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"i •» >*JV*'••skV«i » w '\K~~ .* . •« J •Tl" • ••«• • "•• *>v» /•„ r ,,i / * y* •)•*«,•» *- , ,.,. • .« ». OWW >1/? 71 • OF BUSHMEN. HICMARKABLC DRAWING® FOUND -.*• ON ROCKS IN SOUTH AFRICA. • v- •** „ n ~ '• I. jft- -Among a People Very Low In the Scale of Civilization Are Found , Evidence* of Artl«t{£v 4, ' 'iK Ability. •. -r\; tt ^FbUld be harder to tad Af- \ 'tih. *V ?k\ ,'v Iff'** S4y i">. V- -rican tribe lower in the scale of civil­ ization than the dwarfed bushmen of the southern part of the dark conti­ nent, and yet evidences of an artistic sense and ability have been found among them which are most astonish­ ing. and justifies modern anthropology in its claim that even in apparently primitive tribes there exists a culture not necessarily inferior to our own though differing from it. The con­ ditions under which the bushmen live are almost bestial, and yet they have •covered the smooth cliffs and the walls of their caves with paintings and etchings which far surpass in artistic excellence the work of any other race of so primitive character, *ud which will remain as monuments •to this remarkable people long after <ts last member shall have per­ ished. , These pictures are of two kinds-- true paintings made with ochres and very similar engraved drawings made 4>y striking the smooth rock wall with .a sharp flint. The artist, it is as­ serted, Bimply holds the stone in his fist and so makes one mark after an- other. To produce such results by such a method requires marvelous -steadiness of hand. The finest gems of bushmen paint­ ing are represented by accurate cop­ ies in the possession of Miss Lucy <J. Lloyd, the sister-in-law of the late Dr. Bleek, whose studies of the bush­ men are celebrated. There is an os­ trich-stalking scene, which appears to represent the highest possible achieve­ ment of primitive art. The five os­ triches are depicted with astonishing ^correctness of drawing and fidelity to nature in a style resembling that of the greatest of Japanese artists. The birds are varied in coloring and atti­ tude, but all turn their heads in cu- Tiosity toward the strange fowl at the right, which the arm and bow proclaim to be a bushman disguised as an ostrich. Equally realistic are the elands In another painting, though the lions shown in pursuit of them are very in­ ferior. • * A large and very remarkable paint­ ing represents Kaffirs attacking bush­ men cattle raiders. The Kaffirs are tall and black, and they carry spears and shields, while the small, light- colored bushmen are armed with bows and arrows. 1 Such are the artistic productions of a race which many persons are tempt­ ed to regard rather as a connecting link with the anthropoid apes than a true representative of the genus homo. And certainly the conditions under which these people live would not lead one to expect to find such artistic sense and skill. With no knowl­ edge of weaving or pottery, and little of iron, this impoverished race leads a wretched existence on the barren steppes to which it has been forced South African Animals In Bushman Rock Pictures. to retreat. Often the only means of obtaining water is to drive a reed 'into the ground, suck the sparse moisture from the subsoil, and spew it into the shell of an ostrich's egg. This task, which generally falls to the women, is extremely fatiguing, and makes the lips very sorfe. These pygmies are almost destitute of anything that can be called prop­ erty. Their only weapons are diminu­ tive bows and poisoned arrows. A fur apron and pouch and two bits of wood for making fire by friction about complete the list of a bushman's pos­ sessions. Iron is obtained from the north, but only in so small quanti­ ties that only a few tribes &re able to tip their arrows with triangular bits of thin sheet iron. Most of the arrtiw heads are of bone or wood. In general the tools used for skinning and cutting up game, etc., are made of chipped flints, which in many cases are used once and then thrown away, because they are too heavy to carry on the long journeys of these no­ mads. ARE CRACK SHOTS. MSN OF NAVY HAVE TARGET PRACTICE IN CUBA. 4jjjfe>«te extensive Ranges at Quanta; •rtl **mo They Become Proficient la the Use of Small Arms. A mavy is as strong as its gunners are proficient in marksmanship and tor this reason navy discipline is in­ creasingly emphasizing the import­ ance of target practice. The ships of the American navy will soon enter up­ on the annual target practice with the big gun and each boat will seek to make the highest score. But it may sot be known that the enlisted man of the navy is as carefully drilled in the we of small arms as in the handling of the big guns. The ships of the At­ lantic squadron have just completed their small arms practice on the ex­ tensive target ranges at the navy sta­ tion at Guantanamo, Cuba. This year the small arms target practice has been of unusual interest to the en- listed men, both bluejackets and ma­ rines. They have been firing with the small arms and the pistol, and the -competition has been keen. The ship's -crew making the best showing will receive 'one of two new cups, large sil­ ver emblems, which have just been -adopted by the bureau of navigation as annual trophies for superiority on the target range with the small arms. The target range at Guantanamo has heen greatly improved in the last year. A shelter house has been built there for the men, and it is proposed to build a similar structure for the use of the officers. Telephones have been in­ stalled, together with the telegraph. The navy department possesses un­ surpassed facilities for conducting tar­ get practice for boat guns, small arms, and three-inch field pieces at the naval station at Guantanamo, regarding which establishment navy officers who jhave visited the place express them­ selves with much enthusiasm. The ranges extend from the south shore of Granadilla bay to near the Army boundary line in the Cuzco hills. The boat gun ranges consist of regu­ lation targets on rafts moored on the •edge of the mangroves on the south shores of Granadilla and Guantanamo hays, in sufficient depth of water for a steam launch to go alongside, and lo­ cated so as not to interfere with one another or with any firing that may be going on at ranges on shore, or with traffic in the bay; buoys, properly marked, are placed at 400 and 800 yards. There are now four such tar­ gets in place, and this number has ^ been found sufficient for the fleet this year. There is room for as many more as may be desired. The artillery range has two targets, at 1,000 and 1,200 yards, respectively, located at the foot of the Cuzco hills, and so placed as not to interfere with firing elsewhere on any other range. Trails have been cut for communica­ tion from firing points to targets and marked by signboards. Pits for mark­ ers will probably be constructed. The landing for this range is placed so as to be lpost quickly reached from the ships. The endeavor in laying out the rifle and pistol ranges was to take the fullest advantage of the natur­ al features of the land to meet the present and future needs of the serv­ ice, to make it safe to fire at all ranges simultaneously and without Interfer­ ence. This has been done successfully, the intervening hill between the two ranges making it safe to fire at all distances on one range without danger or Interference with the other. There are, therefore, two principal ranges, located in two adjacent val­ leys; the first range of two butts, a 600-yard, with 15 "B" targets placed at the standard distance of 15 feet be­ tween centers, and a 1,000-yard butt, with five "C" targets placed at the standard distance of 22 feet between centers. It is believed that these two butts, or these ranges, will accommo­ date all the men who will qualify In the service for these higher ranges for years to come and for practicing for team matches. The second range con­ sists of two butts, with a single firing line, arranged in echelon, one butt with 110 "A" targets, 300 yards from the firing line, the other 200 yards from the firing line, with 60 "A" tar­ gets, the firing line being interrupted between the two butts by a hummock whose position tas been taken advant­ age of to cut a trench from firing line to butts for communication, a matter of great importance, especially where the markers are inexperienced and have to be changed frequently. Both the 110 and 60 butts were located pri­ marily, as stated, fgor firing at 200 and 300 yards, but each of these butts is available for about half its length for ranges up to 1,00# yards by dropping back. HER FATAL OBJECTION. •"This is so sudden!" ^ As he heard the girl speak these "words the astonished young man rose to his feet in bewilderment. "Sudden!" he repeated. "Did I |f|par aright? More than two years ago, I believe it was, since I first met you. For several months after that I Only saw you occasionally; then grad- t iially, very gradually, I increased my 'Visits. It took six months to get on a THE CONGO'S BIG CROCODILES. Most Dreaded of the Pests of Cen­ tral Africa. On the giant rivers like the Nile and the Congo there are two serious pests, the one animal and the other reptile. The animal is the unwieldy hippopotamus, who is never so happy as when he is upsetting dugeut ca­ noes of fisherman or warriors. It would seem as though he were in league with his sinister friend the crocodile, who is perhaps the most dreaded pest of oentral Africa. The Congo especially swarms with croco­ diles; and many a night when the white mist settles at dusk on the bosom of the stream, a sudden scream stockaded and fenced village, aad a white man might drift down the stream and not suspect human habi­ tations at all were it not for the gentle smoke wreaths, curling up among the giant cotton woods. Toward evening a procession of women and girl's make their wiy down to the enclosures with huge jars uf>» on their heads or under their armsf, much as ,you have seen in Bible pic­ tures. They wade out into the water. Suddenly one gives a gasp and a scream. A scaly head emerges, from the brownish yellow fluid, and like a flash the victim is dragged under. Tha whirling eddies are tinged with crimp son and then all is still. The monster holds his victim under water for four or five minutes until every movement has ceased. Then the crocodile--he is probably 18 feet in length--swims to the other side of the river, or at all events higher up past the village, lands with the body and proceeds to devour it. After such an occurrence, says the New York Sun, the white man is ap­ pealed to, for native spears and bows and arrows are feeble weapons against the scaly hide of the monster. An expedition is arranged for the following day and watch is carefully set. White helmeted missionary or government officials climb trees or Death Stroke to Headsman Dealing Village reaches the ears of missionary, trader, or white official, seated on the ver­ anda of his bungalow. Only too well these men know what that sound means. Just outside the village, and on the bank of the river, are staked enclosures within which the women may do such washing as is necessary, and hither, too, all mem­ bers of the family resort for coolness rather than cleanliness. > The sole purpose of these enclosures is to keep out the* crocodiles. But these hideous and artful creatures will push the wattles or twigs to one side with powerful snout and jaw and crawl inside the enclosure, there to lie in wait for some unsuspecting visitor. Women, perhaps, form the greatest number of victims, because they frequently go down to the river to draw water. Can you imagine the scene at sun­ set? The great river flows silently by the village of huts, lost in the prime­ val jungle. Very queer and quaint Jhe dwellings look, resembling big, brown 'mushrooms, rather than houses. . Here and there a hut is perched in a treetop, and in it a savage sentinel keeps watch and guard over the vil­ lage, lest the slave raiders come down burning and destroying and carrying off their children for the markets, of the 'Mohammedan north. It is a Crocodile. conceal themselves behind innocent looking brushwood. Hours pass in silence, broken only by the scream of parrots, the chatter­ ing of monkeys or the thud, thud of the elephant pads in the swamp be­ yond the cane brake. Suddenly with a swish and a swirl the head of the crocodile comes awash, and the rep­ tile crawls cautiously forth. There is a flash of flame from a rifle barrel, a sharp report and a nickel- coated bullet goes through the croco­ dile's eye and into his brain. He shiv­ ers convulsively, turns partly over; two more flashes and then all is still. With a joyous shout the relatives and friends of the victim leap out from concealment and fall upon the common enemy. They abuse the dead crocodile with every harsh word in their vocabulary, beat him on his ar­ mored back and curse him and his an­ cestors for generations back. Then follows a curious ceremony. This is the cutting open of the mon­ ster. An amazing array of silver bracelets, necklaces and ivory orna­ ments is sometimes recovered In this way, showing that the crocodile had killed and eaten four or five men and women. Those ornaments are return­ ed to their proper owners in the vil­ lage and the skin is sold to the high­ est bidder. CONNECTICUT CANINE A HERO. Catches Runaway Horses and Drives Them Back to Owner. Winsted, Conn.--Returning from Torrington the other night, William Martinez, a cigar manufacturer, and his wife were thrown from their sleigh upon a snow bank when their horses look fright at an approaching train. Their spaniel dog, tied in the sleigh, broke loose and brought the runaways back to their owners 15 minutes later. The dog had grabbed the dangling reins in its teeth, turned the horses round, and jumped to the sleigh seat, where it sat with the reins still in its mouth when the , team was returned to Mr. and Mrs. Martinez. The home of the late Helen M. Whitney, in West Sheffield, Mass., was destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of |6,000. Charles Connell, superintend­ ent of the Berkshire Hills company, who occupied the house, was awaken­ ed by his bulldog, which was standing over him, barking, licking his face, and gently biting him. The room was filled with smoke, and the flre "burned fiercely. At first he was unable to move, and the dog tugged away, at the bed clothing in an endeavor to arouse its master. With considerable difficulty Connell groped his way to a window, which he forced open, and with the dog crawled out. He only saved four pieces of silver, wedding presents. Mrs. Connell was away On a 4: BECAME AT ONCE POPULAR. this for another two years at least, considing your present salary." A SOG OF SPRIG. >• Sprig' Is cobig I dow; Balby breezes tell be BO; Sood the buds will gladly swell, Ad the t)irds their love will tell * Where the bra-dches gedtly swsy-~ Berry sprig Is od the way. Dowd the furrows od the hills Rud the sparklig little rills That bake rivers of the creeks; Ad I hear the happy shrieks * . ,,r t sweet baideds aklpplg rope-- formal calling basis; it took slx^ All the world ls full of hope. months more to be a regular visitor; six months more to call you by your Christian name; and it is only during the last few months that I have ven­ tured, with many misgivings, even to llold your hand. And now, after all this gradual development of my love, • Jiou tell me that my declaration is so " jilidden. Do you call this sudden?" v,; , "I do, indeed," she replied, calmly. •.VvV'r-^But for what reason?" ,• ^ "• The young lady replied, with some ' Itegree of hauteur: "Simply this. I hardly imagined you would 'fare to speak to me like H f •' Boys play barbies dow for keeps, There is rubbish piled Id heaps Id the back yards; frob the Cobs the old fabillar 'cries Of the wild geese od their way To sobe far-off dortherd bay. Od the corder lots agaid Baseball stars are being bade; Od the lldes the rugs are hug, Sogs of sprig are belg sug; Ah, by dose, 'tis eribaod-huedj *!*• 1 took tbeb off too * --Chicago Record-Herald. t In the ordinary English barber shop a hair-cut costs six cents and a shave four* <S i. , i - A-• i ,,, \ SiisastetMS®! First Sketch of 8ea Fight. Wetzel Hollar, eminent as an en­ graver, born at Prague, 1607, who spent most of his life in England, was probably the first artist to sketch a jtiea fight In action. While returning from Tangier, Africa, to England, the English vessel in which he sailed in 1669, was attacked by Algerine pirates. The conflict was desperate. The Eng­ lish vessel succeeded in escaping with 11 killed and 17 wounded. Hollar, .^during the engagement, coolly employ- led himself in sketching the scene, an engraving of which he published. The Liberty Bell. The most celebrated bell in , the .[United States is that known as. the ^"Liberty BelC in old Independence hall at Philadelphia. It was imported >from England in 1752; was cracked by a trial stroke, and recast In Phil­ adelphia by Isaac Norrts. On July 4, 1776, this bell announced the signing of the Declaration of Independence. During its tolling on the occasion of the funeral of Chief Justioe Marshall, In 1835, the bell was again cracked. Since that time It has been on exhi­ bition in independence hall. ' Js Motor Boat Has Made Really Marvel* ous Progress. It would be difficult to tell who first thought of putting a gasoline motor Into a boat; probably the idea occur­ red almost simultaneously to a num­ ber of persons In various localities, but it is safe to say that these pio­ neers could have had no idea of tho progress which the new power was destined to make in a few short years, says the Metropolitan Magazine. It is, in fact, only five or six years since the motor boat became a practical proposition, but in that time it has pursued a steady course of conquest until now not only is its victory over the sailboat practically complete, but steam also has been vanquished in all but the larger powers, and even in these the gasoline motor looms up a8 a dangerous competitor in the near future. Already the rapid-fire musket­ ry of Its open exhaust fills our har­ bors and resounds along our streams. From Alaska to Florida, and from Maine to California, wherever naviga­ ble waters exist and civilization has reached, the swift-moving modern craft may be seen performing its func­ tions of business or pleasure. In the commerce of our canals and upon in­ land waters generally It is now pre­ dominant, and even in our coastwise service it is making its way. The transoceanic traffic alone remains the undisputed domain of steam, and the successful crossing of the Atlantic by the Gregory, a gasoline propelled tor­ pedo boat of American construction, a few years ago, points the way to the time when in this field also Will be involved the modern power. DELMAS BEGINS PLEA BASES ARGUMENT FOR THAW ON . : ,j-fcAW AND SYMPATHY*:ji.* • • V-V! WIFE'S MOTHER SCORED IBtter Invective Also Poured Out on Stanford White--Case Lively to Jury W«4n«t- •• v.-,., * *'• j day.' ' I . •"** • _____ •*> i. New York.--The trial of Harry K. Thaw, charged with the murder of Stanford White, is nearing the end. Attorney Delphin M. Delmas, the Cali- Ifornia advocate, Monday afternoon began his closing address to the jury, and after he had spoken for more than two hours and a half an adjournment was taken until Tuesday morning. Mr. Delmas expects to conclude be­ fore the luncheon hour is reached. District Attorney Jerome will make the closing address of the trial on Wednesday, and Thaw's {ate should be in the hands of the jury by Wednesday evening. Declaring he would not base his plea upon the "unwritten law," be­ cause his client found ample protec­ tion in the written statutes of the state of New York, Mr. Delmas made a striking appeal to the sympathies of the jurors, and so far as he progressed Monday the subject of Thaw's insan­ ity at the time he committed the homicide was not even hinted at. Mr. Delmas based his ftrguinent solely upon the story of Evelyn Nes- bit Thaw- With flushed cheeks, but dry eyes, that young woman heard her life history repeated to the men who are to judge her husband, and bowed her head as her mother was denounced in the bitterest terms and tones the eloquent lawyer could com­ mand. Mr. Delmas, before beginning his attack upon Evelyn Thaw's mother, poured out a torrent of denunciation upon the architect who became the victim of Thaw's pistol. He accused him of the "crime of rape," and then declared that President Roosevelt had said in a message to congress that such a crime should be visited with death. This was one of the sugges­ tions which Thaw himself made to his counsel for his summing up speech. Mr. Delmas declared that God heard the cry of the fated child upon whom Stanford White had fixed his gaze and had determined should be his. He quoted from Scripture that "he who afflicts a fatherless child shall perish," and declared that Provi­ dence had sent Thaw to avenge the wrong. NO DEFENSE AT PUERTO CORTEZ, Honduran8 Thought War Was Over- American Marines Guard Ceiba. New Orleans.--That Puerto Cortez was surrendered without fighting and that about 1,500 Honduran soldiers abandoned the port two days before the Nicaraguan troops appeared was the information brought here Monday night by the steamer Anselm from Puerto Cortez. The Hondurans did not desert their post through cowardice, according to these dispatches, but decided that the war was over. United States marines closed all saloons in Ceiba after the abandon­ ment of the port by the Hondurans. Puerto Cortez, Honduras,via^New Or­ leans.--An authoritative statement of' great moment in the relations of the United States to Central American re­ publics has been given out here. It is to the effect that bombardment of coast towns cannot be permitted "dur­ ing the frequent wars and revolutions in Central American states." The statement is by Commander Fullam of the United States gunboat Marietta and is part of a letter to Gen. Juan J. Estrada, general com­ manding the Nicaraguan expedition engaged in capturing Honduran ports. 8AVED FROM THE GALLOW*. Sentences of Mrs. Myers and Frarfk Hottman Commuted. ma Frank Marjorle In Church. Marjorie is a very little girl, and consequently she is all the time hav­ ing new experiences. This summer she has seen the circus for the fir3t time, and shortly after that thrilling experience she made her first appear­ ance at church. She was very much interested in the service. During the morning serv­ ice they sang that beautiful hymn, "A Consecrated Cross I'll Bear," to which she listened with a very earnest little face. When she was asked how she en­ joyed going to church, she said: "I heard '«m singing about a bear, but I didn't see It. It was a 'crated cross-eyed bear, too, and they, (jy^Jn't VUJI a*- frtiA A(MM« » have that kind at the circus." Jefferson City, Mo.--The sentences of death imposed upon Mrs. Aggie My­ ers of Kansas City and Frank Hott­ man of Higginsville, Mo., who were convicted of paving murdered the woman's husband, Clarence Myers, in 1904, were commuted by Gov. Folk Monday to imprisonment for life. Arrested for Wife-Murder. New York.--Dr. Samuel S. Goy, a prominent dentist of Far Rockaway and for a number of years, until re­ cently, coroner of Queens Borough, is under arrest charged with the murder of his wife in their home Monday night. Fatal Wreck in Nevada. Winnemuca, Nev.--Passenger train No. 4, on the Southern Pacific, ran into a split switch at Browns Mon­ day. Engineer F. C. Hampton was killed. The fireman's legs were cut off. A number of passengers were hurt * Czar Honors a Jew-Baiter. St. Petersburg.--M. Pichno, a former professor of the University of Kiev, has been made a member of the coun­ cil of empire. He Is a noted reaction­ ary and anti-semlte, and is the reputed organizer of the anti-Jewish attacks, at Kiev. Exports to England Increase. Exports from the Ucited States to England last year reached |655,026, | 0 t t N York. m, a#gain owr I** of f77.660.0M. *n " ° Big Blaze In Galveston. Galveston, Tex.--Fanned by a high northeast wind, flre late Monday caus­ ed the total destruction of three build­ ings and entailed a loss estimated at $176,000. Vermont Editor DMjitu Burlington, Vt.--George Benedict, editor-in-chief of the Burlington Free Press, died Monday at Camden, N. C. He had been 111 about six weeks frbm a general breakdown due to old age. He was born in 1S26. Isle qf Pines Cuban Territory. ^ Washington.--That the Isle of Pfidei is Cuban, not American territory was declared Monday by the supreme court of the United States in the case of Ed­ ward J. Pearcy vs. the collector of the BARB WIRE REE1L M . V ' . ' - v y v 4 v : FANNING MILLS ON FARM. One Easily Made That Will Do effect­ ive Service. Here is a barb wire reel that one can wind barb wire on Instead of an old barrel, which is slow work. We present a little drawing of one that can be easily made by an ingenious farmer. It is mounted on wheels, and Have the Weight Near the Wheels. can be drawn along by a man, while a boy steadies the handle to keep the wire from unwinding too rapidly and kinking. For winding up wire that Is is taken off of a fence, the machine can either be pushed or pulled, going just fast enough to keep up with the wire as it is being wound on the reel. A little rack like this, says The Far­ mer, would be of considerable value to any one who has any amount of barb- wire fencing to wind. INACCURATE SEED TESTINGS What the Germination May itityl May Not Show. h-• It is not at all certain that seed^ when sown in the open field will show the same amount of ^digestibility as when sown in seed testing boxes or between plates in the house and un­ der ideal conditions of warmth and moisture. A great many experiments have been made to show what the germinating power of various seeds is, a;nd it has been figured out that the results would be the same in. the field as in the seed testers. It is inter­ esting, thenefore, to ncte that a com- parlsqn of results do not show the same percentage of seed germinating under the two conditions. In some comparative tests reported 31' samples of seed of oats and wheat were tested in regular seed testers. The lowest germination was 49 per cent, and fhe highest 99 per cent. A like number of samples of the same seed were planted In the open ground at the same time, the samples being the same grain as those planted in the testers. One of the oat samples that had shown a germination of 94 per cent, when planted in the tester gave only 54 per cent, of germination when planted in the open field. An­ other lot gave in the tester a germi­ nation of 81 per cent., yet when sown in the open field It gave only 13 per cent. This was a most remarkable de­ cline. One of the Samples of wheat seed gave 63 per cent, of germination when sown in the seed tester, but when sown in the field gave only 8 per cent, of germination. The poorest sample for field work gave 62 per cent, of ger­ mination when sown in the seed test­ er, but in the field gave only 4. per cent, of germination. This illustrates the fact that something besides ger­ mination tests need be looked for when figuring on what seed will do. Conditions in the field are much hard­ er than in a germinating plate. An investigation of this seed show­ ed that it had been produced under bad conditions and probably lacked vitality. It had been injuriously af­ fected by early fall frosts. Most of it had enough vitality to enable it to sprout under the perfectly favor­ able conditions found in a sprouting tray, but had pot enough vitality to enable it to sprout when buried in the ground where the moisture .supply would be too great or too little, the temperature too high or too low, and where the air would not have free access to the grain. The germination tests may still be considered valuable, says Farmers' Review, but they are by no means conclusive, so long as they are con­ ducted under ideal conditions. It is only rare that conditions in the open ground are ideal for the germination of FARM NOTES. It is comfortable' to lean upon a fat Job. Two family needs--good bread and good breeding. Don't try to grind alfalfa meal with low power. Yes, without doubt, the lime and sulphur wash Is a good fungicide. If the spring is late and wet many a farmer will be tempted to go into his fields and plow before the land Is In proper condition. But plowing that merely turns a wet slice of soil upside down is a damage to the lan& Breeding for Layers. Don't take eggs indiscriminately from the entire flock from which to hatch the season's chicks. If your object is to ra^se pullets that will lay next winter, select your best layers of the past winter and place them in a pen and yard by themselves, with a male that is well developed and vigorous for a mate. Pullets from such a pen will be twice as profitable next season as those produced from eggs taken at random from a farm flock. Heatth and the Garden. The farmer who has a good garden has a healthy family as a rule. We re­ member being at a farmers' Institute a few years ago when an aged physi­ cian was asked to make a few re­ marks. The first thing he said was: "I noticed all my life that I never got much money out of the family which was fed on fruit and vege­ tables." ^ >• Do you^itt o? dfc you ' Don't stop for long stories or yet for ehort tales when the trees in your or- Chard are covered with scales. Thomas Shaw Deelarea Ewf- Farmer Should Have One. file natural thought would be fln& ery farmer would look upon a fan- ng mill as an indispensable adjunct to his farming. Nevertheless, the fact remains" that on the majority of the grain-growing farmB of tho Northwest there are no fanning mills. This means that before all the farms are thus equipped, from 200,000 to 300,000 fanning mills would have to be sold in that territory. To a farmer living East it seems in­ comprehensible that any farmer should think of growing crops with­ out a fanning mill. The explanation is found in the methods of farming that have been followed. The aver­ age Northwestern farmer settled on virgin lands, where foul seeds had never grown. The lands were so rlclv1 that he was able to grow crops in suc­ cession for many years without think­ ing much about weeds. For the time being, he found it cheaper to send his grain from the threshing machine to the elevator than to build granaries in which to store it and to buy a fanning mill and clean the grain be­ fore selling it. It also left onl his hand a large amount of screenings, which he had no stock to feed to, and which would have been, a drug on the market. Seed wheat was bought in many in­ stances, under the idea that a change was good. In this way, foul seeds multiplied apace. This is largely the explanation of the disgraceful condi­ tion of so many of the farms of the Northwest at the present time, be­ cause of the extent to which they are infested with noxious weeds. > The times have changed. The sys­ tem must change. It has been dis­ covered that home-grown seed is more valuable than what has been purchased, and that seed carefully cleaned and graded is much more val­ uable than seed brought in from abroad. To have such seed it is in­ dispensable that every farmer shall have a fanning mill and he ought to have the best that can be got. Thus equipped, the character of his seed should improve every year, and this should mean a corresponding Increase in his crops. ^ The time has also come when It is imperative to sow clean seed. The only way to insure this is for every farmer to clean his own seed, which means that he must have a fanning mill. The farmers now are growing grain of various kinds and it is equal­ ly important that the seed of these shall be well cleaned, as that the seed of wheat shall be so prepared. Live stock is also being introduced more or less on m^ny farms. This means that the Screenings taken from the wheat or other grains sold can be turned to excellent account in feeding one or the other of the various kinds of live stock kept. The screenings sent to the elevators are given away. The farmer is docked so much for screenings and nothing Is allowed him for the dockage. " • When the importance of the fan- ning. mi.iris"4considered to the North­ west farmer, it would seem that it is not putting it too strongly to say that the man who sells fanning mills is engaged in a beneljcent work, evfen though when thus engaged he has no other thought than that of earning a commission on his sales. The cost is so small that a fanning mill is with­ in the reach of every farmer.--Orange Farmer. . ^ - WASH TANK AMO TABLE. •. -* * ja Most Convenient for Preparing Vege­ tables for M?rket. A vegetable gardener who prepares a good many tegetables for market by first washing and then drying has devised the plan illustrated for remov­ ing the soil and then draining. The Vegetable Waaher. tank is little more than a water-tight box with a plug in the bottom for drainage. The shelf, sayB Prairie Far­ mer, is attached to the box with a hinge, likewise the legs so that fold- ing/ln smaller space is possible.- k Pig Likes Comfort. " No domesticated animal loves com­ fort more than the pig. Cold winds, and storms are damaging, and cost a good deal of feed. Call out a lot of pigs from comfortable shelter, and throw them some corn on the ear, and see how quickly they will carry it to the shelter to eat It pays well to provide shelter from heavy winds and extreme cold, though fresh air and dry beds to sleep in are a neces­ sity if pigs are-to thrive and grow fat. Shelter need not be costly; in fact there is a great deal of money wasted in putting up expensive buildings, but it should be warm and ai lha time well ventilated. * - i it ,i •- ~»if ~ •* . . , , Movable Frames. The chief excellence of the modern hive is in the movable frames which are fitted with a groover, so that when the hive is opened the frames contain* ing the combs can easily be removed, the combs examined, knd changed in any way the beekeeper pleases and re­ turned quickly. Dont Set Chilled Egp^r... To prepare for successful hatching, gather eggs often in cold weather, to avoid chilling. Protect them from ex­ cess of heat and cold. Clean dirty eggs carefully with a little soda, tepid water and soft cloth. Turn daily and select those of smooth, even sixe and color, with good shells. * Care of Little Chicks > We saved 30 or 40 chicks in each of our last two hatches, by putting in a flannel wrung from hot water as soon as chicks showed signs of being too dry. This was removed at lntac* valyas tjie case requlxed. t. £U:.: J* •*< ' J ' - ,i sis.., iLztA.r A*..*., 1- uJLiub ** . if '