackie has to tell is not ple and touching | saw ritable storehotise of | 1 did I could not deser of | are beyond description, practically unex-{ parison. Ther ed, and part of the same range, | history of the : in . Mexico and the United | compare them. land of golden] August tant eon, and in pone 1 iti grai WW 10 ; for ilities where famine confines RS se hd were harvested; the pOi~toes gather- ed were the size of marbles and olives. The entire harvest in many farm-yards could be loaded on 2a or I so terrible as to be almost beyon n; Lenine and Trotsky deep: who have! mistaken 'ideal | the | adian farm wagon, the, harvest of ran = 100 acres. : well-disciplined and hon} or : ; 'anadian com- Red Arms, = : organization that Speaking of the Castalia Si) sre pmivay da or the | mittee of the 'Save ihe Children These are a few of | Fund," of which he is te num ; 1. Mackie, of | Colonel Mackie said "that in. the fer T days since organization the commis tee had been able to forward to St. John ready for transhipment to Rus- sia 150,000 tons of foodstuffs, valued at between $18,000 and $20,000, and | all collected at an expense of not | more than $50, as, outside of steno- ters and other office help, 21 the d speaks from ob- | work in connection with the I What | being done gratuitously. Branches as- | have been organized' as far west as It is horrifying. In| Edmonton, and it is Taped ts soos ction of those fam-| the assistance of clubs, chure late Member of Parliament "The Save that much-misun- y, and has been right famine areas along a s er Y the ieti verywihere. As the food i SCO of ti societies ever 2 ine areas, under special ese 5 ment he saw the dead supplied consisted Dr incipally of masses, So numerous | bread, rice, milk and lard, it was o> ihe burial|sible to furnish meals at the cost ¢ three cents each. This mean that 5a : a month would feed a child, or 35 $1 ents resigned-| the next harvest. To equip a St der that their | which would feed 100 children till And he alic| harvest time costs $500, and it was m, desecra- | his hope that organizations such as ; the Kiwanis Club, and similar bodies, «1 [would undertake to look after the e of these. not attend to their duties. evidence of cannibalis tion of the dead. ot ; speaker," he said. i 1am not & 50 or of (loquence | funds for maintaining on cri- | do not possess the powe ; In-| to describe these scenes, but even if ibe them. They beyond com- : e is nothing in the past | Former Air Force Member Hopes to § i to Make Trip world with which 5 5 vine All I say is thisi! That a Trans-Pacific aerial Servis ave tried out this}in the near future IS a possibility, is Planning Flight Across Pacific ment of gold for the mited States mint, the news createdthe greatest furore California had yer The following year all finds venturers to Lite mumber of 25,000 left for the new diggings, in all sorts of craft, with only the vaguest idea of their destiny. The primitive streets of Victoria swarmed with the eager cosmopolitan crowd and shops and shanties sprang up like magic. They rushed to the mainland, up the Fraser where they soon occupied all the auriferous bars from Port Hope to Lytton, the district now penetrated by the Canadian National Railways line to Vancouver. Although there were many: disappointments, many fortunes were made and a great many of the prospectors, realizing the wealth of the country, settled there and laid the foundation of the great mining industry which now exists, and which, although only in its in- fancy, yielded over thirty-three mil- lion dollars in 1919. In 1866 the Imperial Parliament passed an act annexing Vancouver Is- land to British Columbia and the two colonies were declared one, with Vie- toria as the capital. In 1871 sli emn- tered the confederacy and formed one of the provinces of the Dominion of Canada, one of the conditions of her entrance being that the survey for a line of railway, linking her up with the eastern part of the Dominion, was to have been commenced at once, cad that she was to enjoy the same pro- tection and immunities as the other provinces. Since the completion of Canada's first transcontinental line of railway, the Canadian Pacific, in 1885, binding the Dominion together from the At- lantic to the Pacific with bands of steel, the growth of British Columbia has been almost phenomenil. In HEART WOULD BEAT LIKE A TRIP HAMMER Heart trouble has of late yea.s be- come very prevalent. Sometimes a pain catches you in the region oi the heart, now and then your heart skips beats, palpitates, throbs, or beats with such rapidity and violence you think it is going to burst. You- 'have weak and dizzy spells, sinking sensations, are nervous, irrit- able and depressed, and if you at- tempt to walk upstairs or any distance you get all out of breath. oo "We know of no remedy that will do so much to make the heart regain strength and vigor, regulate its beat and restore it to a healthy normal con- | dition as will MILBURN'S HEART AND NERVE PILLS Mrs. Chadwick, Delhi, Ont., writes: --*1 had palpitation of the heart, and the least exercise, such as going up- stairs or up a hill, my heart would beat like a trip-hammer and at times I was dizzy-headed and had a sinking s sensation as if my time were near. A friend suggested I try Milburn's Heart and Nerve Pills, so I procured three boxes, and by the time the first one was used I began to Improve. In all I took six boxes, and now although in my 66th year-I feel like a young girl; no dizziness or heart-thumping, and can walk miles without fatigue. At time of sickness I weighed 120 Ibs. now I weigh 150." Price 50c¢ a box at all dealers, or {mailed direct on receipt of price by The T. Milburn Co., Limited, Toronto, States has yielded metals © known. | of W ell over three million dollars per of length of the system; with 0 acres of some of the in the Dominion, with fertile valleys where some of the best fruit in Can- ada is being produced, although as yet on a small scale; and with an ideal climate consisting of eight months of sunshine and warmth and the other four of practically continual mist or rdin, the temperature for eighty miles inland never falling be- low zero. 'While all this calls the setticr and the investor to the Pacific province, it is the wondrous beauty of the coast that is traversed by the fine palatial steamers of Canadian Na- tional Railways and the sublime gran- deur of her mountain scenery that calls thousands of tourists to her shores every year, and will continue to call as long as the majestic snow- clad mountains bring the soul of man in tune with the Infinite, and the mur- mur of pines, the laughter of moun- tain cataracts and the lone mysterious beauty of nature lifts man above com- mon clay, and makes him finer, bet- ter and nobler. Relief for Starving Armenians Saskatchewan Has Made Very Sub- stantial Contribution to Fund Saskatchewan has already made a very substantial contribution to the Armenian Relief Fund, and appar- ently there is more to follow. The total contribution recorded up to the middle of February amounted to the sum of $12,143.88, divided almost equally between cash and grain con- tributions, the separate amounts be- ing cash $6,515.59 and grain $5,628.29, with probably 500 or 600 bushels of grain still unsettled for. In addition to this, North Battleford, Humboldt, Aberdeen, Lloydminster thern are each endeaypring to raise a car of wheat for the fund. 'When it is remembered that condi- tions have for some months past not been at all favorable for such an appeal, one cannot but feel a consid: erable amount of gratification that the response has been so great. It has not yet been possible to check up the amounts contributed with the amounts pledged on the pledge cards, land for this reason it is impossible 'at present to make any estimate as to the province. ultimate contribution of the A Sultan's Watch In 1844 a most elaborate watch was made--of twenty-two carat gold--for Sultan Abdul-Medjid by a- firm at Cornhill. This giant watch was five inches in diameter. Though it had no bell, it chimed the hours and quar- ters, the striking apparatus consisting of wires. Its powerful yet pleasant tone resembled that of a cathedral clock. The cost of this wonderful thing was twelve hundred guineas. Pe Righty million people in Central i Ont. Africa are still pagan. f a value| Thank God they h ( new doctrine of Communis | debt of gr itude for and Ros-{ min "us- sia instead of in Canada or : States or England. We owe The Soviet Government at Moscow is not to blame for the famine condi- tions along the Volga, Col. Ma-kie declared. On the other hand, the political administration is doi~g all in its power to assist in alleviating the suffering and is joining in the appeal to the outside nations. Te Canadians must discount many of the stories that are circulated about the Soviet Government, he insisted. 1 The idea that tne trains carrying food to the famine districts are pillag- ed long before they reach the needy is erroneous and should be dispelled. He could testify from actual ex- perience. He had ridden on one of those trains across Russia, through the districts where the Red Army holds sway and not one pound of food was stolen, not one car tampered with. The train was escorted its entire journey by Red guards and a more honorable lot of men; so far as the protection of food was concerned, he could not have found. He saw guards remain without food for more than 36 hours and never trouble the cars, until permission was given their com- mander to take a small amount and distribute it among the men. This wonderful discipline may be caused by fear but Col. Mackie believed it was something greater and better, the love of the little children and of Rus- sia. So anxious is the Soviet Govern- ment that the foodstuffs reach the suffering that it has made itself re- sponsible for the loss of every pourd of flour or grain and carefully reim- burses the famine workers for every- thing. : The real causes of the famine con- ditions in the Volga basin are the failure of the crop last year and the raids waged over that district by Gen- erals Wrangel, Denekin and Kolchak. The Volga district was the centre of the fighting between the Red Army and the ecounter-revolutionists, and the poor peasants in between suffered. Their granaries .were pillaged and their farm animals requisitioned. The first rain did not fall until late in the opini the United | the Royal Air them a | overseas was an enviable that aloe, if for more than one enemy plane has been on of J. Roach, formerly ui Force. His record one, and ced to his credit. It is his ion oq (on wo quahiy fo. comr WAN : in Canada, and as soon as his course is completed, he will secure from ne' Maurice-Farman Aeroplanes 1.14. Rouen, France, a type of machine suitable for the purpose. The Trans-Pacific route would prob- a point in Alaska. From there to the Aleutian Islands, across the Behring Sea to the Kamohatka Peninsula and south along the Asiatic coastline to Japanese and Chinese points. Fuel stations would be arranged for at dis- tances of from 5000 to 1,000_miles, supplies of all kinds being obtainable at these points. An effort will be made to secure the co-operation of those countries immediately affected by this service. - Mr. Roach is confident that the in- itial steps of this great movement will be taken within a year. He says the speed at which the world of aeronau- ties is moving calls for a drastic change in the immediate future in the system of world-wide transportation and hopes that this development, em- anating on Canadian soil and backed by Canadian finance will be realized, the foreground of modern progress. See Canada First Calgary Board of Trade Advises Law Makers to Give Dominion the = Once Over : The Calgary Board of Trade has adopted a resolution calling on all members of parliament to see Canada first before they enter upon their legislative duties. The argument is that they will, in this manner, in- crease their knowledge of many rail- way, agricultural and development problems when they are seeing the Dominion at first-hand and will be en- abled to deal more efficiently with na tional problems as they come up. The willow is one of the most adapt- able plants. A willow switch merely stuck in wet suitable ground is ale most certain to take root. : away. y. As a "SPOHN'S' is quick and certain. SPOHN MEDICAL COMPANY, GOSHEN, INDIANA, U.S.A. SPOHN'S DISTEMPER COMPOUND is indispensable in treating Influenza, Distemper, Coughs and Colds so prevalent among horses at this season of the year. nearly thirty years "SPOHN'S" has been given to prevent * these diseases, as well as to relieve and cure them, occasional dose 'conditions' your horse and keeps disease For An remedy for cases actually suffering For sale at drug stores. = Keeps Fresh and Fragrant in the Sealed : Package ably be north along the B.C. coast "». placing the Dominion once again in Hyra : : 1 :