seh Health 'Talks By Dr. J. J. MIDDLETON Dr. Middleton will be glad to answer all questions on Public Health matters through this column. Address him at Spadina House, Spadina Crescent, ADVANCE CLOVER HULLERS ¥ Teronto, Ont. Vaccination is the surest way to protection against smallpox. Although bitterly opposed by many, it has won on iits merit and is now widely prac- ticed over the whole civilized world. Although smallpox inoculation was practiced in England and America during the latter part of the eight- teenth, it was due fo an observant English physician, Edward Jenner, to discover vaccination as it is practiced today. Hitherto, matter taken from a pustule of a patient suffering from natural smallpox was injected under the skin and he or she thus developed ' 2 mild case of smallpox. But this pro- cedure had certain drawbacks. While inoculation was followed by a milder form of the disease, owing to the fact that the person inoculated was in good health at the time, the disease thus acquired was contagious, and those acquiring it by contagion developed in an aggravated and often fatal form. Consequently, inoculation lost its pop- ularity for a time, but was revived in England and America after it was! found unnecessary to take the matter for inoculation from a person who had : natural smallpox, but that it could be taken from the arm of a. person who had been inoculated, and that it could be transferred from arm to arm quite indefinately. Jenner's was epoch-mak- ing. He lived in a dairy country in Gloucestershire, and as was the cus- tom with doctors he had occasion to inoculate numerous persons for small- pox. From time to time he noticed that among the cows in his home dis- trict a disease appeared, marked by the presence of pustules on the teats, and known as cOwWpoOXx. Oftentimes , milkers who had even slight abrasions on their hands would become infected after milking cows with these pustules on their udders. Pustules would ap- pear on the fingers and hands of these milkers, and some of them would go to the doctors for inoculation against smallpox. It became quite generally known among the doctors practising inoculation that persons who had cow-* pox did not develop smallpox follow-, ing innoculation. : i Jennere was not the first to make' this observation, but he was the first to investigate scientifically the relation between these diseases. On May 14, 1796, he took some matter from a cowpox sore on the hand of a dairy- maid and used it ito inoculate James Phipps, a healthy boy about eight years of age. This treatment was fol- lowed by a single pustule which rap- idle formed a scab and dried up, leav- ing only a scar. Six weeks later, Jenner inoculated this boy with the smallpox; the inoculation was with- out effect. During the next five years more than five thousand persons were first inoculated with cowpox and subseqen- tly with smallpox, and in no' instance did the second inoculation have any effect. In the whole history of scientific experimentation there has never been an investigation so widely tested with human beings rather than animals. There has been much opposition to vaccination but the results of" this simple procedure speaks for them- selves. Its history has been a remark- able one. Even as far back as 1805, Napoleon ordered that all of his sol- diers who had not had smallpox should be vaccinated. France soon offered "free vaccination to all who were not able to pay for it. The Empress of Russia ordered that the first child sub- mitted to the operation should receive the mame of Vaccinof and should be "educated at public expense. Spain sent ships carrying doctors and vac- cine matter to its wide domains in the Western Hemisphere. Jenner sent vaccine to a tribe of American Indians 'suffering from smallpox, and after proving its value, the Indians return- . ed the following message: "We send a belt and string of wampum in token of our acceptance of your precious gift, and we beseech the Great Spirit to take care of you in this world and in the Land of Spirits." 20000004000003 000000000008 Dick Trist $ Dryden Livery, Transicr ov and Exchange Barn $ DRYDEN - ONT. g. . : 040000600001 10000000 Bi ~ _in yards where there is no natural SEPARATORS OIL PULLS TRACTORS" 7s sil "EN Oil-Cooled E The only Perfect En gine en the narket UMBLEY ° ] > ¥ Robs Neighbors of $300 FORT WILLIAM, August 7--The pro- vincial police and Canadian Pacific poilee, at Ignace, Kenora and Winni- peg are looking for a man nanied Henry Kaki, a Finlander, who is said to have stolen nearly $300 in cash, two y . be il Canada's Winnings Abroad Success Achieved at the Principal Agricultural Shows in Britain and the United States The following list of winnings by Canada in 1922 at the leading agricul- tural shows in Great Britain and the United States is compiled from the checks for $45.42 and $25 respectively, Agricultural Gazette of Canada for On€ of which was recovered, also =a July--August. 3 _ rifle and revolver from two other' Fin- Imperial Fruit Show, London, Eng-- | landers named Martti Laine and KF. Ontario Apples, eleven firsts, nine Yanquist on Sunday last at a lonley seconds and one third. shack in Dayson Road township. National Dairy Show, St. Paul, Sa 'When last seen, Kaki was boatding Ontario cattle: two championships, & westbound freight train about four two firsts, three seconds, five thirds . 0'clock on Sunday afternoon. and several awards in "string" classes. | oi = nginec present on the perches ox birds should be removed from the house for a day or two, a | the build- | ing thoroughly fumigated, followed i with a really good cleaning of every part of the interior. A thorough occasional whitwashing of the whole interior of the house will make the place more sanitary. Poultry confined walls, the chade from the hot rays ofthe sun, should be provided with shelter of some sort; sunflowers or : artichokes planted in the yards and protected un- til they get a start, will provide excel- lent shelter from the sun. Colony houses scattered through an orhcard or cornfield make a very desirable place for the growing stock. Tilthy drinking vessels are the cause of a great many troubles in the poultry yards. Plenty of pure drink- ing water, which is kept in clean ves- sels in a sheltered place, will benefit the stock to a lage extent. Be sure that the young growing stock are well fed, to promote growth, and that they ave given liberal range where there is abundance of green feed and also animal feed in the form of insects, worm, ete. Cull out the old stock that you do not intend to keep over for another year, and sell them early while the price is high. and whiel they are in ood condition before they cominence to moult. i J.-D. LANG, Poultryman Lennoxville, Que. Chief Officer McMurray alefti, who commanded the lifeboat that made the rescue. fand." 3--A glimpse of the lounge aboard moments of the "Clintonia" after her crew HE tale of an heroic rescue at with vessel afloat until help arrived was told steamship arrived at New Captain Aaron Kearley and his of five of the tiny schooner "Clin- tonia" of Luneaburg, N.S. It part of the coolness and heroism 'of Brit- ish seamanship in which Chief Of- ficer Kearley of the lost schooner played the leadiag roles. : : Totally helpless in a terrific storm, the from Fortune Bay, was was tain mander, was compelled to abandon the crew was rescued because of the heavy seas. : # For three days and nights we had manned the pumps, Captain Kearley 3 @ Ontario second in Dairy Herd Class. championship, first, second, third and : International Live Stock Show, Chi- fourth prizes in peas; grand champ- y cago--Ontario Clydesdales: reserved ionship and first in rye; second in al- Sk : championship, two firsts, three seconds ' falfa. el "T g : and several thirds and fourths. Champ] International Live Stock Show, Chi- : ? z : ignship for car lot of sheep, for grand cago--Alberta won grand champion- B U R N S K E R 0s E N E championship wethers under two years : ship and first in Galloways; fourth and ; ! and grand champonship of the show. seventh in Shorthorns, second and two Lowest Operating Cost on Test by an Ontario sheep breeder. Show- other places in Herefords, first and ing Southdowns, Oxfords, Lincolns, "fourth in grades and Shorthorn Special See us before you decide on your tractor i Leicesters and Shropshires, Ontario University of Alberta was exhibitor. : , fwon eight championships, thirty-two | Tmperial Fruit Show, London, Eng-- firsts, twenty-five seconds, and several British Empire Section: Nova Scotia, thirds. In Shorthosns and Angus cat- first for 20 boxes dessert apples and tle Ontario was well to the front. first for 20 boxes of culinary apples. : = | International Grain and Hay Show, Overseas Section: Ontario first British | i . Chicago--Saskatchewan, eleven prizes | Columbia second and Nova Scotia i | 121 ACRE FARM : P . Wi oe le wheat; sweep-jthird . Nova Scotia altogether won stakes for threshed wheat and first two firsts, three seconds and five third. Here's the chance youre looking rize inners and fifth (Hard Red Spring) reserve, |New Bonen did mot show in 1922 for: To get a good Farm including jy the Standing Field Crop Competi- and seven: other places, seventh for ibut in the previous year 'won first, equipment, ready to go to work ant tion in Clover Hard Red Winter, five places for |gold medal and two specials "for Me- make some money from the start. threshed oats, eighth for two-rowed |Intosh and Fameuse apples, and third Only 1% miles from Dryden by road, Tren : threshed barley, twelfth for threshed |for Golden Russets. British Columbia or 2 miles by water. Southern boun- Points' yye ninth for threshed clover, and first | won "a number of prizes for apples dary is Lake Wabigoon. Plenty of Wes. Pollard, Ox drift ----ommon 90 | for threshed peas. 'Saskatchewan has |and pears although Kootenay and Ok- a standing pulpwood and fire wood, good Wm. Jones, Oxdrift ~ 89 { won the wheat championship nine anagan growers were practically un- barn 20 x 28, with attached hen-house pj Neely, Oxdrift ----.oowooume- gg times in eleven years, not exhibiting represented. 14 x 36. Soil is mostly sandy loam, (Thos. Lewis, ORR ood 58 {in one year and taking second in an-| Portland and Oregan, International especially adapted to early garden : ; { other. Live Stock Show--DBritish Columbia, crops and small fruits. About % acre | J00- Adams, 0X07 olor 85 | fnternational Grain and Hay, Chi-|for Clydesdale horses, senior and new red raspberry plantation, also 'A. J. Gardiner, Eagle River __... 82% cago---Alberta, three grand champion-! grand championships junior champion- other small fruits. ° : D. McKenzie, Eagle River __....-- T8% ships, one in 'oats, one in peas and one | ship and reserve grand championship; For quick sale owners will include FRASER ROSS, Judge in rye; second and three other places ! also seven firsts and a number of sec- 2 horses and harness, Jersey cow and Fort William in- wheat; grand championship, first onds and thirds; for Dorset sheep, two heifer calf, plow, 2 sets harrows, 4 and twelve other prizes in oats; first | championships, fourteen firsts and five wagon and other tools including com- and fifth places in barley; grand seconds. bined planet Junior drill and cultiva- o-- tor. Quick buyer gets all crops be- sides stock and equipment with im- mediate possession at $3,200.00. Will sacrifice farm without equipment at $20 per acre--apply Dryden Observer, SUMMER CARE OF POULTRY (Experimental Farms Note) There is a tendency among some | people to believe that poultry do not 8 require any specia leare during the summer months, and may be allowed practically to shift for themselves. While it is true that conditions are more favourable for growing stock, and for egg production in adult stock, yet at no time in the year is more care necessary to prevent disease and ver- min than durng the summer months. Poultry kept in close stuffy sleeping i "quarters cannot be kept in the best of health, and are fit subjects for the ravages of lice and mites. It would be much better toh ave wire netting ; put in place of the glass windows in A order that more fresh air mght cir- culate in the house. i A very strict watch must be kept for any evidences of lice or mites as soon as the warm weather commences. If lice are present on the birds, treat each bird individually with some Blue Mercury Ointment, or some reliable dusting powder, and if red mites ave Unusual pictures of the sinking of a Lunenburg, N.S. schooner. 1--Capt. Gillies of the "Scotland" and 2--The "Empress of Scot- the "Scetland." ® 4--The return of the lifeboat. 5--The last few had been rescued by the "Empress of3cotland." get on shore when they arrived. Nome suffered any ill effects from the three days of exposure. Chief Officer McMurray, his bro- ther officers said, has play the part of 'the rescuer in several sea disas- ters. and received a silver loving cup from the Mikado of Japan for hav- ing rescued the crew of a wrecked Japanese steamship in the China Sea several years ago. Other officers of the liner also have been decorated for bravery, both in war and peace. First Officer Ronald Stewart receiv- ed the Victoria Cross for sinking a German submarine while commander of a "mystery ship." Captain Gillies is Commander of the Order of the British Empire. All of the wrecked schooner's crew are under 30 years of age and un- married, Capt. Kearley said. They were given $400 by the passengers of the steamer. The great Canadian Pacific liner is now cruising the Med- iterranean carrying a large party of tourists from all over the United States and Canada. In the early summer she will be back upon the regular Canadian Pacific trans-Atlan. were sighted, did not believe that we could be saved before my ship sank. I cannot say too much of the bravery of Officer McMurray and his men when they took a desperate chance in effecting our rescue." A volunteer crew manned the. life- boat, and several oars were broken by the waves when Officer McMur- ray put off for the Clintonia. "The schooner was sinking rapid- ly as we rowed for it," * McMurray said s "The crew were clinging to ropes, and every wave broke over the tiny craft. The sea was so heavy that we could not go alongside, and . the men were compelled to jump in- to the swirling waves. We had some trouble in picking them up, and all were utterly exhausted and half dead from cold when we got them in the lifeboat. 'Tt was a ticklish task getting back to the "Empress," he continued. "We finally got alongside, but it was so rough we had to abandon the life- ! boat. It was badly "crushed before we could all get aboard, and was in splinters a few minutes later." The sea and of a desperate battle the elements to keep a sinking the Canadian Pacific "Empress of Scotland" York recently with crew when was an epic of courage on the of the sturdy Nova Scotians and BE. W. McMurray, and Captain "Clintonia"" bound for Halifax 'Newfoundland, in a sinking condition when it sighted by the "Empress." Cap- James Gillies, the liner's com- lifeboat in which the schooner's said, "we had given up hope and Clintonia meanwhile had sunk. tic route. The remarkable photos of 'were completely exhausted when we The crew of the schooner lost] the sinking' schooner and the lifer sighted the steamer, We hoisted the 'everything except the clothes they]boat were caught by a passenger oli Bists css signal, but even after wel wore, but were smiling and eager to] the "Scotland"