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THURSDAY, JUNE 16th, 1932 THN Hea ay BURIAN Tests of Ontario Lignite Indicate Great Promise Research Foundation Has Conducted Experiments for Two Years and Believes That Product Can Be Utilized, Both for Commercial and Domestic Purposes (From The Fi Highlights of what has been! accomplished in tests of Northern; Ontario's lignite, first exclusively given in the May 14 issue of The Financial Post, are now supple-' mented by official information from the Ontario Research Foun- dation. The official, tests con- ducted in Europe, and the practi- cal demonstrations since with the resultant products ofthe Research Foundation, give increasing evi- dence that in Northern Ontario's lignite, Ontario has an important fuel source that now only awaits development, beneficiation, mar- keting and education of the pub- lic to its use. \ It is two years since the Ontario Research Foundation undertook, working in close co-operation with the Ontario Department of Mines, to test the value of this fuel and to work on the problem of its utilization. Under the ar- rangement all the expenses of the Research Foundation in this connection are footed by the De- partment of Mines, which pio- neered the investigation into the nancial Post) Send 110 Tons for Test One test that responded par- ticularly well to the samples shipped was the Fleissner pro- cess, controlled and licensed for operation on a royalty basis. In this process, the raw lignite from 1% to 6 inches in size and con- taining about 50 per cent mois- ture is charged through the top of large cylindrical vessels. . The smaller commercial sizes of these vessels are about 700 cubic feet, capable of containing 15 tons of lignite. roduct Has 20% Moisture If a lower moisture is extract- ed the product absorbs moisture from the atmosphere, reaching a stabilized point around 20%. No by-products are formed in this process and: the dried material is found to shrink about 20% in volume. An analysis of this fuel shows it to have a heat value of 9,000 b.t.u. per pound, an ash con- tent of under 6% and a moisture content of 20%. The sulphur con- tent is about 1%. The lignite subjected to this process has a hard laminated structure of fair lignite deposits at Blacksmith Rapids about three years ago. lustre. The heating value is about ;two-thirds of that of the high- grade bituminous coal of around 13,500 b.t.u. Tests have shown that it is remarkably resistant to handling and is but little affected by weathering. In a 46 day test |high temperature to remove all| subject to draught control for!sults obtained on German lignite. on the roof of the Research Foun-;moisture and to remove most of|domestic use. dation there were practically no signs of disintegration while raw lignite under the same exposure had disintegrated to a useless fine dust. One Ton Makes 1,100 Pounds of Fuel In the Fleissner process of treatment, 2,000 Ibs. of raw lig- nite containing 50% moisture shrinks to 1,100 pounds of dried lignite and in the process gives up approximately 76 imperial gal- lons of water. In Europe this class of fuel is extensively used for locomotive and other steam generating and under certain 'conditions it is mixed with bituminous coal. Tests set up in the laboratory of the Research Foundation show that it gives good results for do- mestic purposes. In an open grate demonstration it burned with a long pleasing flame and gave indications of being super- jor to cannel coal. Tests conduct- ed in a Standard Quebec heater, fitted with solid grates, gave equally satisfactory results. It burned freely and efficiently, was quick to re-kindle into a quick fire and held well under damper control. Other Tests Made In addition to the Fleissner process, tests were conducted in Germany on carbonization by the KING OF KINGS AND LION OF JUDAH THREATENED BY DEPOSED MONARCH Ras Tafari, King of Kings, Lion of Judah, and otherwise known as the Emperor of Abyssinia (shown above in a close-up and also on his throne), has received a warning from [idj Jeassu, who was Emperor before Haile Selassie deposed him in 1917. Jeassue has been in captivity for the past fifteen years, but has at last escaped in the guise of a woman and is in hiding in the wild hills of Gotjam district, with a large and influential following. The former Emperor says that as soon as the rainy season is over he will go down to Addis Ababa and settle accounts with his old enemy. ADMIRAL, OELLICOE DEATH OF GERMAN ADMIRAL RECALLS SEA FIGHT SINKING oF THE BrUCHER | Pete The recent death of Admiral Franz von Hipper at Hamburg, Germany, recalls the i f } y , its his career, the Battle of Jutland, on May 31, 1916. Von Hipper was opposed on Te eae miral Beatty, Admiral of the British Grand Fleet, with whom he had had a 1915. Beatty paid yon Hipper a fine tribute in characteristic seadog manner: "He was a and a gallant fellow.,, Although the British losses were heavy in the Jutland battle, it conceded by naval experts that the German fleet received such a pounding as to keep it f previous engagement in great fighter is generally rom ever a- gain seeking an open fight. The first engagement between von Hipper and Beatty resulted in a vic- tory for the British admiral, the German fleet losing the powerful Bluche other ships badly shattered. But it was : r id gia from total extinction. as having two von Hipper's seamanship that saved the remnants of his force |Lurgi and Kohlenveredlung restate The briquettes in the Que- jcess. In both of these processes|bec burner burned completely to |the raw coal was heated in a car-jash without disintegrating and |bonization oven to a sifhicieciy tireee evidently a desirable fuel pressure alone, The tests con- ducted on Ontario lignite, how- ever, with this process were not at all comparable with the' re- jthe tar, oil and gas, all of which} jare collected, leaving behind char or semi-coke, 5] oven in rather small pieecs, and while it can be burned in_ this form in industrial furnaces, us- ing chain grades, to make it ap- plicable for domestic furnaces or fuel it must be briquetted with a binder. From one ton of the raw lignite with 50 per cent moisture, carbonization makes about 700 pounds of char which will give 770 pounds of briquettes, having a heating value of over 12,000 b.t.u. per pound. Withstand Handling Briquettes made by these pro- cesses using a binder are water- proof and of sufficient strength, |to withstand transport and hand- jling. One difficulty with these processes of briquetting is that |\the resultant tar from the car- |bonizing oven is not sufficient to |provide the pitch binder required in the briquetting process. This would necessitate the outside pur- chase of a tar or pitch and trans- portation to the site of beneficia- tion. Under test in a Quebec heater at the Research Foundation these briquettes were demonstrated as a desirable fuel with one evident disadvantage, that smoke is pro- duced when recharging the fur- nace. This is a characteristic of all briquettes using pitch binders and is not alone peculiar to lig- A Real Fishing Story Dr. George F. Clark, of Woodstock, N.B., believes in producing evidence when telling his fish stories. This picture shows him standing beside eight Atlantic silver salmon which he caught in the Tobique "River, New Brunswick. Three among them weighed 16, 18 and 20 pounds respectively. When a recipe calls for MILK Use ST. CHARLES Whenever a recipe calls for milk it is a safe rule always to use Borden'sSt. Charles Evap- _ orated Milk. St. Charles is economical, simple to use and definitely imparts an improved flavor to your cook- ing. Only milk thathas been subjected tothe highest tests for purity and richness is good enough for acceptance in the St. Charles plants. Packed underthe mostsani- tary conditions, St. Charles Milk represents the best evaporated milk you can buy--see that you ask for it by name, ST.C.1t "Borden's ST. CHARLES. MILK EVAPORATED UNSWEETENED ajon the raw lignite by briquetting containing | without about 10 to 12. per cent. volatile|parts of Germany this form of matter. 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