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The News VOL. V. NO. 39. Phone Wilmette 1640. ROAD LAW VALID AND FUNDS ILL E AVAILABLE Supreme Court of Illinois Up- holds the Tice Law and the State Aid Funds Will Be Appropriated. PROVE HIGHWAYS Counties end the State Join in Effort to Pull Illinois Out of the Mud--Cities Do Not Benefit. Many motorists ask the question, "Why haven't we as good roads in Illinois as they have in Indiana and in neighboring states?" The reason seems to Ue in the fact that funds have not been available for mainte- nance and repair. The state fond collected for road purposes under the Tice road law has been enjoined, and was not available until the first of July, when the valid- ity ot the act was,upheld^by toe^su^ pre me court in an opinion handed down June-!*; 18T4. The appellant in this case was a taxpayer in Sangamon county, where he filed a bill in chancery in the cir- cuit court to enjoin the auditor, of pubUc accounts from drawing war- rants on funds appropriated out of the state treasury for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of "An act to revise the law in relation to roads and bridges,'* approved June 27, 1913, and also to enjoin the state treasurer from paying any such war- rants. The bill alleged that part of the act referring to what are called "State Aid Roads" is unconstitutional and void. The bill was not sustained in the circuit court for want of equity and was appealed to the supreme court of the state, since the constitu- tionality of the statute was involved. -i"*-' Joint Cost. ? ' ■ The law provides for joint mainte- nance of roads by the counties and the state.r^The bill creates a "State Highway department," the officers of which are the state highway commis- sion. The law provides for a sharing of the cost of bridges and roads between counties and the state, except within village or city limits, where state aid cannot be extended.' The roads to come under this act and receive, aid are to bo designated by the supervisors or board of com- missioners in each county. The total mileage shall not exceed 15 per cent Df the total mileage in a first class county, nor more than 20 in a second class. The Funds. The money to carry on this im- provement is provided for as follows: From such appropriations as the general assembly may from time to time make for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act, there shall be allotted by the state high- way commission each year for each county ah amount that shall bear the same ratio to the total appropriation for that year that the total amount levied in each county for roads and bridges bears to the total amount levied in the state tot-road* and. bridges, as determined from the pub- lished reports of the aud itor of pub- lic accounts from the last year so re ported. Provided, that to counties, in which more than 40 per cent of the total amount appropriated by the gen- eral assembly for building roads is collected, Including any amount col- lected for automobile and kindred licenses, and devoted to road build- ing by such appropriation, there Shall be allotted, under the provisions hereof, an amount equal to twenty-five (25) per cent of the amount so col- lected in such county. The sum so allotted to each county shall be used to defray the cost of constructing state aid- road* when such work is carried on in conformity with the pro- visions of this act. Provided, that the allotment made by the state shall not be used to defray more than one-half tbe cost of any Improvement done un- der the provisions of this act. v The Principal Argument. The principal argument of appellant against the-validity of the act Is that it is local or special, In violation of section 22, of article i^f-the eonstltu- tion. One of the claims upon which this argument is based is, that the act limits the percentage of road mileage that may be selected and authorizes the deslgrmHnn nf nnrtinuUr ja be Improved at the joint expense of the state and county. All other roads, after the maximum, mileage has been designated, are excluded from becom- ing state aid roads, and it Is contend- ed there Is no reasonable basis for the selection of some roads and the exclusion of others. The act author- ises the designation of roads outside the limits of incorporated cities and villages, not exceeding the maximum mileage fixed, to be improved at the joint expense of the state and county. "The highways to be designated by the county boards shall be as nearly as possible those highways connect- ing the principal cities and trading points in each county with each other, and also with the principal cit- ies and trading points in other coun- ties.' be designated the maximum mileage has been reached. When that has been reached, other roads are excluded. The only reference to a classification of coun- ties in the act is in the eleventh sec- tion, which provides that the total road mileage shall not exceed fifteen percentum in counties of the- first class, twenty percentum in counties of the second class, and twenty-five percentum in counties of the third class. This reference to classifica- tion was not for the purpose uf des- ignating what highways might be brought under the provisions of the act, but for the purpose of fixing the mileage that may be designated. The classification of counties by the act of 1901, relating to fees and salaries, Into first, second and third classes has since its enactment been acted upon by every department of the state government as a valid classification, and we would not be justified in say- ing the legislature was not warranted In adopting that classification as a basis for determining the mileage of highways that might be brought un- der the provisions of the act. If the law violates the constitution in the respect above mentioned, it is because under it all highways in a county cannot be made state aid roads. _ It_ is a well known fact that a great ma- jority^ of the travel-In any given ter- ritory is over a comparatively small mileage of the public highways. The federal department of agricul- and we would not be justified in say- careful investigation, that from eighty to ninety per cent of the travel is over from fifteen to twenty per cent of the highways in any given com- munity. The fixing of the per cent of road mileage that might be desig- nated for state aid roads was not ar- bitrary, but was based upon experi- ence and knowledge of the amount of mileage that carries the bulk of the travel over public highways. It is obvious that all the highways in the state could not be Improved un- der the Plan of the act, but it was designed for the improvement, and maintenance of such of the highways; in the counties.'-accepting the provi- sions of the statute, as accommodated the greater part of travel and con- ferred the greatest possible public benefit. The roads are to be desig- nated in the first instance by the board of supervisors, but their selec- tion is required to be submitted to the state highway commission for re- vision and approval. When the se- lection of state aid roads Is finally made and approved by the state high- way commission up to the maximum mileage allowed, then no other coeds WILMETTE, ILLINOIS, THURSDAY, AUGUST 6, 1914. • ^"M I ' 'V----~-------- Room 2, Brown Building. PRicf FIVE a WILMETTE TOURISTS STRANDED IN EUROPE Number of Villagers Caught in the War-Watchfully Expect- ing to Be Brought Home. WUmettthUsBb«eoffolk.ir|io gnated as state aid roads untlfl**6 ■trended in Europe due to the war. No cablegrams have been re- ceived to date asking for assistance. While there is considerable uneasi- ness entertained by friends and rela- tives of those who are abroad, they are reassured by the news that the United States government will see to it that all citizens are brought back In as short time as is possible. Dr. and Mrs. Campbell, 626 Greg- ory street, are supposed to be In Perk_--------~~ Dr. and Mrs. Calvin S. Case of Warwick road, Kenilworth, are in Paris. They sailed from New York on July 18 with Paris as the first stop- ping place. Dr. Cass was going to be In London this month, to speak before the International Association of Dentists. Charles Macklin of Kenilworth was to have sailed from Liverpool last Saturday and is expected home this somlng Saturday. Marjorie Day and Ethel Bruten of Wilmette are in Belgium. They were not. planning to return until in Octo- ber, and changes in their plans are unknown. Isabella and Mary Pope are in Switzerland; they had planned to come home about the middle of Sep- tcssriber.---------- '--- - Misses Louise and Josephine Muol- *er of 1222 Wilmette avenue are in Germany. John A. Rlppel, 841 Oak wood ave- nue, is in Germany. His first plan was to return near the end of Septem- ber. ON AND PAVINC in the county can be made state aid roads. Highways inside the limits of incorporated cities and villages and, no doubt, incorporated towns, are expressly excluded from being brought under the provisions of the act, and only fifteen, twenty and twenty-five per cent of those outside cities and villages, depending upon the class the county is in, can be made state. aid roads. It has been too often decided to now be a sub- ject of legitimate controversy, that It is hot required a law shall operate alike upon every person or locality In the state in order to make It a gen- eral law. It may be a general law and relate only to persons or things in a single place, or in some places and not In others, If there Is any reasonable ba- sie-for- suchrdassificatlon -and reason- able relation between the situation of-the- persons «rj>lacee classified and the purposes and objects to be at- tained. ANOTHER PECULIAR FIRE. In a central Illinois city the other day an automobile owner, thinking that be detected a leak in the gas pipes-of his car, struck a match to locate the leak and only the prompt action of the fire department of that city prevented the entire destruction of the garage and a number of valuable machines. In the past year a number of people have been burned to death in this state while pinioned under over- turned automobiles. In two or three automobile accidents people have ap- proached the, car with lighted lanterns and the leaking gas was Immediately ignited, the car destroyed and the in- jured occupantirburned to death. One should never approach an overturned automobile with a lantern or any other artificial light. Wilmette and Central Aves.Will Present a Boulevard Appear- ance When Completed* -- •-■\ii d ■• -■ •■■. /: ..- . ■'; '...".:.:.■'■ ....'- . -:'.' : .■;-: ■■. "Work' was started earty*,Iast Thurs- day morning on the proposed plan for widening and paving both Wilmette and Central avenues. On March 31 the board of local improvements ordered this work done in spite of the fact- thai the property owners along' these two streets raised a storm of protest. The property owners wished to have the streets resurfaced Instead of paved, but after considering this plan the board decided that Inasmuch as these two streets had to bear the brunt of the heavy traffic of auto trucks and wagons, such a plan was Impracticable and ordered them paved. Foley Construction company of Evanston will do the work. Both streets will be widened ten feet and then paved with vitrified brick--Wil- mette avenue from the Chicago and North Western tracks north to Elev- enth street and Central avenue from the Chicago and North Western tracks east to Eleventh street. The various property owners who have a frontage on these two streets will be assessed to pay for the Improvements and it is estimated that the cost will be about S5 per foot. The village will be forced to pay out of the village funds for about 500 feet frontage, on the two streets. The board of local improvements has also ordered Wil- mette avenue to be paved between Lake avenue and Forest avenue. This work, however, will not be done until later. "THE SEA WOLF." The Village theatre will offer Jack London's "Sea Wolf" next Tuesday afternoon and evening in seven reels. It is considered by men who know to otion picture masterpiece. is a work of art and the direction has been wonderfully skillful and clever from first to last The picture holds one's interest and enthusiasm. - No Increase in Ihe price" been made--ten cents, as usual. ST. VINCENT BENEFIT. The Ladies of Isabella gave a lawn fete last Saturday afternoon and eve- ning for the benefit of tbe fresh air samp for tired mothers and sick ba- bies, maintained at Walnut and Isa- bella streets, Evanston, by the St. Vincent de Paul society. This after- noon the manager of the village the- iter will entertain about twenty-five >f tbe youngsters, as has been his custom since the. camp was organ- ized. T' GEORGE POND IMPROVING. George M. Pond of 730 Elm wood avenue who was injured by a street car in Chicago recently, was token to his home from the hospital on Thurs- day. He is still suffering from the shock and a badly wrenched back and neck. The arm that was operated on Is no« In a cast weighing almost forty pounds. He will be obliged to put up with this discomfort for six or eight weeks longer. TAKE AEROPLANE RIDE. Mr. and Mrs. Spear of 104S Elm Health Measure Finally Gets the Approval of the Village Board and f Mow a Full Fledged Law. COMMISSI HAS HELP This New Bill Will Enable the Com- missioner of Health to Enforce His Suggestions With Fines--Terms Are Reasonable. The village board did one Important piece of buslnessVat their meeting on Tuesday night. They passed the ma- nure box ordinance, which has been hanging fire for the past two meetings. The ordinance provides that every person, firm or corporation using a stable or shed where horses, mules, cattle or swine are kept, shall provide a box or vault with a capacity of twenty-live cubic feet for each animal kept on the premises. Disinfect Often. From the first day of April to the first day of December each year it sball be. the duty of every person hav- ing such a box on his premises to dis- infect it on alternate days, with a so- lution of sulphate o .iron or some oth- er approved soiutioi , The boxes must h constructed of ce- ment or brick and 1 e provided with a tight-fitting metal < Prer. The sise of the box and Ub location on the. prop- el ty must be sent to the commissioner of health. ■':':'* The fine for vtoj&ion of this ordi- nance ranges from five to two hundred dollars tor each offense. The ordi- nance will be in effect at once. Moore Gets Credit. , Dr. Moore has the credit for bring- ing this health measure before tbe vil- lage authorttias. He has worked hard to shape It so that it would be effec- tive." His work' htWtemptWti! to.abate 'the fly nuisanee has been hampered by lack of authority. Now that he has this specially, designed 1914 model ordinance backing him up, Wilmette may be more free of files than it has for some time. ,<_.' _,.~^ Routine business of passing tbe reg- ular bills occupied the council for a few* minutes after this ordinance was disposed of. No regular vacation is in sight for the village authorities and the next meeting will be held In two weeks as usual. t WEST SIDERS CAN TAKE A DIP -_- Pool in Park Recently Com- pleted and Children Take to Water Like Ducks. The West Side Civic association has recently completed a bathing pool for children In the west aide park. The pool, which is of concrete, is semicir- cular In form and has a depth of about eighteen Inches. Mr. Casper, who has charge of the park, changes tbe water as often as, in his opinion, Is necessary, about three times a week. Immediately adjoining the pool is a small shelter.house which is supplied with a drinking fountain and plenty of benches. . The citizens of the went aide have a right to be proud of this-park. The grass and shrubbery are kept in per- fect condition and no pains have been spa places of the village guests of friends on the south side of admission has yntrngnr ttaw^ip In Roy^KnabenH ther %IH continue to stay open until _«___._____«.•-.- _» wkii. nt**r " ----- lilovan n'plfwW RatiirdSY nicht. w" GOING TWENTY-NINE. Mr. Charles Healy of Lyon & Mealy, Chicago, was arrested in Wil- mette last Friday for driving at a rate of 29 miles per hour along Lake street He was on his way for a ten days' va- cation at Lake Geneva and promised to settle. the fine when ha returned next Monday. Six other speeders have been nabbed during the week by Of- ficer Schaefer. wood avenue had the novel experience of taking an eighteen-mile ride in an aeroplane last Thursday. They-were whops te Evanston are kept closed, the NO MOHE SUNDAY SHAVES. Beginning Sunday. August 9, the barber shops in Wilmette will be closed all day. Heretofore, the shops have kept open until noon so as to ac- commodate the men who were too busy, too tired or too something else that date on throughout the entire year or at least as long as the barber shops here will do likewise, although sbue's machine at White City. eleven o'clock Saturday night. Summer Sports at New Trier High ====== ■ »r---------i Q. F. THOMSON From early morning till late at night the New Trier swimming tank is alive with children from along the north shore who are learning to swim, who can swim, and those who Just love to paddle around In the water for the sake or getting wet and keeping cool. When I went up to New Trier the other afternoon to have a took at the plant, at the invitation of Direc- tor Hyatt, I had no idea of all the splendid things which are at the dis- posal of the children in the township in the way of athletic training and de- velopment. After several inquiries, I located the director end his assistant, Mr. Talbot, playing golf with a young lad by the name of Coleman Clay of Winnetka on the New Trier three hole course. They seemed to be having just as good a time as if they were on St. Andrew's itself and under the circumstances and conditions were playing'a good game. A Three Hols Course. Lack of ground necessitates confin- ing the course to three holes, but Mr. Hyatt says they play from all angles and really get the same distance after playing the holes .three times each, aa they would on a small nine hole course. " -. .'• The holes consist of flower pots, sunk In the earth, and while they are larger than the regulation cup, th« additional sise is necessary, since there are no regular greens, A golf tourney among the younger chaps Is In progress on this course and the young Winnetka boy. Clay. Is said to be the runner-up. Clay In addition to being a golfer plays a heady game of tennis and Mr. Hyatt said that he had Just been trimmed by him, before' I came up. I also understand this ath- letic phenomenon is leading the card In the croquet tournament and in ad- dition is a first class scout in the Win- netka troop, . . ; i W After an Inspection of the excellent tennis court, the athletic field and the croquet grounds, Mr. Hyatt took me Into the swimming tank. The place was alive, with girls, ranging in age from ten to fifteen. Miss Leonard, a University of Illinois girl, was in- structing some of them in the crawl stroke and others were practicing div- ing. Mr. Hyatt said he formerly had all the swimming classes on his hands, hut the registration grew to such proportions that he had to have help, bo Miss Leonard is relieving him of the girls' classes. About four hun- dred children are in the tank each day. The classes commence at eight o'clock and run until noon. They start again at two o'clock and go on until five. Thursday night is family night, when the personnel of the tank Is mixed. The children have great fun "showing off" before their parents Mr. Hyatt put on his swimming suit and Jumped into the tank to show me a few fancy stunts. His exhibition in- cluded all kinds of diving, swimming under water, and demonstrations of the back stroke, crawl, breast and oth- er varieties, which he seemed to -know to perfection. Pupils Imitate Director. The girls In the tank tried to do some of his diving stunts and had a lot of fun and did no little' amount of "squealing" while they were trying. The water in the tank looked Inviting and I think I should have accepted an invitation to jump in and try it, had I had more time at my disposal. Mr. Hyatt says that he is getting a bicycle team ready to take part in the children's carnival at Ravlnia on Au- gust 13. Borne of the children Wilt also "drew up" in grotesque costumes. Mr. Hyatt and Mr. Talbot are going to do some riding on the old fashioned high-wheeled bicycles. New Trier has athletic equipment that would do honor to almost any small college. Championship teams in all sports should be the rule and not the exception at this splendid school. I". J I I i ." i ' " .as PURPLE TRACK TEAM Northwestern Is leaving no stone unturned to gain supremacy In ath leticB. felmer McDeyltt. famous foot ball player, has bean engaged to coach the Purple football Una. yWas .TgiUia" McGill of Illinois has s^eu a^OOO- tract as trainer. Director of Athletics Lewis Omar of Northwestern university Is optimis- tic over- the prospects for * track team of championship caliber next year. The 'coach has only lost two men by graduation, Kraft and Bab- bitt, and still has eight of his* *NM men of last year's team on deck. They are' Maurice James. Walter Warrick, Cyril Smith, Dean Trailer. Harry Iletchkin. Thayer,. StliaWitlst^wad "Gravy" Osbdrn. In addition to these first water men, four of the squad of last year have shown such promise since school has been out that Coach Omer rank- them among the point winners. These men are Folse, Nichols, Gannon and Maury. The freshman track team last year was the best, one ever produced at Northwestern. Outside competition Is hot allowed, but practice meets with the 'varsity are permissible. In one of these meets, held on the out- door track last May, the freshmen were defeated by a narrow margin of only five points. lam* Heavy 8cor«rs. Some of the youthful track men who are going to register heavily on the score board for Northwestern are Crays. a high Jump man, who won first place in the Rlverview meet last week; James, a brother of tee 'var- sity nigh Jumper, and a man who can do five feet eight' Inches BOW. Mc- Laln Is a pole vaulter, who does twelve feet consistently. Ottenhelmer placed 1 n the open flfty yard dash at the Sportsman's show In Chicago test Winter. Blnko is a mHer, who In his high school days held to* tntsrsebol- lp of Montana. Mills i a fine two-mller. Williams, well mown here from his records in Ev- anston academy, is the best all- around athlete of the freshman aggre- gation. He to a fast quarter mlier, a good low hurdler and a sprinter. Hanna to a good mller and can beat ;iuko about half the time. Helss has uctured the Northwestern record for he hammer throw until there Isn't much left of it. His distances; how- ever, do not bold officially until he is a member of the 'varsity team. Ward Scott Is a tea-seconds sprinter, and a 22 feet 6 Inch broad jumper. Andy Rogers is a miter. He has made as good ttme at 4 minutes 28 seconds In this distance In eastern meets, but he Is in a way » "haa been" end is trying very hard to come 1 8chneberger of ft**fiB .. done 136 feet with the hammer this ter then 11 feet Maurice James will high jump ate feet neat year <ritfc ney. Osborn. who will be re- elected csptaln. is spending the sum- will be able to tuck away Ante in the mile and quarter mile with regularity. Vto_Jb$th^ feelB good over the prospects and ex* sects to/ have a good team. He says the line will be light, but that this will he overcome th other depart ments. He Would not commit himself to too'many statements, for he says that he doesn't know just how the materiel which he has in prospect to going to turn out. Robinson will have a good swim- ming team. Irving Wood, captain of last year's squad, remains as the lesder. Slmonsen, one of the best swimmers produced at the academy Isat year,-says that he will enter Northwestern. Simonsen took second in the Milwaukee marathon swim test Saturday. He will not be eligible for 'varsity competition this year if he comes to North western. TO HOLD HORTICULTURE SHOW Emulate Example Set by lake Forest in Displaying Vege- tables and Flowers. Thelinks. Shore^HortieulturaL-ao. cieLj will *ive U» first snnual horti- cultural show, beginning at 10 o'clock this morning and lasting until 10 o'clock tonight, in the Winnetka Com- munity house. Winnetka is the first of the north shore towns to follow the lead of Lake Forest, which ha* had its annual horticultural show for several years. There Is a Ion* and carefully pre- pared list of new rules for the new organisation, and chief among them is the one that requires all exhibits shown In competition to have been grown by the exhibitor for at least sixty days preceding the exhibition. There; are a number of special prises, among which is a silver cup offered by Mrs. Thomas C. Oennehy for the best collection of asters, and Mrs. H. P. Crowell offers a gold coin of $10 for the. one winning most prises at the exhibit A number of Lake Foresters are entering the contest, and vegetables, flowers, fruits,.and plants will be listed. Mrs. Cyrus MeCor- mlck Is among the early entries from Lake Forest Mrs. Hermon Butter is among the most active members of the new asso- ciation, and those assisting her In- clude Mrs. A. 8. Peabody. Mrs. W. O. Hibbard Jr.. Mrs. James L. Houghtel- Mrs. H. P. tec Mrs. ft H. Webster Cfow-ll, MWL Oatrge Klggteeea Jr. Mrs. Frederick Greeley. Mrs. R. J r Dunham. Mrs. J. W. Scott Mrs.TTC. jSKSserd e^KtS^HhiDoanohy, P^^Jj-f^St^^^A beach, wttl bTutter than ever and delph Mate and Mrs. F. RmWPh. IS FAVORABLE 10 LEASING BILL! Thinks Public Lands and Re- sources Would Be Better Developed Under Fed- era! Control. COLORADO MAN OBJECTS Representative Taylor From That State Files a Minority Report Stating Objections on the Grounds of State Rights. By Charles M. Thomson. One of the conservation bills which has been reported to the house by the committee on public lands concerns the development of the coal, ?fl. gaaj. phosphate, potassium and sodium de- posits contained in our public lands. Except as to coal, the bill applies to Alaska ss well as continental United States. As in the case of the Alaska coal leasing bill, this bill Is based on a system of leases, and In general it follows the terms of that bill, to which I have referred in another letter. It seems to me to be wise "to pro- vide for the development of oar net* ursl resources by means of a leasing system. It certainly should not be our policy to limit operations In coal, oil, gas and the Other things men- toned above, on the public lands, to those who have money enough to make the huge investments that are necessary if the fields of operation must be owned in fee. System Opposed. This system of leasing the public ih to develop, is bitterly op- representatives these lands (Mr. Taylor. IWliOniy lip leasing bUL riches those Ithln tee Urn* property of But these the western of the na- to the peo* tbe pub- ?le of all the paragraph minority re- crux of lvcs rlor says: bill is in vio- and consti- states; euabling act itted into the ling tends to those whs the natural rea posed by some < of those state*, are located. One of Colorado) has 1 port on this gal These gentlemen- public lands and I tends contain, It its of their states^ the people of the are not the rea states, but the tlon. They do pie of the states. lie lands, but to I states. The quoted from Mr. port on this .h'll tee argument of t from the west. Mr,*- In my judgment! latton of the moral, | tutlonal righto of in contravention by which they wer*Union, and to that extent are uncon- stitutional. I look upon this bill aa absolutely taking frcMfi the people of the arid west some Of the most sa- cred property and political rights they have, not only reversing the traditions of this government for over a hun- dred years, but violating the very con* stltutlonal guarantees upon which those ststes were admitted Into this. Union." This argument Is utterly annihilated by the mere reading of the enabling act by which^ir.-Taylor's own state, Colorado (and the same thing applies to all the public land states), was ad- mitted into the Union. That act laid down as a condition precedent to the admission of the state Into the Union the adoption of a resolution by the constitutional convention of the state providing "that the peopi* inhabiting said territory do agree and declare that they forever disclaim all right snd title to the unappropriated public lands lying within said territory, and that tho same shall bs and remain at the sole and entire disposition of the United States." TJft. Colorado con- stitutional conventjMdid adopt such a resolution, an£|h these terms (among others) csWe* into the Union. Within Rights. Therefore, if congress chooses to lease the public land resources located In these western states, it eertetery Is wholly within Its legal and conett- tutional rights, sad is not violating any right of any of the so called pub- lic land states or of their people, so doing, congress will be exercising no right which Is "in violation of the moral, legal and constitutioa* rights" of these states, as contended by Mr. Taylor, but a right that cos grass expressly retained as a eossl tlon precedent to their srtsMsskm a the Union, and to which tee peopi of those states have expressly < ■paulHtallj ■gieed It seems to ma that taw terms el these leasing bills safeguard the 1 tercets of the public In the great n n they have to do» (Continued o* PegV SJ