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ttMmm ffiltc 3TLT||tnrt} |IaindeaIfr. J. VJ^N SLYKE, PUBLISHEB. iicHENBY, - - ILLINOia AGRICULTURAL AND DOMESTIC. The Cherry Tree. When Summer breathes o'er budding leaves, And woos tbe flowers to life and light, And grassy legions throng the roads, And linnets sing from morn till night, Each jocund month reveais to me New beauties in the Cherry tree. ^Kaint rings, and moss, and snowy flakes, And arms aglow with crimson gems; I almost deem it has a soul That trembles through its dainty sterna; For oft it shakes as if with glee, Thai gnariea and cabalistic tree. There's not a robiu, blithe and brown, Or lark that wings the upper air, But knowsNts^boughs as well as I, And sings his quaintest carol there, I ween they've spread o'er land and tea The glory of the Cherry tree. Well knows the plowbov, tireless elf, The branches wherd the jewels cling, Aad ere he milks the dreamy herd He soars and banquets like a king. To boy and bird alike 'tis free, Under that old, familiar tree. When Phoebus sinks beneath the wave, And lillies hang their saintly heads, While roses weep beside the gate, And robins sleep in lofty beds, The lover bend* with reverent knee Under that old, familiar tree, fervid vows that friendship pours, Beneath his green and Hhe.'tering cope, When moonlight tips his happwleavea, Are ever marred or madly bnJke.- Oh, never faithless tryst could be Under the staunch old Cherry tree. When autumn comes, with haggard eyes, And rebel winds assail his crown, And all his kingly oreast is bare, - And leaves like tears come trembling dowiif Still fanttr's pensive eye doth see A martj* in the Cherry tree. Around the Farm. A CORRESPONDENT of the Louisville Courier Journal gives it as his opinion that the chufa will work a revolution in hog raising in the South. AN automatic scarecrow is now offered for sale in England. It is run by clock­ work, and is so arranged as to fire a gun at any desired time, or regularly at inter­ vals. Its construction is said to be very simple. EXPERIMENTS recently made in Eng­ land indicate that wagons are most easily drawn, on all kinds of roads, when the fore and hind wheels are the same size and the pole lies lower thjm the axle.-- Mural World. A COMPANY has been formed here to manufacture sugar from melons, it be­ ing held that there is more saccharine matter in them than in beets, and that the establishment of the factory will fur­ nish a market for the many hundred tons of that class of produce that are usually left to rot in the fields aftet the market becomes glutted.--Sacramento Record. IN feeding oxen, it must be remem­ bered that they are ruminating animals, and needto be fed differently from iior&es. Having a large stomach, an ox needs coarse food to fill it. An ox,there­ fore, is not refreshed by a feed of fine meal; but is by one of cut hay, or straw and meal mixed, and the noon feed for oxen should be of this kind. Give ample time for feeding and rest at the noon spell. THERE are thousands of rocky, worth­ less knolls in New England that might become good property if their owners would plant them to maple, beech, oak, or birch ; as there are, perhaps, an equal number of worthless acres of cold, boggy land that might be made to bear the useful needle-leafed trees. This cen­ tennial year is a good time to try some experiments in this direction.--Mirror and Farmer. A CBOW was killed recently in the orchard of Mr. Barbric, of Plymouth, Me., and upon opening his crop more than* twenty nests of caterpillar eggs were found, showing that this much- abused bird had dined on about 4,000 or 5,000 caterpillar eggs. The crow is not only a scavenger, but very useful also in destroying insects and worms that prey upon crops. The damage it some­ times does to young corn is more than counterbalanced by the service it renders Oil the farm. A CHEAP STAIN.--Take one gallon of strong vinegar, one pound dry-burnt umber, half-pound line rose pink, half- pound dry-burnt Vandyke brown. Put them in and mix them well; let the mix­ ture stand one day, and it will then be ready for use. Apply this etain to the sap of black walnut with a piece of fine sponge. It will dry in half an hour. The whole piece is then ready for the filling process. When the work is com­ pleted the stained part can not be de­ tected, even by those who have per­ formed the job. By this recipe wood of poor quality, and mostly of sap, can be used with good effect. DB. LEE, a distinguished agricultural writer and chemist, said in an address before the New York Agricultural So­ ciety : " I regard it as one of the greatest discoveries of this age, that about 97 per cent, of the ingredients which make up the whole substance of wheat, rye, barley, oats, peas and beans exist in the air in inexhaustible quantities. To transmit these aeriform bodies into the plants above-named and into grass and roots at the smallest expense is the object of nearly all your hard work." This was spoken thirty years ago, and the doctor says that the views then ex­ pressed will not now be called in ques­ tion. About the House. MILE CAKE.--One cup sugar, one-half cup butter, one cup sweet skim-milk, one teaspoonful soda, and a little season­ ing. This makes a very nice cake, and very convenient, especially when eggs are scarce. DEIJOIOUS BROWN BREAD.--Two coffee cups corn meal, one coffee cup molasses, one quart sweet skim-milk, one table- spoonful salt, one of saleratus, and two eggs. Stir with flour or shorts about as stiff as for cake. Bake in a pudding- dish. This is excellent, and any one test­ ing it will pronounce it good. FOR mending valuable glass objects which would be disfigured by common cement, chrome cement may be used. This is a mixture of five parts gelatine to one of a solution of acid chromate of iime. The broken edges are covered with this, pressed together and exposed to the sunlight, the effect of the latter being to render the compound insoluble 3ven in boiling water. A BREAKFAST DISH.--Grate a half dozen ears of green corn, stir in a cup of milk, add flour with which yeast powder in the proportion of two teaspoonsful to the quart have been sifted, until the whole is a thick batter. Add two or three eggs, well-beaten, and a ptnch of salt. Fry as batter cakes, or bake in gem pans in a quick oven. f IT is not generally known that boiled carrots, when properly prepared, form an excellent substitute for eggs in pud­ dings. They must, for this purpose, be boiled and mashed, and passed through a coarse cloth or hair sieve strainer. The pulp is then introduced among the other ingredients of the pudding, to the total omission of eggs. A pudding made up in this way is much lighter than where eggs are used, and is much more palatable. On the principle of eoonomy, this fact is worthy of the pru­ dent housewife's attention. WHAT IS SALERATUS?--Wood is burnt to ashes, ashes are lixivated, ley is the result. Ley is evaporated by boiling, black salts is the residuum. The salt undergoes purification by fire, and the potash of commerce is obtained. By another process we change potash into pear lash. Now put these in sacks and place them over a distillery maslitub, where the fermentation evolves carbonic acid _ gas, and the pearlash absorbs it and is rendered solid, the product being heavier, whiter and drier than the pear­ lash. It is now saleratus. How much salts of ley and carbonic acid gas a hu­ man stomach can bear and remain healthy is a question for a saleratus eat­ er. Some people say saleratus will not harm the stomach. It is a ley.--Detroit Free, Press. An Untimely Jane Bug. The other night Mary Jane Jones's beau came up to see her, and invited Mary Jane out to have some ice-cream and soda-water, which has a very exhil­ arating effect on some people, and it proved to be the case with this young man. Just as soon as he had got that ice-cream down he began to think how nice it would be to have Mary Jane always with him, and then he began to calculate how far $10 a week would go towards supporting a family, and he con­ cluded that with economy and manage­ ment on Mary Jane's part and some self- denial on his, such as not playing bil­ liards but once a week, and limiting him­ self to, say, ten cigars in that time, they might live very nicely. Provisions did not cost much, and Mary Jane's clothes could not be very expensive, say $20 a year or so, and--weD, he calculated it all as he walked home with her and re solved that night to know his fate. Mary Jane noticed that he was very ab­ stracted and guessed the reason and felt glad within herself that she had put on her white dress and new bustle, feeling quite sure that these had done the busi­ ness, for what young man can resist a white dress. let alone a beautiful new bustle. When they got to the front gate they saw that the front steps were fully occupied bv the residue of the Jones family, so tliey sat down on the horse­ block under the spreading maples, and there he essayed to tell the story of his love. Just as he got to where he was going to say in conclusion, " The world is a dreary waste to me without you, Mary Jane, will you marry me and share my humble cot," a big fat June bug dropped from over head right down the back of Mary Jane's dress. She jumped up and gave a Modockian whoop and frantically clutched at the back of her neck and shouted, 41 catch him, o-o-o-wouch; catch liim, he's killing me;" and the way she tore round there and danced up and down scared the young man nearly to death, and brought the Jones family out headed by the old gentleman who made straight for the supposed " him " and kicked him off the sidewalk, ruining his new summer clothes and causing him to go right round the first corner home. Then the neighbors helped catch Mary Jane, and some one made a raid down her back and brought forth the bug, and she wept sorely and trod it ruthlessly under foot, remembering what might have been if the bug hadn't been. Tneu she explained it all very clearly to those neighbors, but they sniffed their noses in the air and remarked to each other privately to the effect of its being a very likely story indeed that a June bug should stir up sach a fracas, and get a young man kicked off the walk, they guessed. If the truth was known, etc. Ail this week Mary Jane has gone round with dishev­ eled locks and has attained a chronic squint from much watching through closed blinds for a form that don't come ; and her young man stays within the fastness of the stdre and wonders and wonders, with a pain that never dies, what ailed Mary Jane, and if they al­ ways act that way, and the eveilings and mornings go right on and don't answer. --Detroit Free Press. SHOCKING TRAGEDY. The Expose of Spiritualists' Tricks. A decided furore has been created in this city and Brooklyn by the perform­ ance of'Mr. William Irving Bishop, at Chicktring Hall, who permits clergymen and others to bind his wrists, ankles, Hmbs, etc., with cords as tightly and se­ curely as they may, and then as easily removes them as if they were made of tow. He has given several. exhibitions of this character, and on the last occa­ sion the tying was done by Mi*. Milton Bradley, Dr. Meredith Clymer and Mr. Clark Bell. The cord apparently render­ ed Mr. Bishop immovable. He released himself in the full presence of the audi­ ence, and afterwards, on being fastened a second time, performed the tricks of playing upon musical instruments, hold­ ing up bloody hands, a la Eva Fay. as openly as daylight itself. These enter­ tainments are for the elite, and have been attended by aristocratic audiences. The lower strata can see the same tiling on Broadway, near Broome street, where the exhibition of a man tightly bound with ropes releasing himself with a few contortions of the body is in hourly pro­ gress. In tact, the cabinet manifesta­ tions of the Davenport brothers, the Fayp, and others, have been so thor­ oughly exposed that the only surprise is that apparently-intelligent people are still led astray by the claim of thej'e be­ ing something supernatural in sjicli en­ tertainments. --New York Letter. THE Bostonians are saddened by the intelligence that Dom Pedro noted in the South End a sign reading " Fumi- tur Moved and Gobing done." Sudden and Terrible Death of an Act­ ress--She Falls f,om the Sixth Story of a Chicago Hotel. Miss Louise Hawthorne, a well-known and popular actress, recently met with a sudden and horrible death in Chicago, where she had been, playing an engage­ ment. We glean from thepapers of that city the following particulars of tbe awful tragedy: What the circumstances were, or what happened before the culmination of the horror, cannot be told* So far as is known she was alone, and all that can be discovered are the bald facts of a ter­ rible death, the details of which are heartrending and sickening. In the evening Miss Hawthorne attended the performance of the "Two Orphans," at Hooley's Theater. Returning to the Tremont House, she spent some time in conversation with friends. A little after midnight she bade them good-night and retired to her room. A few minutes be­ fore 3 the bell of her room rang in the office, and a sleepy bell-boy toiled up the six flights of stairs. Reaching the door he rapped, but there was no re­ sponse. BTe knocked twice more, but no answer came. Then he listened and hoard a groan. Startled by this he went to the tube, and calling the office asked who occupied the room. The reply came, and again he went to the door and rapped for admission. Once more he heard the groans, and then, thoroughly frightened, he went to the tube and called for Mr. Eldredge, the cashier of the hotel* That gentlemen hastened up and thundered at the door. He heard no reply, nor did the groans come in re­ sponse as they had for the bell-boy. There was no time for parleying then, and Mr. Eldredge entered the room. He looked in every direction, in the closet and bath-room, but found no one. The room faces east, and there are but two windows on the east side, looking out into a narrow well or court. The south­ ern window was closed, but the northern window was open. It was raining at the time, and the wind blew the rain into the room. There was nothing to indi oate what had become of her, but the searchers felt a dread of some impending calamity. Down in the office the clerk had heard a crash out in the court, but the beating of the rain-drops on the panes and the swell and fall of the wind came right afterwards, and he forgot the crash until he saw men hurrving down, with pallid faces. From tne rotunda there is a window looking out into a jog in the court. But they could see noth­ ing from that. A door was tried, but was found to be fastened. They went around to another part of the building, and through another door. One of the party had procured a lantern, and, as they hurried across the slippery pave­ ment of the little well, they trembled in dread of what they feared to find. There she lay, face downward. The arms were spread, but the hands clenched as she had grasped at the air in her descent. Her hair was unbound, and the tangled meshes flowing over her head concealed the wreck the cruel pave­ ment had made. The blood flowed fast, and, mingling with the falling rain, ran in streams. For a moment the seekers were horror-stricken. Finally one of them turned the body over gently, and as the dim light of the lantern fell upon the face, a horrible sight was disclosed. She had struck a little in front of the top of the head, and the forehead was mashed and splintered. The scalp and flesh hung in a great flabby mass. One of the eyes was gone, and the other bat­ tered out of all semblance to an eye. The whole upper part of her face was mangled, and the mouth drawn and dis­ torted. Scattered around were the brains that had dropped out of the great, gaping wound that had usurped the place of her forehead. The blood' still flowed in great gulps, lifting the blue and. white pile oi flesh, that rose and fell as the stream jumped out. Down through her hair, over the white wrap­ per it poured, and the rain coming down steadily washed it tenderly away. There was little about her face then to testify to the beautiful countenance of the woman who half an hour before kad been all health and bloom. A stretcher was pro­ cured, aud fche was moved into the house. A pillow was placed under the remnant of the head, and a sheet spread over her to drown the horrible sight. A policeman was called in to watch by her, and a note sent to the Coroner, wno are rived at 7 o'clock. Shortly after his ar­ rival, the corpse was uncovered and a jury impaneled. She wore a gray dress, over which she had thrown a wrapper, indicating that she had not re­ tired, though her bed was found turned down and appearing as though she had laid down upon it. The inquest was brief, and a verdict of accidental death found. The undertaker was sent for, aud the body removed to hiw premises and packed in ice, awaiting instructions from her family or friends. arm and shook it violently. The three vials, redolent of laudanum, fell from his hand to the ground. Sir Edward's ser­ vants by this time had called a police- man, and with his help the would-be suicide was removed to the hospital, where the prompt use of a stomach-pump restored him to life, much against his will. I am sorry to spoil the pathos of the story by adding that experts pro­ nounce the man's claim one of the most impudent put in before the commission. -- Washington Cor. New York World. Great Shopkeepers. In Scribner for July, Dr. Holland says that A. T. Stewart's " business was one which he did not do. and could not do, without a depressing influence upon all who were dependent upon the same busi­ ness for a livelihood. His great estab­ lishment was a shadow that hung over all the others in the town. The man with ten or twenty thousand dollars ; the man with a hundred thousand dollars ; the man with one thousand dollars, each, alike, was obliged to compete with this who had millions outside of the necessities of his enormous business. The hosier, the hatter, the woman in her thread-and-neettle shop, the milliner, the glove-dealer, the carpet-dealer, the up­ holsterer, all were obliged to compete with Stewart. If he had followed a single line of business, it would have been different; but he followed all lines. Wherever he saw a profit to be made, in any line of business that was at all con­ gruous with dry goods, he made it. He thus became a formidable competitor with half the shop-keepers in New York. His capital made it possible for him to ruin men by the turn of his hand--to fix prices at which everybody was obliged to sell at whatever loss. However proud the New Yorker may have been of his wonderful establishment--and there is no doubt that it was pretty universally regarded with pride--it is easy now to see, in this period of unexampled depres­ sion, that our business men at large would be in a much better condition if that establishment had never existed. If all the money that has gone to swell his useless estate had been divided among small dealers, hundreds of stores, now idle, would be occupied, and multitudes of men now in straitened circumstances, would be comparatively prosperous. " But it is said that he employed a great many people. Yes, he did ; but did lie pay them well ? Would they not have been better paid in the employ of others ? The necessities of his position, and his ambition, compelled him to pay small prices. The great mass of those who served him worked hard for the bread that fed them, and the clothes that covered them. The public bought cheap­ ly ; the outside dealers suffered ; the employes laid up no money, and Mr. Stewart got rich. Under the circum- sfnsir-es, and under the necessities o^the case, was it desirable that he should get rich ? We think not; and we think that the final result of this great shop-keep- ing success is deplorable in every way. It has absorbed the prosperities of a great multitude of men and women. New York would be richer, happier, more comfortable, more healthy in all its business aspects, if the great store at Tenth street liad never been built. Five hundred men who invest their little capi­ tal in the varied lines of business, aud pay their mojjipst rent, and devote their time to their a%srs, content with profits that give them and their families a fair living and a few savings for a rainy day, are certainly better for a city than a single Stewart, who absorbs their busi­ ness and leaves them in distress." A Disappointed Claimant. A curious case of attempted suicide occurred here the other day at the doors of the British Legation. As is well known Sir Edward Thornton, Her Brittannic Majesty's Minister, acted for a long time past as umpire of the distracting Mixed Commission of the United States and Mexico for the settle­ ment of claims against either of these countries by eitizens of the other. The patience, ability and integrity shown by Sir Edward in this thankless task have earned him general admiration and re­ spect; but he has naturally been obliged to pronounce adversely in many in­ stances, and the claimants whom he lias dismissed naturally think ill of him. One man, whose case was unfavorably acted upon not long ago, being driven to despair, went to an apothecary's and bought three small vials of laudanum. Armed with these, he went to the Lega­ tion, drank the contents of the three vials one after the other, rang the bell and sat down on the steps. When tlie servant appeared, the man asked for Sir Edward, who happened to be in the hall and came out at once. The man con­ fronted him with a haggard face, and said, in substance: *' You have ruined me by deciding against my just claims. I have no hope left in this world, and I summon you to meet me before a Judge more just than yourself, in the next. I shall be there before you, for look here as he spoke, endeavoring to draw the ials out of his pocket. Sir Edward, thinking the man mad, and that he was about to produce a pistol, caught his The Signers. Tbe following are the names aud nationality of the signers of the Declaration of Inde­ pendence: • Same#. Where born. Adams, John,,.... .Braintree, MSKS. Adams, Samuel Boston, Mass. BartliHt, Jot-iah Amesbury, Mass. Braxton, Carter Newington, Va. Carroll, Charles Annapolis, Md. Chase, Samuel..., Somerset county, Md. Clark, Abraham......... Elizabethtown, N. J. Clymer, George Philadelphia, Pa. Ellery, William Newport, R. I. Floyd, William....... Suffolk county, N. Y. Franklin, Benjamin Boston, Maes. iterry, Elbridge Marble head. Mass. Gniuui-ti. Button England. Hall Lyman Connecticut. Hancock, John Braintree, Elasa. Harrison, Benjamin Berkely, V». Hsrt, John........ Hopewell, N. J. Hey ward, Thomas, JR. r.. St. Luke's, S. C. Hewes, Joseph Kingston, N. J. Hooper, William ..Boston, Mass. Hopkins, Stephen .Scituate, R. I. Hopkiuson, Francis. . Philadelphia, Pa. Huntington, Samuel Windham, Conn. Jefferson, Thomas fthadwell, Va. Lee, Francis Lightfoot Stratford, Va. Lee, llichard Henry............ ......Stiatford, Va. Lewis, Francis Litidaff, Wales. Livingston, Philip Albany, N. Y. Lynch, Thomas, Jr .St. George's, S. C. McKean, Thomas ..Chester county. Pa. Middleton, Arthur Middletcm Place, S. C. Morris, Lewis Morrisania, N. Y. Morris, Robert. Lancashire, England. Morton, John Ridley, Pa. Nelson, Ihomas, Jr York, Va. Paca, William Wye Hill, Md. Paine, Robert Treat Boston, Mass. Penn, John Caroline county, Va. Read, George. Cecil county, Md. Rodney, Caesar Dover, Del. Ross, George New Castle, Del. Rush, Ben.iamin, M. D Byberry, Pa. Rutledge, Edward .Charleston, S. C. Sherman, Roger Newton, Mass. Smith, James Ireland. Stockton, Richard Princeton, N. J. Stone, Thomas Charles county, Md. Taylor, George !. ..Ireland. Thornton, Matthew. Ireland. Walton, George Frederick county, Va. Whipple, William. -- Kittery, Me. Williams, William Lebanon, Conn. Wilson, James.. Scotland. Witherspoon, John .....Yester, Scotland. Wolcott, Oliver .Windsor,Conn. Wythe, George Elizabeth City county, Va. A Horrible Accident. David Pascal Spafford, one of the old­ est and most highly respected residents of this city, stepped into the mill of Todd, Haven & Co. on business yester­ day, and sat down, without thinking of danger, on the table of the butting cut­ off saw. The saw under or in the table upon which Mr. Spafford seated him­ self is worked by an improved lever, which raises half the saw instantane­ ously, if necessary, above the surface of the table, throws it into gear, and works it at the rate of 3,000 revolutions a minute. In a few moments after he had seated himself, his foot accidentally came in contact with the leVer raising the saw until it touched him, and then, springing forward to escape from the sudden and fearful torture, he rested the entire weight of one foot on the lever, throwing the swiftly-revolving saw up, it cutting him so that one of his legs and hips was almost severed from his body. Death resulted instantly from the effect of the wounds. He leaves a wife and three children.--Min­ neapolis (Afinn.) Cor. Chicago tribune. Results of Modern Warfare. The common belief, one apparently founded in reason, is that each notable improvement in warlike weapons in­ volves a corresponding increase in the slaughter and horrors of war, and so-- or, at least, this is the theory of a cer­ tain sciioo 1 of philosophers--tends to the ultimate abolition of war itself. The contrary is maintained with much in­ genuity by a recent essayist in England, himself a military man, who contends that while the chief feature in the mili­ tary history of the past twenty years-- say, since the Crimean war--has been the vast improvement, both in small arms and artillery--in firearms--the proportion of killed and wounded to combatants has been lessened as com­ pared with the results obtained from the old-fashioned weapon. That the fire­ lock or old Brown Bess should have been more deadly than the Snider-En­ field, Martini-Henry, Springfield, Chasse- pot or needle-gun," and the clumsy old smooth-bore cannon than the rifled Krupp or Armstrong field-gun, seems an absurdity ; nevertheless the facts are these. Taking the great battles of modern European history anterior to the Franco-Austrian campaign of 1859, we find that at Talavera, 1809, one- eighth of the combatants engaged were killed and wounded ; at Austerlita, 1805, one-seventh; at Malpla juet, 1709, Prague, 1759, and Jena, 1806, one-sixth; at Friedland, 1807, and Waterloo, 1815, one-fifth; at Marengo, 1800, one-fourth ; at Borodino, 1812, nearly one-third, 80,- 000 of 250,000 combatants falling ; at Salamanca, 1812, and Leipsic, 1813, one- third, the estimate of the latter battle including only the French ; at Eylau, 1807, of a total effective of 160,000, there fell or were wounded 55,000, or more than a third, while at Zorndorf, 1758, the most murderous of modern battles, 32,000 of the 82,000 Russians and Prussians engaged were stretched on the field at the close of the day, or two- fifths. At Solferino, the first great battle in which rifled firearms were employed,-the loss fell to one-eleventh, that is" to say, was one-quarter less than at Talavera, the least bloody of the earlier battles recorded above, while as compared with Zorndorf less than one-fourth of the per­ centage of killed and wounded was maintained. At Konniggratz, where the breech-loader came into play, the loss was barely one-fifteenth of the force en­ gaged. During the war of 1870 the loss at Worth was one-eleventh and at Sedan one-tenth, while at GraveUotte, which was properly believed to be one of the most tenaciously fought and bloody battles of modern times, it was but one- tenth. It must be remarked that in this campaign the mitrailleuse came into play, and that the part borne by the German field artillery was such as almost to amount to a revolution in field tactics. The same proportion of decreased casualties from improved weapons is pre­ served in earlier history. Zorndorf was but a skirmish to Cressy, where the French lost in killed alone 30,000 men, 1,200 knights and 11 princes. On the fatal field of Cannse 50,000 of 80,000 Romans were slain, and in the same campaign, at the battle of the Metaurus, a Carthaginian army hastening to the re­ inforcement of Hannibal, was literally destroyed. The reasons for this apparent paradox are, after all, simple. In the early days of Roman or Grecian warfare, where the weapons were the pilum or spear, heavy hand-to-hand fighting was the absolute rule, followed by a massacre when one side or the other gave way and fled. In the middle ages fighting was well nigh as close and the pursuit quite as bloody, while the undefended arohers or spear­ men fell easily before the knights or men-at arms. When firearms were in­ troduced, and fighting was carried on from a distance, and the end of the battle was usually the capture and loss of a commanding position, the porpor- tion of loss was immensely diminished. Then, too* each successive improvement made in weapons has been met by cor­ responding alterations in tactics to ob­ viate its results. The day of massive columns or deep formations to be mown down by fire reserved, as at Bunker Hill, New Orleans or Fontenoy, till the men " can see the white of the enemy's eyes," has gone by, and troops no™ engar ~ at longer distances, in much looser order, and, above all, make more use of cover. --New York World. m -351 • Terrible Warning. An awful example of the perils of tight-laoing and unrestricted--which means too restricted--pulling-back, is reported from London, where at a re­ cent drawing-room a loyal fair one ap­ peared in a costume like an umbrella- cover with a table-cloth attached to it. " Surviving, though shattered, the tu­ mult and strife " of the angry element of fashionable females striving to reach the presence of majesty, she was at last pre­ sented to the Queen and executed that elaborate, not to say exaggerated, obeisance that the occasion demanded. Lower and lower descended her fair head, more and more remarkable be­ came the sinuosity of her spine, till at length her curtsey was achieved and she arose ; that -is, she tried to rise. Alas! she was in the predicameut of the old-time exquisite who hadn't come pre­ pared to dance, and quite like the an­ cestral camel, who. according to popu­ lar legend, got his back up at some dis­ paraging remark offered by Noah as he was boarding the ark, aad was never thereafter able to get it down again--a fact which accounts for the anatomical peculiarity of the race from that day to this. She couldn't straighten herself, and, had it not been for the assistance afforded her by a couple of officials, would have tumbled forward on her pretty nose, helpless as a dismounted knight in armor of old time, or a turtle that has been keeled over, or else have remained till this day-- Like St. John Nepomuc in stone, or Lot's wife in salt, a terrible warning to all her sisters to shun the flowing pull-back. Defaming the,Dead. A curious trial occurred in Paris re­ cently. Some time ago a young man named Ollivier was killed in a duel at Longevy by M. Feuilherade, and, cn examination, it was found that he wore a metal belt, calculated to serve as de­ fensive armor. There was much talk about it, especially as the deceased was a professional duelist, and has been en­ gaged in five contests. His mother brought action against M. Feuilherade for defaming her son, and swore that tb##; > belt had been worn for years by medical^ advice. Her openly-expressed grief deep-*®" ly impressed the tribunal, and the de~# fendant was condemned to pay a fina of 250 £cauc| and costs. ~ All Sort!. A* PARIS musical composer gets up original street cries. SHEEP .sell for from 50 to 60 cents a head in Central California. THE average income of the FNGLIAB clergy is only $1,500 a year. ONE of the Dartmouth College gradu- ates of this year is only 51 years old. THE Czar is the tallest sovereign in Europe. The Emperor William is next in height. WITHIN a year seven members of ft* Boston bar nave been convicted of van- ous crimes. THE attendance at the Philadelphia Exposition for the first month was 1,000,000 persons. AT Great Barrington, Mass., they sent a circus ring-master to jail for whipping a horse, the other day. THE mapie is dying out in Massachu­ setts, but the elm sturdily keeps its an­ cient place by the roadside. BOM says that American women aro bold and masculine, and crowd upon strangers without invitation. A PROMINENT poulterer in Montreal was fined $10 the other day for plucking a fowl while it was still alive. THE monster eighty-ton gun. has al­ ready cost John Bull more than $100,- 000. Each discharge costs $100. ENGLAND has imported in the part four months $1,845,685 worth oi petro­ leum, against $665,720 worth in 1875. AN 80-year-old woman in St. Louis ambitiously tried to whip a woman of half her age and twice her weight, failed utterly, and will die of her inju­ ries. A SWEDE who went to Salt Lake City several years ago to live has become in­ sane because his four daughters, one after another, married the same Mor­ mon. BAI/TOIORB has got at the underside of the question. When a robbery is committed the policemen who should have prevented it get brought up to "taw." IN some parts of Arkansas the doctors can't write Latin, and so can't mystify people with their prescriptions.* The consequence is that a good many people are extremely healthy. THE oldest Postmaster in the United States, "Uncle" Daniel Curtis, died a few clays ago at his home in North Dor­ set, Yt., aged 87 years. He was ap­ pointed by ©en. Jackson. THE city of Boston has a bound copv of the Rev. Dr. Ellis' account of the evacuation of that city by the British,, for presentation to the Qneen of Eng­ land. This seems much like a delicate? reminder of how her folks got whipped once. A GOVERNMENT officer, who has been surveying Florida, says the mosquitoes abounding around Lake Worth would drain every drop of a man's blood in four minutes, if he was tied to a tree and helpless. His two dogs were tor* mented to death. THE latest thing in advertising can be seen on the banks of the Clyde in Scot­ land. The proprietors of the Glasgow News have rented some land which lies sloping to the Frith of Clyde, and ia the turf they have out the name of the paper in letters seventy feet long. THE Sioux warrior throws a blanket over his own head and the head of Ike squaw to whom he wishes to make love* and their courtship is thus hidden from observation. A belle of the tribe some­ times finds a row of suitors, with blank­ ets, waiting at the door of her wigwam. THOSE comical little English sparrows in New York are learning bad habits in this country. They have lately discov­ ered the seed-bo&es in the cages of cana­ ries hung in the windows of houses near the parks, r»nd manage to "batmet the lion's share of the canaries' provender. IT is said that every girl courted un­ der an oak tree in the coUegfe-yard at Covington, Ga., consents to a marriage and asks that the day be named then and there. When once engaged under this oak there is no power or charm strong enough to break off the engage­ ment. AVOID the companion who jests at everything! Such people disparage, by some ludicrous association, all objects which are presented to their thoughts, and thereby render themselves incapa­ ble of any emotion which can either ele­ vate or soften them ; they bring upon their moral being an influence more withering than the blasts of the desert. MOSAICS. Truth crashed to earth shall rise again, And waste its sweetness on the desert air, In thunder, lightning, or in rain; None but the brave deserve the fair. There was a sound of revelry by night'; On Linden when the sun was low A voice replied, far up the height, Tail oaks from little acorns grow. A change came o'er the spirit of my dream, Whatever is is riaht; Things are not always what they seem; My native land, good-night! AN officer of the first French Empire founded a singular banquet in 1867, which has since been celebrated annual­ ly. The peculiarity about it is that the guests to be qualified must be at least 80 years of age. Each year some of those present on the previous occasion are found to be missing, but their places are taken by others who have arrived at the required age. At the last banquet held recently twenty-five persons were present, the oldest one being 98 years of age. Unmusical People. curious fact that of written As It is a music there is in the Turkish Empire a total absence. Ev%ry soug or march, or piece of dance music, is learned by ear, first by the oompc-ser himself, then by those who intend to perform the piece after him. There are no names even for musical notes, aud thu3 it is by memory the most popular airs are saved from oblivion. A foreign musi­ cian, however, Mile, de Shippo, has at laet accomplished the task of represent ing, in a written form, by the usual no tation, a great number of the most pop­ ular Turkish airs.