The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

the port! ocwMnwt^vikt *MUMth|«uMwith gladnee* Each heart with pore Might; 3^. Ob* consummate, exhatisUatp, ISM souroe of human Joy! Oar e®r«* an E3en awsmetl^ •' With nothing to atmoy, To-morrow, deepest afa»ao<|p» Btve covered like t pall j1" The silent king of darknesir Is reigning over ell. * T»4i]r, bti fortune smlletfc; V 'IN vHlth of health is ours; On tireless feet «• Xft patha o*ratrawft with 1H ••fj , with walling faces, Speak words of oonlort sweet,» UMtt ear hearts an teffllog tftth happiness replete. tt»«aorrow friends Sum TMllted) And all ie wrapped in gloom; : Aweary, faint, deagondlng. t. .. We near the attest tomb. ' | Mkr a father llvafh, •" . A mother* voice I hear; , c A. brother and a sister nu home with lor* and cheer. Ma thoughts ol sorrow darken ®h© brow with raffled c®»»; . •* ,* Wo clouds obscure the ftitaw-- %?•£; v" : . All, %U is bright and fair. - *%- ^MBomv all is silent; * '%• *. Each fairy vision's tied; i; • land onee no well remembacat S%"'• --? ' Are sleeping with the dead. \ , &MA "si.'SS; r Crrr. Mo. * : , * . • Judging by appearance. '"Hero's a aloe place, Mabel," said the •tier of the two ladies who had just en­ tered the train. "And weU try to keep it undisturbed, too" she added, pro­ ceeding to deposit their shawls, sachels, efcc^ upon the end of each seat, while &e ladies seated themselves facing each They woe evidently motto and daughter, the mother large, portly and fine looking, the daughter a slender, bright-faced little thing, and just as evidently people of "position," marked bjr all the belongings of wealthy travel- Elegantiy braided linen platen, over Baits of biaok silk, stylish bis, dainty kid gauntlets, Russian leather sachels and^sh^wl-straps were their distinguish­ ing marks, beside that indescribable air which stamps its poeseoaor as One used I to good society. f ; .-"Bo very warm! Do reach my fan, • Ifafei! "said Mrs. Glennor. "Wehave ĵ jterribly hot day for our ride!" "But there is such a nioe breese,! " think it will be lovely," retarned bright- | eyed Mabel. , "Oh, you're always contented with iverything. Dear me, I hope the car­ tilages won't be crowded!" . "They are almost that now, mamma. v .̂V/W© have the only vacant seats, I be- •.*r\- "And Imeaa to keep them, too," an- . Aftunced Mrs. Glennor. t that moment spoke a Voice at her , ' - V ,J' '*rf Is' that seat engaged, fftadanrf" ' *. $ "Mrs. Glennor and Mabel bothlooked 'w ® a young lady dressed in a untrimmed linen suit, with , a htown veil covering her hat entirely, tmd shading a plain, homely face. Her speech was that of a well-bred yftrson, but her exceedingly plain attire stamped her in Mrs. Glennor's eyes as "common folks," not worth an effort to i| polite. She tamed to the windowand settled herself in her place without seeming to hear, but good-natured Mabel spoke at m*r "Mine isn't. Scm are weloometo Ibare it" And, notwithstanding the decided ***** on fcer lady toother's face, she toased h«r wty8.ps" over on the pile al- veady beside Mrs. Glennor, and smiled * reply to the young stnmger's quiet "Thank you," as she sat down, holding Ae small sachel she carried in her iap. " It will tire yon. There is plenty of loom, over hete with ours,** said Mabel, saaching out her hand toward the •ichej. ' r.rTfie yOung lady {̂ acedot iqH>n the 4H|at herself, saying: " ," I was afraid it might tronble yon." 4 " Not at all," returned MabeL ^ But Mrs. Glennor, with a little accent Ip spite, addressed her daughter: "Mabel, don't make yourself over- I wonder how far it is to Hon?" , " Don't the tilde tell yon, mamma?" "No. Only the larger stations are #wit WeU," with a sigh and a glance mi the intruder, " at least we «h*1l be able to select our own society there." 1"Mamma, don't!" pleaded Mabel in * low tone, flushing at her mother's "I detest these trains, where every **de person who chooses may intrude open you," went 00 Mrs. Glennor, [Mabel knew there was no telling iiiliere her mother would atop onoe she was on the track, and she noted the #uah which overspread the. young •tmnger's face. 8he quietly ohanged : subject. 0- "Do you know Mr. Bamiltoa ̂family mammaf • "Not the cMldraa, Not sinoe they . were gf»wn, that is. ,l̂ iaw them when Aej were littJe." "II they are like thai* noble old lathe* The young la ĵr smiled qui- Glennor answered: "I daresay they are. Birth andl»eed- |ng alwigrBshoWjMabei I, for one,eoul<i .»ever mistake a person of wealth and culture for a common one." "Is there only one daughter? "asked Mabel. "Onjy one at home, the youngest one, Henrietta; and one son, Richard. I oon- aider it very fortunate that Hamilton in- Vited us to make this visit, Mabel , Hioh- $rd Hamilton will be very wealthy, and, if you play your cards well, who knows what you may do in the way of a settle­ ment ? " "Now, mamma, if yon begin to talk that way I do solemnly declare I will take th# next train that home and not go at all !* Mrs. Glennor knew the girl was quite ^Capable of keeping her word if she was pushed too far, so she said no more, but betook herself to the prospect in view Irom her window. The ride was a warm one, but Mabel #n joyed it, and, in spite of her mamma's frowns, chatted with her seat-mate very •ooiably. ^ It was getting sundown when the train stopped at Hamilton, and several pas- aengers descended, among them Mrs. Glamor and MabeL There was a forlorn-looking station, with a dusty little refreshment-bar in one corner of a dingy room labeled, "Ladies' Room." There were two or three village idlers, with hands in their pockets, promenading up and down the platform, and that was all. 2 " Why, what does this mean?" fretted Mrs. Glennor. " Mr. Hamilton wrote he would be certain to have the carriage to meet us." " Perhaps it will be here yet, mam­ ma," said Mabel. " Suppose you ask one of these men if it has been seen." * I believe I will," and Mrs. Glennor marched majestically up to one of the men aforesaid and inquired : " Can you tell me whether Mr. Ham­ ilton's carriage has been at the station to-day?" " Yes'm--no'm--I dont know--there it are a-comin'now," was the slightly incoherent answer. Turning in the direction of his ex­ tended finger she saw a handsome car­ riage rolling rapidly up. " It is just coming," she announced to Mabel, whose eyes had already informed her of the fact. They waited upon the dreary platform until it drove up and the driver dis­ mounted. * Then he came up the steps and ad­ dressed Mrs. Glennor, touching his hat respectfully. "Ladies for Mr. Hamilton's, madam ?" "Yes. Gome, Mabel." "The carriage is ready, ladies. The spring cart is here already to tike your baggage over. Will 1 take your tickets ?" Mrs. Glennor gave him the ticketsfor their trunks, and the ready coachman soon had them piled in the light cart which had followed the carriage. "Now we are ready," declared Mrs. Glennor. But the coachman appeared to be looking for some one else. "Our young Miss Henrietta went up to town yesterday. We expected her back by this train." , "Here lam. Ram 1 * <sa11<wl» voice from the doorbf the ladies' room; and the homely young lady in plain linen, who had shared Mabel's seat, came out of her retreat inside, and ap­ proached them. "My goodness!" was Mrs. Glennor's dismayed ejaculation, as she flushed up to the roots of her hair. But Mabel sprung forward with ex­ tended hand. "What! are yOa Henrietta Hamilton? Iamsogladi" , < " And you are Miss Glenno£t I ani glad, too," said the young lady, offering her hand most cordially. " I would hare made myself known in the train, but I am always so shy with strangers, and I was not sure who you were till now. Mrs. Glennor, I am very glad to welcome you to Hamilton. I love your ? daughter already, and I am sure we shall have a delightful visit Let us go now; Sam is waiting." : This prompt courtesy/so delicately ignoring her own ritde behavior in the train, was a greater rebuke to Mrs. Glennor than say show of angsr could have been. For onoe her ready tongue was at a loss, and she only followed her young hostess to the carriage, silently and with flushed face. But Henrietta's kindly spirit soon put her at her ease, except when she re­ membered her mortifying blunder. It was a wholesome lesson, however. And the next time Mrs. Glennor meets a lady in the train, whether she is robed like a queen or in plain linen, she will treat her as such, and never judge by appearance. Prof. TMTOALL mites to the London Times calling attention to the remark­ able escape ofGalveaton from yellow fever last summer, and the evidence that it ww largely due to.tlM qummtiim that was maintained. An English #<» »P years in the Rue Nettvte at .G|2i&wgre constantly annoyed by ghostly visita­ tions, mostly from a little withered- old woman, who obtained in the the sobriquet of "the old woman of the pear tree," from her so often dis­ appearing at a pear tree whioh stood close to the spot where an old stone staircase had been discovered leading down to a large subterranean vault. The house and garden stood upon part of the old site of the great Capuchin Con­ vent, and, though the vault was at this time closed all round, with no visible mode of egress, yet tradition whispered that there wfere passages leading from it in all directions, one in particular ex­ tending as far as Fort Neuillv, a con­ siderable distance off. The old pear tree had been blighted while in fall bloom, or, as the. French curiously phrased it, "moonstruck." Soon after the family took possession of their apartments, the virits of the old woman began. They saw her in the bedrooms, they met her on the staircase, and often, when the fou» young ladies of the family stood talking at twilight in the garden, they would And one more than their number standing with them; but, if they ventured even to whisper a remark about her presence, she would glide away, turning an angry look upon the young party, and vanish by the pear tree. At first they were much alarmed, and the eldest daughter mentioned the ciroumstanoe to the lady from whom they hired the house. She minutely described the quaint, old-fashioned dress of their unwelcome visitor, and even the bunch of keys at her girdle. Her auditor turned pale, and begged the young lady not to talk to any one of the old woman's visits, as they had already been the cause of her apartments remaining long unlet; that she was said to have been a former pro­ prietress of the house, who had been a dreadful miser, and had passed a long life in prowling ab$ut the premises day and night in search of buried treasure. Her most disagreeable visitation was to the bedroom of the mother of the fam­ ily, who for a long time could not be persuaded that the young children had not been lying on her bed, as every evening the marks of its having been lain on were distinctly visible. She was also much disturbed in the night by the bedclothes being forcibly pulled away; and, whenever the father of the family (a lawyer in England) came over fOi a little recreation from his labors, he complained that he could not get a, night's rest, so incessant was tke jerking of the bedolothes, while strange noises filled the room. In this room the old woman*s husband had died, and she seemed still to frequent it. One event­ ing the third daughter ran gayly up the stairs, exclaiming that she "did not care for the old woman, and Was not a bit afraid of her!" Just as she was passing her mother's, room, the door of which was open, the old woman appeared at it, struck the young girl a violent blow on the shoulder, and disappeared into the room, slamming the door violently in ber face. Anliour after this two Of the other listers saw heir passing up the stairs before them, turning into another door. This particular night the mother of the young ladies heard all through the night some one moving about her room. * ^ , But the old woman of Jthe pear tree was not the only one who lingered in the precincts of the old monkish do­ main. The second daughter gave me an account of what befell her in one of the rooms, which account I give in her own words: ^ " It was in tire winter ©f 1852 thai I was sent up stairs by mamma to get her a pocket-handkerchief from-the drawers in the room opposite to hers. It was about 6 o'clock on a winter's evening, and, as the passages up stairs were but imperfectly lit by the hall lamp, I went with considerable fear and reluctance. On entering theroomltooka good look all round to make sure that none of the children were hiding there to frighten me. Having got the handkerchief from the drawers, I once more looked round before quitting the room, and, to my great astonishment, saw a lady kneeling in the attitude of prayer by the bed­ side; she turned her head as I Ap­ proached, and I saw that her face was very beautiful, her hair most luxuriant, her dress long, falling in elegant folds around her. My fright was great, but I did not scream, and, indeed, was so certain that it must be a living person that I softly approached and laid m/ hand upon her head. What was my surprise when my hand fell completely through her head, meeting with no ob­ struction of solid flesh, but passings as it were, through air. Turning round she looked at me in a severe and re­ proachful manner, as if for disturbing her in her devotions. I saw no more. I fled from the room, and only* remem­ ber finding myself at the foot of the staircase; how I got there I was never able to tell." Fbed M illeb lately dispatched $ grizzly weighing 643 pounds, on tho Muscleshell, in Montana, with an ax. The bear had ttkiav posS^Ott of fee camp duri*g |̂!3|̂ rV' absence, and tackled thil gentleman when he came up. Mr. M. sustained but Slight juries. ' • -T% Z>MOPS OF GOLD. Winter, which strips the leaves fron around ii», nukes us see the distant regions they formerly oonoealed; so does old age rob us of our enjoyments, only to enlarge the prospect of eternity before us. Imaginary evils soon beoome real ones, by indulging otir reflections on them; as he who in a melancholy fancy sees something like a face on the wall or wainscot can, by two or three touches with a lead pencil, make it look visible, and agree with what he fancied. There are persons who may be called fortunate, if not elect, namely, those who, from the felicity at their natural constitution, desire only what is good, who act for love, and show pure morality in their actions. In these happy belmgs the superior feelings predominate much over those common to men and ani­ mals. He who in mind and genius is & great man, who unites a strong intellect with a tender heart, and, besides, possesses a command of imagery and a taste for the beautiful, is a great artist. All the gifts of mind and heart must be united in order to form a great genius for the arts. Accordingly, we should not won­ der that artists of the first rank are so few in number and so rarely seen. The charter of man's liberty is in his soul, not his estate. No piled-up wealth, no social station, no throne reaohes as high as that spiritual plane upon which every human being stands by virtue of his humanity. Though 10,000 tongues should chant our praises, they would sound inhar­ monious in our ears if conscience join not in the choir. Politeness is the poetry of conduct, and, like poetry, it has many qualities. Let not your politeness be too florid, but of that gentle kind whioh indicates refined nature. Wise men mingle mirth with their cares, as a help either to forget or over­ come them; but to resort to intoxica­ tion, for the ease of one's mind, is to cure melancholy by madness. A contented mind is the greatest blessing that a man oan enjoy in this world; and if, in the present life his hap­ piness arises from the subduing of his desires, it will arise in the>acKS.t fromj^e gratification of them. * .~~T' . ^ ON DIOEH TI OX. it is -incomplete digestion of A tire quantity of food crammed into the stomach during business hours, and when the mind and vital forces are com­ pletely swallowed up in the contempla­ tion of money-getting, which forms a favorable soil for the propagation of dis­ ease! You "rob Peter to pay Paul." Not freedom from anxiety only, but absolute rest for both body and mind, for half an hour, should precede the mid-day meal. The impolite, if not'barbacr^s, habit, fostered by many Americans, to the in­ tense disgust, and subject to the ridicule, of travelers from abroad, is the nnseemly haste in which some persons rush away from the dinner-table, with their mouths crammed with food, and, with strangulation imminent, complete the process of mastication and deglutition en route to the counting-room or work­ shop. "Let us hasten slowly." Life is sufficiently long for all needful pur­ poses, if not stunted by improper prac­ tices. ' A genial, companionable and even temper, enriched by good humor, and a lively anticipation of the feast, will be the most provocative of those conditions on whioh digestion depends. The most prolific source of disease now affecting my countrymen may be traced to full mid-day dinners. It is not so much the quality of the food you eat as the quantity which in­ vites disease. Nine-tenths of my fellow- men engorge themselves with double the amount of food favorable to longevity. The hermit miser lives more fully in ac­ cord with nature's laws than we.--Dr. Preston Sweet. ex-Gov. Ma- 1 a good talker uro usk to jriM. An old-fashio'ned oitizen of Detroit who has been having a fire-place put in his house yesterday called on a dealer in wire-goods and said: "My wife has been teasing me for a whole week past to call and look at what she calls a spark-arrester for our new fire-place. What is the domed tiling, and what good is it?" The dealer brought out one, showed how it fitted around the grate, and as­ serted that no fire could reach the oar- pet through it. » " Don't want it--wouldn't ta^e it as a gift!was the decided reply. IT " Why, what's the matter?** " Matter enough. If Pm sitting the lounge and want to throw a quid tobacco into the fire-place I've got get up. and move that blamed away or else let down a window the top. Spark-arresting be han 7. put that ike-pjao^ in for cnMd fort!"--Detroit Freq Press, : , the jo**ney A good story is goffin, of Kentucky, and likes to do most self. Recently,in „ from Cincinnati to Lexin^ton^he shared his to ths vw! TT.-\t* % VvlgM-ftyod, pleasant-faced gentleman. The Gov­ ernor, after a few commonplace remarks, to which his companion smiled ai^a nodded assent, branched into a descrip­ tion of the scenes that he had witnessed in different parts of the country, grew eloquent over the war, described with glowing speech the horse races he had witnessed, talked learnedly of breeding, and told thrilling stories of his battles with the Indians in the Northwest. The hours slipped rapidly away, and when the train was nearing Lexington the two exchanged cards and parted with a cordial shake of the hands. The Governor drove to an inn, and to a number of his friends he remarked that the ride had never seemed so short be­ fore. * Then you must have had pleas­ ant company aboard." " You are right. I mot a gentleman of unusual intelli­ gence. We conversed all the way over. I never was brought in contact with a more agreeable man." ' Indeed! Who was he? " asked his friends. " Wait a minute; I have his card," and the Gov­ ernor felt in his pockets, and produced the bit of pasteboard. " His name is King." " Not Bob King? " shouted a dozen in one breath. " Yes, gentleman, Robert King; that is the way the card reads," was the proud reply. A roar of laughter followed. " Why, Governor, Bob King is as deaf as a post; he was born deaf and dumb!" ' TtnCMtlGHTBXDM. on the bright side. It Is the right side. The times may be hard, but it will make them no easier to wear a gloomy and sad countenance. It is the sunshine and not the cloud that maWm a flower. There is always before or around us that which should oheer and fill our hearts with warmth. The sky is blue ten times where it is black onoe You have troubles, it may be. So have others. None are free from them; and perhaps it is as well that none should be. They give sinew and tone to life-- fortitude and courage to man. That would be a dull sea, and the sailor would never acquire skill, where there was nothing to disturb the surface of the ocean. It is the duty of every one to extract all the happiness and enjoy­ ment he can within and without him; and, above all, he should look on the bright side of things. What though things do look a little dark ? The lane will turn, and the night %iH end in broad day. In the long run, the great balance rights itself. What is ill be­ comes well--what is wrong, right. Men are not made to hang down their heads 0| lips, and those who do only show that they are departing from the paths of true common sense and right. There is more virtue in one sunbeam thaw in a whole hemisphere of clouds and gloom. .Therefore, we repeat, look on the bright side of things. Cultivate all that is warm and genial--not the cold and repulsive, the dark and mo­ rose. *0 pomtmt *on srmwaPAVKBB* The Louisville Courier-J<nurnal has the following: "Why do women per­ sist in writing poetry? Is not the sex sufficiently cruel without this terrible weapon? And, as long as they are de­ termined to write it, why don't they put it into the proper measure? What makes them think that the daily news­ paper--a coarse, dull record of matters of foot--has space for poems? What makes them think that the huhried worker on the newspaper has time to edit poetry! There is the magazine editor. He has plenty °' time, and he likes verses. They ace a part of the food of his vast brain. He has a whole month to read and enjoy his poetry, and when he puts it into his magazine it goes to every State in the Union. A daily paper circulates in only four or five States, perhaps, and is read by per­ sons who do not yearn--at least not much--for literary gems. The woman who knows some interesting fact writes it down in plain English prose, and it is sent to a • daily newspaper, excites the admiration of journalists and readers alike, and gets a larger audience than the best poet can hope for. Her poetry falls dead upon the stone. A poem to be fit for a newspaper should surpass the work of Byron or Tennyson, else it is no news. Poetry writers should send their matter to magazines." «TMI TOOLS. American manufacturers of tools are doing a large business at the present time. Some are shipping goods direct to Australia, as well as to parts of Eu­ rope. forwarding saws, axes and other important tools of a quality and flnyb rM- wJ The wind i« shaking the old That will not quit their hold, \\ brnmm tffe* mder the atifTened graae '" " c , AndAriiee awfcy the cold. And VM$fe» mra: "How the March wia* totems la it scolding f How mad it mast be{, , When t Mow my bom 111 imdtor aaSswuiiifc'*' To show that I love thoia," saya ahe. " "JPor tt>© flower® m& bird* are dear HtBa thl*^ ' And moat not be frightened at all, 8© pray you be quiet, you noiay old *««*•#* they will come if I call. 1Ben on the hill warn water, I Aad soon I win carry them soma; But first I will blow just as kind aa I aai, to tell the sweet flowers they can 00Mb "Blow loud for the blossoms that live te And low for the daisies and clorer; But aa soft as I can for the violets shy, Yeai softly--and ever and over."* yf- •- --Mary Mope* Dodge, in St. Mchohu. 1- t' > PJLEASANTMIBSi 5 •'".f -- -J"5. •i.s.-as Pm-us men--Bakers. v A good cure--Sinecuffk, Mkh of ax-shun---Tra«i|fi^ Mas of note--Money-lenders. TH* cheapest light--Phosphere-cent. A BILL-HEAD -- The bust of Shak- speare. H. M. S. POTATOES seems to be apron ounoed success. > 3 THK first fire-alsim is said to have been when Cain struck A bel» , " Giv* us Mormon," is the ccy that comes from the women of Utah. WHAT band is it all young ladies long to attach themselves to? A husband. "WANTED--To exchange, music-IMP sons for washing," is sn advertisement in a Chicago paper. , A SOAP-FACTORY in Cambridge was damaged by the wind last week. It was a case of winds or soap. MI AM sitting on the exclaimed, as he flung himself into an Eastkke rocker of the latest design, PIPKINS wants to know why a Roman nose more than any other kind. We don't know, iinless it's because it always humps itself. IT is better to be a door-keeper in the house of a life-insurance agent than a man with a new-style short jaoket and a hole in the seat of his pantaloons. 1 is ^ &• ' " • • „ ,y • " "i >' 'N << *T ** y»A ' a#* t MX Thbbk j?nce was a garrulous drumqur, Who likewise was known aa a bummer. He went to the West To puU down his vest, ^ f And didnt get bock till nest summer. 1:1:1 A NEW JERSEY man tells us his wifo' was kicked in the jaw by a mule. " Did it hurt her? " " Bless you, no; but the E mule bloke his leg, and had to shot." . A COUNTRYMAN, who was giving in his evidence in a London court the other day, was asked by counsel if he was born in wedlock. "No, sir," he replied, "I was born in Devonshire." ~ | BREATHITT county, Ky., is described in the Louisville Courier-Journal as: J -- a land where revolver and rifle Are used for the purpose of settling disputee{ f) Where life is regarded aa only a trifle, , £ And 'tis usu4l for people to die in their booj|g«y, * A LITTLE boy was shown the picture ri of the martyrs thrown to the lions. He ] startled his friends by shouting: "Ma! J Oh, ma! Just look at that poor little lion way behind there. He won't get any." " THE pen is mightier than the sword," says the poet. Oh, yes, cer­ tainly! But on a dark night, *when there's burglars in the house, a good double-barreled shot-gun beats both of 'em, ' THE contribution-box waa passed mit dej his nose, but he paid no attention Why don't you say something? " asked the usher, testily. "Beoause," he re­ plied with a calm smile, " silence gives a cent." "DOES prohibition prohibit?" asks an exchange. We don't know. Now stand still while we give you One. Does application apple? Or, if you want an easier one to begin, does etnigraHon Emma?--Exchange, THE Southern cities troubled with the yellow fever last year declare that they are going to avert a return of it by a., thorough cleaning up of streets, sewers, and so forth, " before the hot weather sets in." A CONFIDENCE operator was* caught in the act of cheating a countryman at cards, and boldly insisted that by so do­ ing he was only obeying the scriptural injunction. When asked how he made that out, he said: "He w*s a stranger, and I took him in." NEVER seek to be called a " promising young man "--rather be a paying one. j|̂ put his arm around her wa * And swore an awful swore, aa ha jerked it off again, J, Heaald, •jfrefelttfcatPin-afore. ' '• IT was a colored preacher who said to his flock: "We have acollection to make this morning, and, for de glory of ;: heaben, whichever of you stole Mr. Jones' turkeys, dont put anything on the plate." One who was there says, * 1 "Every blessed niggah in de church ! came-down with the rocks." f IN a primary school, not long ago, {fee teacher undertook to convey to her pu­ pils an idea of the uses of the hyphen.* She wrote on the blackboard " Bird's- nests," and, pointing to the hyphen, asked the school, " What is that for?" After a short pause a little Fenian piped out: "Plase, ma'am, theft forthe to roost on." ̂ •• 'u V .33 - S , r, t * 1