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1 ' 4 * • * ' : %•- *• • J* W4ft; ^ > T i J Humane Education of Boys and Giria---the Future Citizens of the State MARTHA I* POWELL, Veteran Omaha Public School Prlactifl)|» ' ' Alexander was accustomed to say, "Philip of 'Ifa&don gave me life, bat it was Aristotle who taught me how to make the most of life.* A wm tribute to a great teacher. The humane education of the millions of boys and girls who are to be the future citizens of the state is a vitally important work for us, the teachers of youth. Our power and responsibility are great. If we are to give to the state boys and girls who are to become men aiid woinen of broader sympathies, of stronger principles of justice, of keener appreciation of good citizen- ^1 ship, we must, unless we lose the golden opportunity, instil into every Johild, through his contact with, the animal world, the principles of juetiog, f * Jaercy and love- Nothing good is impossible. Only as our visions fail do our efforts' n. tn the animal world there is a wonderful harmony between the creatures and the circumstances and conditions amid which they are placed. ^iThe same law rules in the province of human life. » Every teacher knows the value of applied instruction. What more Interesting text to teach children that animals have rights to be respected, kliat kindness is a wonderful promoter of happiness, than this harmony between creature and circumstance and condition ? Children's sympathies are easily aroused. Their willingness to do acts of benevolence and constructive good is as great as their seeming desire, to be destructive, if only they are shown the way. . ^ , I ......,1 With children, it is.•• easy to do, as to know what were good to be. jX ? »jdone. The great problem is to give them the right thing to do. Such "delight & theirs to be the bearers of the Thanksgiving and Christmas ibaskets to the needy; what pleasure it gives them to care for the lame boy who is to be carried up and down the school steps, four timet* a day; what ijjoy they find in being responsible for the supply of fresh water for the •ss.irv: *$animals in a certain part of the block. It is action they want. It is action f/-> *s A* 1 Pickett's Charge b Repeated by the United Stntes marines recently re-enacted the Battle of Gettysburg, but under modern conditions and by modern methods. Pickett's charge, as they-made It, Is here shown, the photograph being taken at the "Bloody Angle." At the riglit is Men Senator Pepper" of Pennsylvania preaching to the marines on Sunday on the battlefield. . ^ they will have To render service to the beasts is to appreciate the service * rendered by them. . " , ' . Service wall bring a reaction which will result in more gentleness, * * £ i-* fv I®88 selfishness, less cruelty and more peace. Let us teach our boys and girls 'V' 'tf 1 *. that justioe, mercy and love which shall enable them tomake the most of life. 5g5g5Z5Z5251S2SZ5Z5H5iB5Z5H5H5Z555Z5Z5g5H5H5H5E5SSZ5Z5g5S5Z5H52525E5B52 Is the Roads That Have Brought Prosperity " to This Wisconsin County - -- : 2 • ?; i; / l . ^ - •( *** oar ***** asset here in Forest ( we could expect little or nothing in the way of advancement up here. , It is the roads that have brought every bit of prosperity to this country. 4 ^ They have opened it, not only to the thousands of irammer vacation- ^ista who return year after year with money to spend and improvements to make, but also to the steady, reliable settlers who are clearing the land, By 7.3. SOGERS, Highway Commissioner, Forest COL, Wis. f Without them I producing bigger crops each season, building up the towns and industries, Concrete Range Varies From Art Windows H Swimming Pool fOf ? « Hippopotamus. ^ DASH OF ROMANCE IN STORY Portland Cement Has Been In Use Nearly, Hundred Year*--Development of Uses in Year* Remarkable^ and advancing the value of every foot of ground. ^ ;r They have also brought in almost unlimited financial resources from &feif -* ', . \ ' ' the wealthy sportsmen who have established summer homes t1^ ' " These sporta- »*'.y ;• men have taken a direct interest in the country, and it is their money, ^^ S loaned in every worthy project, that makes our growth possible. Our . >4 farmers, new and old, no longer find trouble in financing any of their operations. More than $100,000 is being spent on new road work in the county ^ fhis year, devoted, il^gely to improvement of those branching fiym |hs wiahiriwsm ;V' \ ^ .. • "'/.If $ SZ55SgSaSZ5g525g5Z52Sg525gSSBSa5Z5Z5H5ZSH5a5g5E5a5EggSH5H5g5a5a525g5g Modem Girl Has No Heart, No Soul--£be Has She Will Not Admit It - I J|jr FRANK X. LEYENDECKER, American Illustrator. 5 ?(*•*. The modern girl has no heart, no soul, no sentiment*--if she has she refuses to admit it. You do not dare to talk to the flapper of classics nor of other serious things, for she simply will make no attempt to absorb them. She is idle, frivolous and heedless of tomorrow. However, I will admit that she is charming and often irresistible. N She looks so young, but knows so much--much that she could do well not to know. She assumes no responsibility. She 6eeks nothing but amusement. When a boy reaches the flapper age he usually has some obligation to fulfill. He gets a job, or else he is branded as a loafer. The girl, however, spends her time reading frothy literature and smoking. In my opinion the only hope of the nation rests upon the working gill. She has more originality and individuality than the flapper, who looks to me as if she were made from a die. Each working girl has her particular style in clothes ^nd coifiyre,, Bjofc the flapper 1 Howr cp |«i tell one from another fv, • 5Z5HSg55SZ555ES2S55HSgSH5H52S<!l5ei5S555ZSZ5H5HSH5Z555£Sr55ig5g5g5H555H535g , 5. Study of Geography in the Schools More Important Than Ever Before iiM felv*,. m Bf R. M. BROWN, Rhode Island College of Education. The study of geography in the schools is more important today than WWr before, and the' present demands made upon the knowledge which pupils should gain in the geography class are more pressing than ever before. t A large number of American youths are entering into some business i&Sch deals with the other parts of the earth or other parts of our own land. Great corporations, banks and busfness houses are expanding their lines to include foreign trade. Certain banks have found it necessary to establish their own classes in geography so that their employees may have fit adequate training in the fundamentals of this science. V The pre-war consular reports of the government spoke of the ign# Mace which American business firms displayed toward their foreign trade. This indifference, if not ignorance, of the American exporter toward the physical conditions of other lands probably accounts in part for the loss of foreign markets. The study of regional geography as now conceived will rectify the situation. Washington.--There Is a dash of romance and a fairy story theme In the commonplace chug and rattle of the concrete mixer. Every one Is conversant with the ordinary uses of Portland cement. Perhaps some first 'impressions of this material date back to the delights of coasting on a bicycle over the even surface of a cement sidewalk --back In the days when cement sidewalks were considered more or less of a luxury. Perhaps it was a cellar floor, or a foundation, or the sight of workmen mixing cement mortar. Years ago cement was an established member of the construction family, but the development of Its uses during the last few year*- has been so varied and remarkable that It Is doubtful if the average citizen has even the remotest idea of It. The historical incident which brought about the need for Portland cement was the construction of the Eddystone lighthouse In the English channel In 1756 by an engineer named John Smeaton, who while looking for a mortar for this purpose discovered that an Impure limestone containing a certain amount of clayey matter contained hydraulic properties when calcined or roasted. Natural Cement Restricted. The cement used by Smeaton marked the beginning of modern cement- making practice, but the early cements were different from the Portland cement of today, for natural cements depend on nature to prepare their material and are consequently restricted to the rocks having the proper proportions of materlnls In their makeup and any variation in the composition cannot be regulated. Smeaton'B discovery apparently stimulated Interest In the Industry. About 1796 James Parker of North- Beet, England, patented a process for manufacturing cement by turnlns Impure limestone almost to vitrification In ordinary lime kilns, and grinding the resulting clinker to powder. He gave this material the name of Roman cement. In France there had been experimentation along similar lines. The first recorded manufacture of this product In the United States was tn 1819 In Madison county, New York, for the Erie canal project. Its use was developed by Benjamin Wright and Canvass White. All of the above cements may be classed as natural cement because they were prepared by burning a natural rock without previous preparation, and by grinding Oie burned product to a fine powder. Almost a Century Old. Almost 100 years ago, in 1824,' a Hrick-layer of England, Joseph Aspdln, took out a patent for what he called Portland cement. He gave it this Same because when hardened It resembled the famous stone found on the Isle of Portland off the coast of England. Aspdln's patent specified that definite amounts of day and limestone be used, and described the process of amalgamating and clarify- In? these two materials In the manufacture of the product. This constitutes the distinction between natural and Portland cements. Few attempts were made to produce Portland cement in the United States until about 1870. During the 70*s, however, plants were operated at several points, including Wampnm and Cop^ lay. Pa.; Kalamazoo, Mich., South Bend, Ind., and Rockport, Me. Industry Qrows Rapidly. The remarkable growth of the Industry, and the consequent development' of new uses for the material is best shown by the annual output fig- HEADING OFF RAfelfcS ures. In 1880 production of Portland cement In the United States was only •42,000 barrels: In 1890 It was 835,000 ;^barrels; In -1900, 8,482,020 barrels; In 1910, 76,549,951 barrels and In 1820, 100,302,000 barrels. One hundred million barrels of cement-- the 1920 output--would be sufficient to build nine transcontinental highways, eight inches thick and eighteen feet wide from New York to San Francisco. Or it would build 1,000,000 six-room concrete houses with a porch |and sidewalk thrown in. Or It would IbuHd twenty-three and one-half great pyramids like those of Egypt. Or it would build a sidewalk five feet wide and four inches thick that would reach from Washington to the moon--a distance of 243,000 miles. The quantity of the output is shown by the fact that In 1921 the Industry required nearly 8,000,000 tons of coal. The amount of coal burned in manufacturing a barreL of cement varies from 150 to 200 pounds, so that when purchasing a sack of cement the consumer- is paying for nearly fifty pounds of coal. Almost any one whe builds nowadays uses concrete In some form or other. Concrete piles are the foundations of thousands of our large office buildings and the same material goes into the skeleton and framework. Iu bungalow or skyscraper, concrete Is as common to the contractor as flour is to the baker. During the last ten years Portland cement has revolutionized the paving Industry. Thousands of miles of concrete roads have been built and every year sees an Increasing number contracted for. Last year almost 6,000 miles of 18-foot concrete highway were constructed in this country. City streets are paved with concrete, alleys are paved with the same material, curbs and gutters, sidewalks, fence posts, ornamental lighting standards, park benches, statuary, swimming pools--Into every sort of civic improvement cement enters in some way or other. Portland cement has accomplished wonders for the farmer. The same kind of cement that paves his roads, and gives him access to his markets is used in constructing his house and barns. It is used for silos and water troughs, replacing the old wood structures. Hogs are given concrete feeding floors so that no feed is lost in the mud. Concrete smoke houses care for the meat and concrete Ice houses hold the winter crop of Ice. Concrete corn cribs save corn from rats and mice and concrete well platforms and hitching posts are thrown In for good measure. The railroads turn to Portland cement for a myriad of uses. Bridges, abutments, trestles, retaining walls, grade crossings, platforms, station Housewife SaV«HM(MiYMe and FudjnCook^E«f^!x CDmatfc • >j FOODS BECOME mora TE«B Chain Tough Cuti of Meats or Dried lieans May Be Prepared Relatively Short Time-- Flavors Retained. • -fc H KPnpmM by the U*lt«d Ititti XHpwtSMBt Of Agriculture.) - . - . In canning meats, chicken, fish, game and vegetable mixtures, especially In hot and humid climates, the (treasure cooker is usually recommended for reliable processing. There are -f also many dishes which may be prepared for ,tbe table In the steam pressure cooker, the United States Department-of Agriculture suggests. Most foods cooked in steam at temperatures above 212 degrees Fahrenheit become tender much more rapidly than in the ordinary way of cooking. Cheap, tough cuts of meat or dried beans and peas consequently may be prepared in a relatively short time in the steam pressure cooker, since at 5 pounds pressure the temperature' of the boiling water and steam within the cooker «3 228 degrees Fahrenheit; at 10 pouuds pressure it is 240 degrees Fahrenheit; at 15 pounds it is 250 degrees Fahrenheit, and at 20 pounds it. is 259 degrees Fahrenheit. Preserves Flavor. Time and fuel are often saved by using the pressure cooker. Food value also may be saved in some instances; for it is often the case, that only a small. amount of water is neoSmary, Recently at David A. Wark's Haselhead kennels, Closter, N. J., the Englewood Kennel club, under sanction of the board of health of that town, opened the first dog clinic of Its kind ever projected. An ordinance Just passed by the Englewood city council provides that dogs may run the streets unmuzzled If they are Inoculated with canine rabies vaccine. Dogs so treated are immune from the rabies for one year. The illustration shows a great done receiving the injection. houses, culverts--wherever there Is construction there is a use for cement. Uses Widely Varied. Coal dealers store coal in concrete pockets or bury it in concrete pits. Huge stadiums for football or baseball games are constructed of concrete. In Boston a concrete swimming pool for a baby hippopotamus is being constructed in Franklin park, while in St. Louis concrete is being used in making rock dens for the bears In the zoo. In Saganoseki, Japan, an American engineering firm has erected the tallest concrete ' chimney in the world. Big ships of concrete have long since ceased to be a novelty. Stone boats that float and carry heavy cargoes from port to port--it is enough to make the dreamer of Arabian Nights turn over In his sarcophagus--and incidentally they are making first class sarcophagi out of concrete these days. The same sack of cement that is used for making an art window or a transom could equally well be used for the construction of a manhole or a manger, an incinerator or a piece of concrete drainage pipe, a flume o^ a front porch, a trolley pole or a cistern, a mine shaft or a safety Island at a street crossing, a shingle or a standpipe, a statue or a subway, a tank or a tennis court, for tree surgery or water trough, laundry tub or dipping vat, bank vault or lawn roller. 4. *"1 •'.*>, - it It -Will Be as Delicious ** •_ r^am or Baeen ^ Bureau of '•a•*, ,. ^ •* ** %• '• s " Animal Industry Recofc '.$K mends That Meat Be Thoroughly Cooled, but Never Frosea Two Successful Methods. THv! ' " _____ • \ , * (Prepared by the United States Dep*rtra«kt . of Agriculture.) The average farmer seldom thinks Of?« v curing mutton as he thinks of curinf pork for future use but, sayg the United States Department of Agriculture, It is possible to cure and smoke mutton thdt will be as delicious as any ham or bacon. The practice, says the department, should result In increasing the consumption of thte meat which at the present time is only 8.9 per cent of the total meat used In the United \ States. One reason that the average family tires of uiutton and develops a prejudice against it is that when a sheep la killed It has been the liabit to eat all the meat while fresh. Naturally, & diet of fresh lamb or mutton to the exclusion of other meats for maSf. days is apt to cloy the appetite^ As a result of the experimental work done by the bureau of animal indus» try, the following recommendation# are made for curing mutton: Cool the; iheat thoroughly but never freeze It, either before or during curing. Begin the curing process from 24 to 36 hour* after killing. Because of high shrinkage in curing, only large pieces, such 48 legs and shoulders, are suitable for this use. A brine formula may be used, but dry-cured meat requires less work and keeps better. Both methods are successful, If the work is carried out properly. In making the dry cure, for each 100 pounds of meat use seven pounds of salt, three pounds of sugar or sirup, two ounces saltpeter, two ounces red pepper and three ounces black pepper. The meat, after these Ingredients thoroughly mixed have been applied, should be packed away In a box or on a table. A day and a half for each pound of the average weight of the pieces is the right time to leave the meat in cure. When that period has elapsed, hang the pieces Ilia the smokehouse and smoke. * . {% M H '.: if GOOD PRESERVE FOR Easy to Keep This Luncheon 0- former Governor of Uliaois.--Pnrebired cattle 1*ve reached the lowest price at which they will be sold for many years Therefore, now is the time for fanners to get rid of their scrub cattle, particularly bulls, and buy purebreds. 5 . . »I.i * >>«' ' y t1 ' President W. H. P. Faunce of ferown%mverai^ • " MM**. Luncheon served on a deep counter of solid snow was one of the unique features of the celebration for the seven hundred bankers who visited Para' diae Inn, Rainier National park, Waahlngton, on their way to the anneal convention of the American Institute of Bankers in Portland, Ore. PAIR LIVE WITHOUT FOOD 20 DAYS ty.--Good manners fifty yeara ago largely consisted in skillful concealments--of feelings, Motives and the entire self. . JJ. TM Gwaltnsy, Editor Alabama |war about are not to be located in history. Canadian Polio* Find Them Loot In rMountaine--Tafee to Safety. ' .< Prince Rupert, B. C.--Lost in the mountains, Peter Stafford and his wife were found recently in the last stages of starvation by two constables on the Kaye river, 32 miles from Skeena !| mills. The couple had not eaten real ISeed for 30 days, tbe only thing that kept them alive being soup made by boiling strips of an old beaver skin. Stafford and his wife were discovered In a small tent, pitched under a big tree. They were left with friends, with enough food to last six weeks and a store of medicine. * --1 rrlrriTiiHimiili w rite »lnt»tow Short Hair Scorned, 8he Trie# Suielde. New York.--Because her husband reproved her for ifcaving^ her hair art »id' hiiM bobbed, Mrs. Tlllle Livingston attempted suicide by inhaling gas in her home Her condition Is not serious. She had her hair bobbed despite her husband's objections ,and a family quarrel lowed, die told the police. Aged Man Pitches flay. - Waynesourg, Pa.--Fred Steel, aged eighty-one years, of Graysville, veteran of the Civil war, spent one week in the harvest field, and despite his years is still able to pitch two stacks of hay in a day. A Large Type of Steam Preaiw* Cooker In Common Use. and the extractives from meats or vegetables can easily be kept and utilized. Some flavors are better retained In the tightly closed cooker. It Is a good Idea when planning to use the pressure cooker for preparing a meal, to put as many articles as possible Into the cooker at once. The meat will usually require the longest time. The vegetables should be put In about 15 minutes before the meat is expected to be ready to serve. Some experience Is necessary to enable the housewife to judge the length of time for any given dish. Stewed and boiled meat% which ,fre cooked in the pressure cocker often have a richer flavor than those cooked over the stove. The problems of /looking meat In the pressure cooker are those incident to finding the proper length of time for which a piece of meat of given size, shape and toughness needs to be cooked. The rate at which the heat penetrates to the center of the piece of meat and the amount of heat necessary to soften the conuective tissues must be considered. • It is easier to coo* meat In the pressure cooker if the meat Is cut Into rather small pieces, than if it be in one large piece. Heat can then be applied fbr a shorter time with lees danger of rendering the outer parts of the meat tough, hard or dry. Processing at 10 to 15 pounds pressure Is usually necessary when tough meat Is In a thick, compact mass. When the meat Is cut Into pieces It is not timed by the pound but by Its toughness. The usual ru\e Is to process 80 to 50 minutes. Chicken and rabbit, disjointed, and prepared tn the pressure cooker, are excellent. How to Cook a Pudding. Steamed puddings made of batter or dough may be cooked in the pressure cooker, but it is better to divide the pudding Into small portions or Individual molds. This allows a more rapid heat penetration, quicker expansion, and reduces the time of cook lng. It may be advisable,'also, during the first part of the cooking period, to keep the petcock wide open, and even to prop the cover up so that It fits loosely, In order that the rate of cooking shall not be too rapid. When the pudding has risen well the lid may be clamped down and the pressure brought slowly to 15 pounds for 10 or 15 minutes. Before attempting to remove the lid of the cooker be sure that the pointer of the dial Is at zero. If the petcock Is opened to relieve the pressure, care should be taken to open it little by little to avoid burning the operator. Take Paine in Cooking. Qa&e particular pains in cooking said salting the lower-priced breakfast cereals, says the United States Department of Agriculture. The same rule applies to such foods as hominy, boiled rice, or macaroni, commonly aerved witb meat or other protein food at luncheon, dinner or supper. Use for Silk Cord. Mirrors and pictures date hung with a heavy tassel instead of .the old tore cord. Children Will Like Dried Aprieete |pr. Their Lunches--Novelty for { Sunday Supper. If The United States Department of Agriculture has tested and approve* the following recipe for a good winter preserve. The children will like 1| for their school lunches, and to many persons It will prove a novelty tor. Sunday night supper. Spak one pound chopped dried apricots over night. Drain the juice front two No. 3 cans of pineapple and cut In small pieces. Add one-half the weight of pineapple in sugar and cook 20 minutes. Drain and add the apricots with one-half pound sugar and cook ten minutes longer. Turn Into sterilized jelly glasses and cover. ThJa preserve requires careful watd»lng:'t»,' prevent Bcorching. HOME CONVENIENCES One way to get labor-saving devices for the home is to devote all proceeds from poultry grown from one setting of eggs to buying home conveniences, suggests an extension worker, "Who put this idea into practice in Linn county, Mo. Any woman could follow this plan Independently, but In Linn county seven , communities organized and 104 women pledged themselves to buy conveniences with all they made frorp the chicks raised and sold after setting one hen. In addition to the 722 chickens, which brought $735.20 cash, a number of premiums were offered by business men, ranging all the way from a paring knife to a pressure cooker, for those who made the best records from their single sitting. Several communities who have heard of this plan have aakM to come in another year. •8; a: 'W SI $ 1 HOUSEWIFE If looked too tons, oysters lose their flavor. • * • • ' .v»-V^ French chalk ta excellent for eteai^l' lng white felt hata. i • • • • Rubber fingers are excellent to w*!? when slicing vegetables. , ^ J • • • Wood lashes will remove flower p# stains fqpin window sills. • • • > Rings l>f ripe olives are decorative < and tastj in chicken soup. ' * • * perfect food for the yoeng Die for old folks. * • * pple placed in the bread box forth just enough molsturf tp bread and cake freslL 1 • • • kovelty, try stuffing tomatfcMk rs with nets, raisins and nbs. Fact • • • Tniki^-tlcallv every restaurant, tea --" el or cafeteria, cheeee and thee are tllur. • • • ' knife handles are rubbed loth dampened in alcohol weeks the ivory will keep iorlng. W<- pv^stv • • , - - * • , knife has been need toiiik \e It with a damp cloth and Wy with coarse salt. The !e odor will then entirely