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i" ^ AH «LI»r«MD KTOMlr - n «. *. »4* W Ml »Ml1« «Mch apri#;l ' ; vt** •• Calia fo*£Tw«ffcl»rk and plovenf,- , f The HWM*M wriw in bed^of tnyni^^ r . And fnfrat fields of okj**! * ft"1 'frhwr mfttd »»<*» wnpy ap* V, . And abook tbeir lauding rtadow* WWS, To dance among the clover! "'• *& '•TwMthePB, wlthdrow^hn«,tJMW*. flighted. loved to hover, _ .^.••••> i 18 iOr droning through the perrunww*** mm. .Fell fast asleep in clover! „ ». Hot f«r«w»y« «ny brook -• ' # Crept out from under ©mvwr v And, kianf-mg^Iyly.. wwtaita wayf W>tt> songs tor thy btyn'ie and do* t? • ^ •', - i ;] *^Xi Till further on the waters grew ^ l,H0 » dishing rover • V^'V: ir +• -Who wooed tbc iilifiBi W1 wd ^ $ 1 lM ""AS on« he *«"*» the ofc/W*. * *• . f< * *' S.^ii itol bonny brook ad sceujtodttuina, ,, T'M,;! A litt* maid Mid lover _ ' « ©reamed out the sweetest dreama of QM with you, amid the dowt. ?#t*i.d yi And " love's young yean hare come and gone sinoe 1 nil " love's voung diearn' la ovfln AI1U " IUTW ® y «.'««» "* -- -- jirhe hiwV still WOOB Ihe liUea f*i*« . J-v *«••» T But Mted 1* the clover v. ,,'••• "•#0 ~" ' " ' • • - - - A -.jilM* THE HKAD8HAN. Qhaatly Duti« on Gibbet and !• , "fiwi«p< iflunimult IT--Jl« Cooked in ••iimg Oil--Kesfcidea; Tor* Ap»H mm* Mardcren crucified. The profession of public executioner nowadays, though invested with a sinis* ter interest quite natural to the ghastly i craft,, possesses none of the elements.of romance which attached to it up to_ '• century or so ago. In France, for _ in­ stance, in the olden time, the execution­ er, or High Justice, as he was called, from tbe fact that only Supreme or Royal Judges, had the power to decree dedth, was a personage whoso ways and dntierf were as fascinating as they were revolting, In Spain, from the earliest time, the office of executioner was her­ editary by law. In France the law was ^japfeted by cut*torn. No one could asso­ ciate with the children of the headsman, who could learn no craft but that of their father. So rigidly Was this rule adhered . to that when Charles Sanson died, leaving • • his eldest son, only 7 years old, the ehild "had to stand beside his adult assistant i«* the scaffold and sanction his acts by hi* presence. Whan the executioner bad only daughters the husband of the eldest Suoeeeded his father-in-law. It was only ' toyith& complete extinction of a family that immunity from the horrible fealty to death could be secured. »<•. In the early (lays iu France the execu­ tioner held his office by letters patent .signed by the King. He was only nom- ' 'Inated after close inquiry into his person and habits. When the "appointment of afe executioner was made out the papers •were thrown on the table in the High Chancellor's office, and the new heads­ man picked them up. He was then sol­ emnly sworn to his duties. As a rule he MB not allowed to reside in town or city unless he took up his residence in the house of torture. In certain localities he wore a livery, consisting of a jacket bearing the arms Of tbe town and a lad­ der on the breast, and a gibbet embroi­ dered on the bauk. In France the exe­ cutioner of the city of Paris ranged firs', lor there was an aristocracy even of the gibbet. The headsmen bore the names of the places they served, being termed in public life and documents Monsieur, <de Paris, de Rheims and so on. The office of executioner was endowed with many pecuniary advantages. His chief fight wa« that of havee (from avoir, to hatp). This consisted of as much com sold in the market as he ooald take in his hands, and had been granted to help him in obtaining provisions, which, he could not easily procure Otherwise, • people declining money from such hands m his. The executioner could employ assistants to collect his tax; his right in certain towns was exchanged for a yearly 1 allowance of money. /Many other privileges were attxqhed lb the office. By an order of the Chiate- let, dated 1530, the executioner had a right of taxation on fruit, grapes, nuts, h*y» eggs and wool; also a toll on the PetitrPont, a tax on barges, a sum for each patient suffering from leprosy, a *um -on brooms, coals, oysters, iish, "Cakes of Epiphany, water-cress. sellers, aad ou stray pigs. When one of his . ^servants captured a pig, he took it to the Hotel Dieu, and either the head or a sum of money was given in return. The 1 •N*!® ̂right to a part- of the apparel m the culprits who suf­ fered by.$is hands j at first only clothes below the waist were given him, but event*vi)ly ne obtained the whole appareL In certain cities the executioner levied • tax on women of loose life. The • •looks of Saint Martin gave him five i loaves and five bottles of wine for every V -execution on their lands. Other monk- \iah organiza ions paid him ft stated < yaariy rakn. He also received a sum of laoney 1rom the state for each execution, lb 1721 all these privileges were abol­ ished, tod he received a salary of 16,- <K)0 Hvres, special fees for executions outside of the' city, and full expense aQ6'wanoe. •'<' • The carppjater's Iras also au important position. His business wfts to, construct, repair and keep the scaffolds and instrn- merite of torture in order1. His salnry ,wa^ frijim 40,000 to 50,000 francs. The " exi&cutxooei'fi assistants were either his, own s ervants or apprentices, who were led and boarded, font not paid. In 1791, the National Convention, by a decree issued on. June 13,1791, de- cSoed that an executioner should be at­ tached to every department of the re- •public. The sal%jry of execntioners was to lie paid by the state. In to\.ns of "wHicl\ the population did not exceed tS0f,YKK) inhabitants, the salary was fixed at 5,409 livres; in those pumbering from , W.OOf) to 100.000 inhabitants, 4.000 WIps; and, lastly, the emoluments of tte, executioner of Paris were diminished worn 16.000 *o 10.000livree. His assist. «fct»,yere paid on the same scale. l>ur- ft W Rwfni of Terror, however * ' fee of 8.000 francs was added to not too much for ^ a 0 " h « j t o d o t h e n . The last reform in the p^ition of ex- ^t^oner was enac.te4.in 1840..when the y i • r fxeeiltiq»er of Wis was JTTr 5.9°°/rfto^, the execntionei % Ljons received 4 000 francs, tho^e of a^'W»nse 3.000 l? a ^ of le8s important leatlsmen each 2.400 franc?. It will cross. Burning at the stake was not Abolished in France till the seventeenth ,«entury. Quartering was last inflicted •On Dnmfons, the would-be assassin of liouis XV., in 1757. It consisted in Ijyinsf the convict by the urms and legs to four horses, whioh were then driven ftn different, directions,until the victim ^as torn apart at the joint^. Breaking at the wheel^as tying the ^n'prit on a wheel, breaking his limbs, >nd leaving h'm on tte wheel until he expired. But it. ofteir^appened that the .Judges ordered by a iwHtam that he ahould be strangled before his limbs were broken. The punishment was Jiost frequent in Fcanoe, and many inno-ent men suffered by it; among others the unfortunate Calas. The wheel was abolished in 1789. Drowning wan meted out to witches and sorcerers. Philippe Augustus extended it to untitled people who swore, and Charles VI. to those guilty of sedition. After the nign of Louis XL it was abolished. Flaying alive was resorted to freely lor treason. The Constable of Armagnae was thus put to death wheu he Wivs cap- turecL Impalement and stoning to death was alsd in vogue in the early days. Under Francis I. the punish­ ment of estrapade, which consisted in letting the culprit fall from such a height «s to break his limbs, was invented. Boiling coiners in oil or water was not abolished till 1791. The punishment, of la cale consisted in hoisting the victim by a pulley and letting him suddenly fait • It is worth noticing that the Middle Ages provided a supreme protection against death, even at the foot of the scaffold. The culprit might, if he succeed­ ed m slipping through the hands of his keepers, seek refuge in a church, and his person was sacred so long as he abided there. The church was pieroed with red-hot iron. For this pun­ ishment he invented a rcund-shaped iron, whi h the executioner applied to the lips of the eulprit after ^Wting it. Louis XII., the " father of the peo­ ple," enacted that whoever uttered eight blasphemies should hare his tongue torn out; and Louis XIV. re-established the law. Among the Huguenots burned alive on Jan. 21, 1635, in the presenoe of the King, was a man named Antoine Poile, whose tongue was pierced and attached to his cheek with an iron pin. The in­ fliction usually took place before a ohureh. The amputation of the ear* was a oom- mon punishment?in the Middle fwf. It was practiced on the serf who displeased ki8 master Sauval gives the following acoocu>t«f it; "The amputation of one, ' ear was inflicted 1 on dishonest servants and cut-purses; a- seoond offense cost them the other ear; death was the pen­ alty of the third offense. When the first larceny was considerable it was the left ear whioh was cropped." The teeth were also within reach of the executioner. .It was the wont to pull the teeth of Jews to make them give up their money; and Louis XI., after the death of Jacques d'Armagnae, whom he caused to be skinned alive, ordered that his children should be taken to the Bas­ tille and hare their teeth extracted. Amputation of the feet was common as well as the hands. They were simply chopped off with sword or ax, and the stump plunged in boiling oil or cauter­ ized with an iron. These punishments were frequently inflicted on women. Pouring boiling oil on the feet was a common form of torture. Death was caused by pouring boiling oil into the ears, the nostrils and the throat. Molten lead was applied to the same purpose. One executioner received a liberal re - . , r u„i_ ward for inventing a crescent-shaped very jealous of this pivdege of hoW j kni{e> by means of which a criminal's sanctuary. He could be still more effl: heart'miJht ^ ripped out so rapidly that he had not time to die under the operation. Cases were common in which thb victim had his lips lopped off one ciently preserved if a woman consented to marry him, and a belief in the con­ tinuance of that form of salvation still exists among many of the lower , order abroad. There were almost numberless punish­ ments not followed by death. Flagel­ lation in public was not abolished tdl 1789. The pillory was a post set up in a public place, wh^re the offender was exposed, chained, to the fusilade of the stone-throwing mob. Some pillories were wooden cages, whioh revolved upon a pivot. Very heinous offenders were fastened to the pillory by an iron collar. Bankruptcy, forgery, bigamy, fraud, robbery of froit, cheating at cards, blasphemy and a hundred other incongruous offenses entitled a man to be pilloried. The amende honorable consisted of parading the victim in a cart through the streets, and was fre­ quently the prelude to severe punish­ ment. In 'the Middle Ages a husband who suffered his wife to beat hiin was made to ride about the streets on a donkey, with his head toward the tail. Cutting the table-clot'u before whoever had committed an act of cowardice was . another usage of the same kind. This was done to William of Hainault at the King of France's own table, because he had no^aveqged themurder of hia grand- uncle. ' .. i Degradation Was a penalty- which al­ ways • preceded the ceremony of death. By degradation the victim Was ignomin- iously stripped of ail earthly honors. Thus, when Marshal de Biron was on the scaffold the Chancellor of France deprived him of his insignia of the Order of the Holy Ghost. ' The degradation of a nobleman was always afcteisfte# with smeh eolemmtjr. Thirty Knights of proved courage met in council and summoned to their pres­ ence fee nobleman charged with felony. A King or a herald-at arms pronounced the accusation of treason, of broken faith, and if the charge was not met degradation took place. ; Two scaffolds were erected iu public; on one the Judges were assembled, surrouuded by heralds and men-at-arms ; on the otber stood the culprit, fully armed, with hia shield stuck on a spike betore him. He was then stripped of all his weapons, beginning with the helmet; bis . shield was broken iu three pieces ; his spurs broken, on a dung-hill; the Ktng-at- Arms poured a basin of hot water on his head, and priests sang the service of the dead., The Judges, clad in mourning, then went to church, whether' the cul­ prit was borne on a litter. After a de pro- fundi* he was given up to the Boyal Judge to be dealt with by High Justice. On some occasions he was allowed to outlive his infamy, as in the case of Capt. Frange, a Gascon gentleman, who had treacherously surrendered Fonta- robia to the Spaniards. He was de* graded at Lyons in 1523 in the manner described, and afterward set free. Subsequently degradation was aban-' doned,.because the sentence in itself was understood to imply tbe stigma. It was resumed in 1791 under the name of erfcil' degradation. The clause was thus word­ ed: "The culprit shall be led to the public place, where sit, the tribunal that passed sentence upon him. by one, and being ripped open and dis­ emboweled before the death stroke was given. It would take a volume to enumerate the tortures the devilish ingenuity of man was father to in those ghastly times. The Parliament of Paris applied only two kinds--water and the boot In Brittany the sufferer was tied to an iron chair and his legs brought by de­ grees in contact with the fire. At Be- sancon the horse, which consisted iu mounting the victim on a log garnished with spikes, was in use. Estrapade prevailed at Orleans. At Bouen the thumb, fingers and legs were crushed. The boot was an instrument consist­ ing of four planks pierced with holes, through which ropes were passed to hold them together. Between the two innermost planks the victim's leg was fitted. The executioner then drove wedges between the outer ones. Ordi­ nary torture Included four wedges, but on extra occasions eight wedges were used. At any rate, the leg was reduoed to a pulp of riven flesh and muscle and splintered bone. Torture by water consisted in Beating the culprit on a stone stool after his sen­ tence had been'read to him. His wrists were attached behind his back, to two iron rings distant from each other. All the cords then entwined round bis limbs and body were then pulled as much as possible, and when the body of the suf­ ferer could not be stretched any more a trestle was placed under his back. The questionnaire held a horn in one hand, and with the other he poured water in and obliged the criminal to swallow four pints in question ordinaire and eight pints in question extraordinaire. Death was commonly the result of this tor­ ment. Torture comprised several graduated torments inflicted upon a prisoner, either to compel him to confess his crime or to obtain the names of his accomplices. While he was subjected to these suffer­ ings, a Judge, standing close to the tort­ urer or questionnaire, called upon the accused to state the truth, and wrote down liis declarations, whence the name V>f question which was given to this tort­ ure. Question was of two sorts, either definite or preliminary. These two cate­ gories were subdivided into question or­ dinaire aud extraordinaire. Through the first it was sought to exact from the accused the confession of hirf guilt; through the aocused it was endeavored to discover the accomplices who had helped him in the perpetratiou of his crime. Torment carried to a certain limit constituted question ordinaire; it was doubled in question extraordinaire, which, as a rule, was only inflicted upon culprits previously sentenced to death. Yet there are people who regret the ** good old times.--English paper. the court shall address him in these words: 'Tour country has found you guilty of an infamous act; the law and the court strip yon of your title of French citizen.'" 1 In olden times a culprit,, no matter what his crime, was branded with the fleur de lis on leg, arm, back, breast, cheek or even forehead. Afterward the letter V was branded on the shoulders of those specially guilty of theft. Crim­ inals sent to the gaUleys were branded gal., for galere. These marks were all. merged iu the general one of T. F., standing for travaux forces, which were used till branding was finally abolished by the law of April 28, 1832." A parrioide had his £u$t amputated till 1791, when it was decreed that he should be taken to execution with his face cov­ ered with a black cloth. In 1810 ampu- i tatku was resumed aad continued till | 1832. Criminals condemned for murder I and araju went to execution in a red j shirt. • I Mutilation was a common foi-m of an- I cieiit puni.hment There is scarcely a | single part (J the body th it lias not j 'been subjected to a separate and special, torture--the eyt», mouth, tongue, ears, teeth, arms, hands feet and heart have been Writing with Lemon Juice. Father John Gerard, of the Society7 of Jesus, who was confined and cruelly tortured in the Tower of London at the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, was in The clerk of { the habit of writing letters in orange or lemon juice to his friends. The manner in which he thus baffled the vigilance of his jailers is described in detail in his highly-interesting autobiography, pub­ lished a few years ago by the Rev. John Morris. Father Gerard says: " Now, lemon juice has this property, that what is written in it oan be read in water quite as well as by fire, and when the paper is dried the writing disappears agaiu till it is steeped afresh, or again held to the fire. But anything written with orange juice is at once washed out by water, and cannot be read at all that way; and if held to the fire, though the characters are thus made to appear, they wil not disappear, so that a letter of this sort, once read, can never be delivered to any one as if it had not been read. The party will see at once that it has l>een read, and will certainly refuse and dis­ own it if it should contain anything dan­ gerous." One result of Father Gerard's orange- juice correspondence was that, with the aid of zealous friends outside, lte effected his esc&pe from the Tower iu 1597. " -fiii l &kme- TW PXW* a R.pecips of judicial l , •rivil®K8* of free lodeitHf and the like which eke the JntTin ^etch " incoino out some »0 or 30 per cent. H«w»ver mficfc be fasflfv tto old time %* farn<^Ti»« ̂ of * ^.fchmr-iits he has at one fim* and another u»>oc t*V inflict cannot he • *ead without apbudder. Decapitation - "•» » punishment as old *« the whHd It ' 45? '/h*. ,<?m of priviW*d to . , , 'PUed wmismls. Common Vera hanse.1, an were also disced . . 5 Gru'-iftxion was an anrtient an d form of French punishment. In 1127, by order of Louis the Fat, B°>r- .f, l. Jfoo'de, the murderer of Charie* the *»»ghteoto^ was emrified. Jews and •erotica van the chief victims of the Preacher, Builder and Blacksmith, Few men in Maine have crowded more fen nine bard work into their lives than llder_ John Spinney, of Starks, a Free- 64 years old. . ilouvu 1U„K» ~ blacksmith by inflicted by Princes .lp0n hieh person* i trade» bavin8 worked twenty years at acres who«e attacks tliey feared but tliat buhmt'hH. When 19 years old he whose lives they dared not' take; Blind*. ' commenced preaching, frequently walk- - mg ten miles to church on a Sunday, ness was applied to Bernard, Kinjr of lfaly, grandson of Charlemapne, and the Parliament of Senlis, in $73, ordered, tliat the rebellious son of Charles the Uaid should be deprived of his sight. A red-hot iron passed before the efoe until, to use Joinville's expression, they were oooked; a steel point which was Pjnnged iu the 6enter of the organ; the plucking out from the socket--mch were the instruments and me^ns resorted to by justice and revenge, which in barbar­ ous ages were often confounded. . The tongue has at all t mes been nrao- ticed upon by the law. Louis IX or­ dered that blasphemers should be marked on the brow, that their lips should be burned, and their tongue Xow toK»«p Tour JPotatocM Qoo Preserving potatoes for the table in the summer by slightly heating the a face and thus iestroying the eyes, was recently suggested in the New England Farmer as a method worthy of experi­ ment. J. G. Adams, of Green county, Pa., writes to the New York Tribune that the plan is practiced in his county to a considerable extent. The eyes are destroyed by simply pouring scalding water over the tubers, which are then immediately dried and put away, when they will keep indefinitely. Mr. Adams knows whereof he speaks, for being en­ gaged in the grocery business he has bought and sold potatoes treated by this process repeatedly. HireA Halp. Michigan Farmer: There •*« 4ome farmers who always have trouble with hired men. They take no interest in them further than to get the most time and labor out of them. They are con­ tinually scheming to furnish odd jobs to fill up all the time, as though the laborer did not need an hour ef rest as well as the teams. This maneuvering has a tendency to make machines out of the help. They work to order, right or wrong, and shift all responsibility on the master. With help managed in this manner, shirking is praiseworthy. It is a constant strife to try and beat the "old man," as they call him. There" is no feeling of interest in the work, and continual breakages and mishaps are oc­ curring, which the help delight in attribr wting to the" order," or as a result of it. --1 Keep the Hunters Away. Ben Perley Poore : The most unmit­ igated nuisances which annoy thost^ who live in the country are the self-styled "sportsmen." There are various grades of them, but all are equally detestable. From the city chap, in his velveteen hunting suit, with his double-barreled breechloader, down to the troop of small boys carrying an old musket which they Use by turns, each and all of these self- styled sportsmen of high and low degree appear to think that they possess a divine right to go where they please, knocking down stone walls when they wish to cross them, and banging away, right and left, at everything larger than a mosquito which they see flying about. 1 have no patience with these fellows, who are almost, if not quite, as bad as sheep- stealing dogs, and I wish that the farm­ ers of the country would unite and agree to prosecute for trespass any man com­ ing on their land with a gun and a game- bag- . XTse of the Hand-Hoe. With the introduction of the horse- oultivator the hand-hoe went out of use on most Western farms. More work ooald be done with the cultivator, and it could be done with greater ease. The more the cultivator was improved the more farmers became attached to it, and the greater was their reluctance to han­ dle the hoe.# At present the implement that Ijas beep used longer and to better advantage than any other in the cultiva­ tion, of crops is generally discarded on Western farms. Indeed, many market gardeners manage to raise most of their vegetables without using the hoe to any Considerable extent The horss-cultiva­ tor ie certainly a very desirable imple­ ment to employ in both the field and the garden, but its use should be supple­ mented by that of the hand-hoe. It is profitable to continue the use of the hoe in every garden and cultivated field, Work can be performed with it thit can­ not be done with any Implement drawn t>y a horse. The hoe should be used in every corn and potato Held before the cultivator is putin operation. It should be employed to remove stones, turfs and pieces of hard earth that may be over the plants that are making their appear­ ance above ground and for stirring the soil around them. The cultivator is ex­ cellent for working the ground between hills, but for cultivating the hill itself there is no implement like the hand-hoe. It is very difficult to keep a field devoted to any cultivated crop entirely clear of grass and weeds without using the hoe. A field that has been ^lifrked at least once with a haad-hoe is always more productive than one that has been tended with the cultivator alone. The truth is, the former perforins some work which the latter cannot do.--Chicago Time*. Preparinjr Land tax » Ghurden. A large proportion of farmers declare that vegetable gardens are unprofitable, that they require a large amount of work and make a poor return for it. The truth is many excellent farmers are very poor gardeners. They are experts in raising corn, potatoes aad small grains, but they do not understand how to pro­ duce the ordinary gardea vegetables. They think the land for & garden re­ quires no special preparation and no special manuring. It does require both. The spot selected for a garden should be well drained, and it is well to have it slope toward the south or southeast The soil should be free from weeds aud the seeds that will produce them. Land that has long been in cultivated crops is not in a condition for a garden unless it is highly manured. Even then it is lia­ ble to be objectionable, as it is likely to be weedy. In many respects it is better to break a piece of sod the summer be­ fore it is planted. The plowing should be well done, and sufficiently early to insure the rotting of the sod. If the spot is some distance from the farm buildings it will not be likely to be visit- ed by fowls, and require no fence to pro­ tect it. A garden spot should be well manured, aad the material used for fer­ tilizing should be well rotted. It is best to apply the manure the fall before it is. planted, so it can be incorporated with ' the soil. If the manure is spread on in­ verted sod it will help rot it, while the seeds it contains will germinate, and the plants they produce can be killed with a harrow or other implement. Land which requires as much labor as a garden should be very rich. It should receive the well drinking troughs, etc., thorougly cleaned and dis- Fowls that have reoovered from the roup should not be returned to the flock until a week after the symptoms have disappeared. When ulcers have formed in the throat, in addition to the other treatment, apply Sulverized chlorate of potash twice a ay until cured. Bat when the disease has progressed so far that the whole head is affected, and the eyes closed and running, don't waste valuable time doc­ toring that hen. Out her head off, and get her out of misery. Finally, avoid damp, filthy yards and houses, crowding too many fowls in one building, roosting in cold draughts, ex­ posure to cold and wet during autumn, winter and early spring months, and you will have but little cause to fear the roup among your fowls.--Prairie Far­ mer. • preaching two sermons, and returning on foot at night. In his life he has moved thirty-eight times, and has erected twenty-three buildings. Among other things he has delivered over 8,000 'sermons, attended over 200 funerals in Starks, married over 200 couples, bap­ tized over 200 people, and raised a fami­ ly of ten children.--Augusta {Me.) journal. IN cutting into a hollow tree into which he had chased a rabbit, Riley Donaldson, of Merriwether, Ga., found two rabbits, two squirrtl*, a nest of squirrels and a swarm of bees, with nina gallons of honey. He gave the most of his attention to the beea. HOUSEKEEPERS' HELPS. POBK PUDDING.--One cup sour milk, one cup molasses, one cup pork chopped very fine, one teaspoon soda, mix quite stiff, boU three hours in a cloth or steamed two hours; serve hot with sauce. BALLOON PUDDING,--Take four eggs and three teaspoonfuls of flour and well beat together, add a little salt, then fill up with sweet milk; bake in a square baking tin and serve with sweetened cream. " ~ . , CABBAGE FRIKD WITH CBEAM.--Chop a quart of cold boiled cabbage, fry it fifteen minutes with sufficient butter to prevent burning, season it highly with pepper and salt and stir • into it half a cupful of cream or of milk, with a tea- spoonful of flour mixed»with it; let it cook five minutes longer and serve it hot. FBIKD TOMATOBS.--Cut the tomatoes in slices without skinning, pepper and salt them; then sprinkle a little flour over them and fry in butter until brown. Put them on a hot platter and pour a little cream into the butter and juiee. When boiling hot pour over the toma­ toes. This, dish is very nice served' with birds. SALLV LUNN.--The genuine "flally Lunn," as made in Virginia kitchens, is always a cake raised with yeast. It should be made, raised, baked and served in the same dish, and have' little flavor in common with the so-called " Sally Lnns" made with baking pow­ ders. Take five cups of flour and pour over it a cup of boiling water; add a cup of milk nnd a half a cup of butter; beat thoroughly, and when the mixture is blood warm add four eggs, a little salt and the same amount of sugar; add last of all a half cup of home-made yeast. Beat hard till the batter breaks in blis­ ters. Set to rise over night, and in the morning put it in the oven as soon as the fire is hot enough to bake it Bake browa. The dish in which it is made and baked should be earthen, and the cake should be torn apart in suitable pieces before it is served, not cut--hot bread is always made heavy by the knife. CUBRANT AND RASPBERRY SIBUF.--A lady contributes the following to the Germantown Telegraph: Remember the sirups of commerce are nearly all terribly adulterated, and make your own for family use. Take eight pounds of very ripe currants, led and white ; pick off all the stalks, and put them into a wide earthen pan ; then take them up in handfuls and squeeze them till the juioe is all crushed out of them, which will take some time. Leave them in the pan with the juice twenty-four hours. Put two pounds of raspberries in a saucepan with two teacups of water and boil them for a few minutes till they are all crushed. Then pass all the currants and raspber­ ries through a hair-skv , pressing +hew with a wooden spoon to extract all the juice. If the juice should be very thick, pass it also through a jelly-bag. Weigh the juice, and for every pound of it, put two pounds of loaf-Bugar, broken into large pieces. Put the sugar into a pre­ serving-pan ' with one pint of water; pour all the juice on it. Let it boil for an hour, stirring frequently; th^n put it into small bottles, and cork it lor use. Two table-spoonfuls in a tumbler of water will n iake a very refreshing drink in summer. Cherry sirup may be made in the same way with Morello cherries. Ten Thousand Clerks. The Government and its employes bear a relation to our city somewhat sim­ ilar to that of a college and its students to the little New England village where it is located. There are enough office­ holders who are residents of Washington to make a good-sized city of themselves. In the various departments the work goes on the same from one year's end to the other, and one would scarcely real­ ize how great the number of employes in the various departments is. The number is about 10,000. This is exclus­ ive of the Capitol, city postoffice and District Government offices. This body of Government employes forms not only a large but a very intelligent and agree­ able element of the population of Wash­ ington. A large proportion of them are people of thought, education and refine­ ment, and their presencfe would be an acquisition to any community. The remuneration of the employes of the departments varies somewhat, but generally the salaries range from $900 to $2,000 for clerical work, the latter being given to those who occupy responsible or particularly important positions, and the first generally to copyists, a great many of whom are ladies. The latter are hard worked and they work well and receive the smallest remuneration, but the wolf is kept from the door of many a family by their earnest endeavors. A great many of them once belonged to families of wealth, but reverses came, and they are glad to be able to work for a living. In the Treasury Department there are over 500 lady clerks, and in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing as many more. In the Treasury and In­ terior Departments changes are most frequent, and it is in these mostly that I women are employed, and every now as much as fifty wagon loads of manure ^ „ to the acre in o.der to be as productive i and then there^are Tumors ofCpendinj? M Tnmt marknt myilAn. in thu ~u v: • . . , , W„ .. 0 as moat market gardens in the vicinity of large cities are. changes which set their hearts flutter­ ing with dread until the danger is over. ^ A position in the State Department ia Boapt, considered a permanent thing. -It is The symptoms of roup are hoarseness, TOn on a plan similar to our army and rattling in the throat, bad breath and j navy. When some one dies promotions running at the nostrils. If taken in i take place, and there is a chance for an hand at this stage, the disease can be j appointment. In the War and Navy easily cured. First give a dose, say a dessert-spoonful of castor oil at night, and next day give three or four drops of turpentine and one drop of carbolic acid. For several days afterward give pepper or ginger and pulverized charcoal in the food, and Douglass mixture in the drink­ ing-water. This will not fail if the fowls are taken in hand in time. Another remedy that has proved good is coal, oil in half-teaspoonful doses in­ ternally, and a little injection up each nostril after wiping. A third remedy, or perhaps I ought to put it first, is the old reliable German Roup Pills. They will cure in every case where a cure is possible, an ! many poultry-keepers keep them on hand all the time. Roup is contagious, and as soon as it appears in a flook the towl* -tamld shadows had begun to thiokeik when a member of the household discovered th) eld«r of the boys (it was his eeventli birthday) croud e I ujon the dooiste^j outside tfursfng the reujuant of his pa­ tience, and asked him, '^'Where's Pitu ?" With a deep-drawn sigb, tbe lad re­ sponded, " I don't know ; I s'poso he's i omewhere prayiu' the Lord for his sup­ per "--Ellenville Journal. • Progress and Happiness. Indeed, the opportunities and advan­ tages of the age axe so immense, the in­ ventions so prodigious, the convenience so universal and supreme, that the ob­ server constantly looks to see if there is a corresponding advance in human wel­ fare. The Arabian stories are outdone. Ali Baba and Aladdin are familiar he­ roes. We own ali the amulets. We have mastered all the magic. But there are those who reflected, as they read those wonderful tales, that while it was pleasant for Fortunatus to have his purse, and rapturous for the Prince to awake the sleeping beauty, there was apparent­ ly the same old sorrow and suffering on every side. All the magic ended in in­ dividual gaiu, and, although fairy power haunted Bagdad, Bagdad was not fairy­ land. We know a charming and venerabl lady who used to go to Albany in asloo and she has sometimes been a week < the way. We leave New York at ha past 10 and dine in the capital at 2. An­ other old friend made her bridal tour to N iagara sixty years ago. But her grand­ daughters can make theirs to the Staub- bach and Terni in a shorter time. We know of the riot in Alexandria before it is suppressed. Longfellow dies, Darwin, Emerson, Garibaldi, and Oregon and Naples know it simultaneously. Fifty years ago, if early winter nightfall over­ took Congress in session, a man toiled long and laboriously to make darkness visible with oil and candles; now one touch floods the great hall with day. It is a symbol of the sudden flooding of the whole world with the news of the mo­ ment. From his office, his shop, his home, a man with his telephone talks with his friend, his lawyer, his grocer, his doctor, miles away. No fancied con­ venience in his daily employment occurs to him that is not already fact and wait­ ing for him to buy. His newspaper, a library for 5 cents, is but a type of all. It is the age of miracle. Is it also the age of greater happiness? Is the blessing universal ? Does the magnificent ana marvelous genius of in­ vention bind men closer together? We put a girdle round the earth in forty, minutes. Is the swift journey one *>f general blessing? Walking along tbe street of palaces that leads to the beau- < tiful metropolitan pleasure ground, marking the elaborate workmanship, the costly splendor of detail, catching glimpses of rooms rich with the. spoils of every zone, bright with exquisite decoration, seeing the silken and laced and jeweled figures that step from state­ ly carriages, and seem to flqat on air like spangles on a sunbeam, do we feel that it is the pttrse of Fortunatus, good for himself and his family alone, or that all this splendor is but the flower of a general prosperity, a universal'content? It is a momentous question, which sea- timent, not political economy, must an­ swer. Sentiment rules the world. It is the sense of injustice, not a demon­ stration of supply and demand, that upheaves society. The golden age was not that in which inventive genius wrought miracles, and when the Alps, a region of dazzling icy heights and cold dark valleys, was the symbol of human society. It was prosperous, but it was prosperity of mutual good will, of friend­ ly interest, of general co-operation. It was a dream of pagans. But it was a Christian world in which they bore one another's burdens. Telegraphs and electric lights and cheap periodicals alone will not restore it. But the same spirit, and only the same spirit, will win Astroa back again.--" Editor's Easy Chair" in Harper'a Magazine. Departments, also, changes do not often occur, and many a elerk, whose hair is now white, entered the service when a voung man. Employes perform their labors in a remarkably-satisfactory man­ ner. In fact, it is apparent that the Government clerk, taken on the average, has greatly^improved in many respects within the past dozen years.-- Washing­ ton Star. Paul's Prayer. A lady in Greenfield had company at tea, on which occasion her two little boys were invited to await the chance of a second tuble, in whioh frrangement they readidlv acquiesced. B it the vis­ itors lingered over tne ruins of short­ cake and pot-cheese to indulge iu an entertaining and somewhat protracted "feast of rocaon," and the evening Warm and Hot^Sprlngs. The springs called thermal springs are found in ajl latitudes, at various eleva­ tions above the sea, and in most of the geological formations. The word thermal does not, however, denote a spring of any particular degree of temperature, and is far from signifying that the springs to which it is applied are all equally warm; for any spring is ther­ mal* the water of which is warmer than the mean annual temperature of the pla?e where it occurs. In tho equatorial regions, where the mean annual temper­ ature is about 80 deg., a thermal spring should have a temperature of about 85 deg., while in the northern parts of the earth, as, for example, at Yakutsk, in Siberia, where the year's temperatuYe does not exceed 13 deg., it need be only a little above that. The waters of ther­ mal springs maintain an equable tem­ perature, and must therefore come out of depths in the earth at which the variations in the temperature of the air. exert no influence. According to Bous- singault, this depth in the tropics is only a little more than one or two feet, but between 48 deg. and 52 deg. of north latitude it is between sixty-six and ninety-three feet below the surface. Be­ side the springs that are cal ed thermal, many springs are found the temperature of which exceeds the highest meau tem­ perature of the year, ana are called warm springs. Samples are the spring at Carlsbad, 167 deg. ; that of Wiesbaden, 158 deg.; those of Baden-Baden, 154 to 111 deg., etc. The depth from whioh the waters come may be approximately calculated by the rule that the tempera­ ture increases one degree for every ninety f^et below the suriace. Hence the water of the bubbling spring at Carlsbad is supposed to come from a depth of 7,300 feet* A third class of springs, the boiling springs, geysers or hot springs, whose temperature is near the boiling point of water, are peculiar in respect to the places wlitfte they appear. They are found only in volcanic regions; are nu­ merous in Iceland, where there are more than a hundred of them; on the North island of Now Zealand, where they are most abundant in the neighborhood of the Roto Mahana, or Hot lake; and near the Yellowstone lake, the Fire-hole and the Madison rivers, in the region of the Wind River mountains, in the United States, where some 800 of them are grouped within a certain well-defined area.--Popular Science Monthly. ONH of the trunk HEAD LINE for the report of a «Mb banquet--A stuffed dub. ' • ' T H B froht doo| mat is always-ready to scrape a neW acquaintance. GIRLS, like opportuuities, are all tbe more to you after being embraced. IT always saddens an old cow to look over the fence at aa oleomargarine fac­ tory. THB poster plays a truly-neutral part during a political campaign--it is always on the fence. DOCTORS and mackerel have tyiia in common : They are seldom caught out of their schools. ' | HE who obevs with modesty appears jworthy some day or other o: bong al- owed to command. THIS pig has sometimes been compared musical instrument. The corn-et s to hit his case. ,t PAUT* who had just paid a big doc­ 's bill says he would 1ik« to see high 'Is go out of fashion. IT'S all a matter of taste," afc the bpy said when he preferred a piece of ginger­ bread to a picture-book. AN Illinois farmer who plowed Op a two-gallon jug abased his oxen there was no whisky in it. SHE--"Why is it that when we weve lovers you always got me a box at the theater and covered the front with boo­ klets, but now you buy seats in the dr^ss circle ?" He--" At that time you* father paid for your bonnets." " HAVE you had your ears pieroed ? " asked a young lady of her chum, who lived next door. "I should think so," was the crushing reply, "hearing you sing every day." There is'now a great gulf of coldness between the twoi ' " WHAT will I do with my hens if they do not lay?" Let them get into your neighbor's garden among the vegetables. If they do not lay, the neighbor will probably lay for them. The only trou­ ble about that method is the hens are laid out so soon.--Texas Sifting*. " HAVE you any fresh eggs ?" " Yes, mum, plenty ; them with the hen on 'em." " With the hen on them ?" "Yes, mum, we always put a hen on our fresh eggs to distinguish of 'em. Beg pardon, mum, don't think you understand. Hen, the letter ; not 'en, the bird. Hen for noo-laid, mum. Take a dozen, mum? Thank you?"--Punch. s OLD Scotch gentlocnan sitting in a Toronto car--a young lady enters, and makes a rush for the topmost seat The car starts rather suddenly, the young lady lands on the old gentleman's knee, blushing and exclaiming, " Oh. beg your pardon." OldG. : "Dinna men-• tion it, lassie; I'd raythur hae ye settin' on my knee than stannin' on ceremony." A CERTAIN clerk in a Western village recently made the following comment on Pocahontas. Said he : " Pocahontas was a great man; Pocahontas was a kind-hearted man." " Hold on !" cried his companion. " Pocahontas was a woman." "She was^ eh?" said he. " Well, that's just my luok. How am I expected to know ? I never read the Bible." " How MUCH do they charge in Austin for a morning male?" asked a hungry- looking Irishman, who had just arrived in town, of a gentleman who was leaning against a post. " They don't charge me anything for my mail; they hand it out to me every morning ten- nothing," was the reply. "You don't tell me so. Ain't Austin a chape place to live aiid get fat in?"--Texas Sifting#. In a few weeks after boxes for receiv­ ing mail were put up in Augusta, Me., at the corners of streets, a nice, pleas­ ant old lady on X. street accosted one of the letter-carriers with: " See here. I haven't got no key, ail' I want one P* "A key to what, madam?" asked the polite carrier. "Why, a key to that postoffice box onto our corner; all the neighbors get their mail regular, but I can't get mine outen that box. It is locked {"--Detroit Post. "OH, doctor, do you think my little darling will live?" inquired an anxious mother of the family physician who had called the seventh time with his bill. "Live! Why there isn't anything the matter with him, is there?" "Well, no, not now; but you know, doctor, there •are so many children's diseases around." "Huh! If the child takes after »his father, he'll live when an honest man will starve to death. Good morning." --New Haven Register. OLD SAWS ANP SEE-SAWS. From Eighth street up, from Eighth street down. This ia the manner of this great town ; From Eighth street up, the women ar» opnrnliw it. From Eighth street down, tho inert are earning it, Borrowing, buying, begging it, lending it. From Eighth street, up, the women are spending tt; 'Twill b») the maunor of this great town Till Wall street's up and Harlem's down. Tili green grass grows iu Tompkins equate. Till ali the I.'M reduce their fare; From some street up, the women burning it, From some street down, tho. men still earning it; Father from son, if need be reudiug it, That daughter and wife n;ay still be spending it. From Eighth street up, from Eighth street dawn--• A nce-suw rhyme, and a see-saw town. --J. E, WatrouH in the Century. The Distinction. A little 5-year-old boy was being in­ structed in morals by his grandmother. The old lady told him that all such terms as " by golly," "by jingo," " by thunder," etc., wore only little oaths, and but little better than other profan­ ities. In fact, she said, he could tell a profane oath by the prefix "by." All such were oaths. " Well, then, grandmother," said the „ T , , little hopeful, "& «by telegraph,' which ^h, Lwd, esclaimed the old man, I see in the papers, swearing?" j . ̂ los«* ln de transaction. "No," said the old lady, " that's only i Traveler. lying."--Rome Sentinel. . j _ GEOBOIA has probably the i foreign-born population of any Slate, ENVX IS blind and knows nothing ex- I only Id,564 out of 1,542,000 total; she oept how to depreciate tile excellences of I probably has also the largest per cenw otheu.--native to her own soil, over 1.400.00& Norwegian Honesty. Soon after starting we passed the sae- ter where Jens lives when he is not hunt­ ing in the mountains, and, Esau wishing to see what kind of snow shoes they use in this part of the country, Jens ran up to the house, and fetched his "skier." To give an idea of the absurd honesty which prevatls here, we noticed that though Jens had been absent from home for the last two months, and the win­ dows were shut up, yet the door was only latched, and after an inspection of the snow-shoes, Jens would not trouble to take them back, but simply left them by the side of the road to wait his return three or four days hence. Another in­ stance illustrating the same simplicity, occurred to us once when traveling in quite a different part of Norway. When changing carioles at a station our bag- gage was all heaped together on the1 roadside, and as we wanted to stay there an hour or so for dinner, aud this was a main road with a fair amount of traffic, we suggested to the landlord that our goods had better be brought inside the station. He merely looked up to the sky with a weather wise* eye and replied : "Oh, no; I'm sure it won't rain."-- From " Three in Norway " •, " Was the Loser., " Uncle Simon," exclaimed a boy in breathless haste, rushing into a shop, ••did yer heah dat yer wife has dun run away wid a barber ?" " No, chile; am it a faok V " Yes, sah. She run away. Da was in sich a hurry dat de barber lef his hat in.de house." " Wall, I'sp glad he lef* his hat, far it makes me de gainer in de transaction." "But he come back an* tuck de hat, den ran away an' lef yer wife in de house."